Abstract
This paper explains that Drake is best remembered for battling the Spanish and being the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe. The author points out that Drake, called El Draque, meaning "the dragon", by the Spanish, is best known for his piracy of Spanish settlements and ships and his role in defeating the Spanish Armada. The paper describes Drake's adventure through the Strait of Magellan and into the Pacific Ocean to claim areas of North America, called Nova Albion, for Queen Elizabeth; the area included most of Washington, all of Oregon, and a sliver of California.

From the Paper
"Sir Francis Drake was Vice Admiral of the English fleet fighting the Spanish Armada. During the Battle of Gravelines, on July 29, 1588 the Armada was defeated by an English naval force under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake off the coast of Gravelines, France. Prior to the battle, Drake is said to have been playing a game of bowls. On being warned of the approach of the Spanish fleet, Drake reportedly remarked that there was plenty of time to finish the game and still beat the Spaniards. The English later defeated the Spanish on August 4 off Dorset with a fleet under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham and Sir Francis Drake. The final battle between the English and the Spanish was off the coast of Flanders and resulted in Spanish retreat."

Tags:armada, spain, magellen, circumnavigate, piracy

Abstract
This paper will look at the topic about the Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) and will analyze it in terms of the famed Drake equation that has come to define this quest for life elsewhere in the cosmos. An attempt will also be made to put forward the writer's opinion about the dynamics of this equation.

Abstract
This paper explains that the idea of a defensive navy, as today, was not the reason for creating a navy during the Renaissance; the English created a navy to plunder and to protect themselves from plundering, and defense was secondary. The author points out that probably one of the greatest and most well known English sea captains was Sir Francis Drake, who helped Elizabethan England fight off the advancing Spanish Armada in 1588, which sealed England's superiority on the seas. The paper relates that the actual Royal Navy really did not come about until the time of Charles V; before this time, the royals owned a few ships that were considered a navy, but there were no real rules or order to the ships or service on them.

From the Paper
"Before the fifteenth century, Great Britain was primarily occupied with issues at home, such as the Hundred Years' War and other civil issues. Exploration was left to other countries, such as Portugal and Spain. However, during the fifteenth century, all that changed, and England began to actively pursue exploration and discovery, especially in the Atlantic. By 1496, explorers such as John Cabot, an Italian living in Bristol, had obtained permission to begin exploring the globe, especially looking for spice trades to the west, which most people felt was the way to reach Asia and the Indies. In 1497, Cabot set sail, and within three months he was back in England, convinced he had found the eastern shore of Asia. Most people believe he actually found Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, or Labrador."

Tags:maneuverable, exploration, plunder, drake, superiority

Abstract
The paper relates that alcohol-induced blackouts or memory loss during periods of heavy alcohol consumption is common among alcoholics, but has been seen in other types of drinkers as well. The paper actually reveals that today, alcohol appears to be the drug of choice for university and college students, as 70% admit to consuming alcohol at least once a month, and across the country, 50% of students participate in binge drinking by consuming more than four or five drinks at least every two weeks (Jamieson-Drake, Swartzwelder, and White 117). The paper notes that studies involving college students indicate "...22% of students (27% of drinkers) reported at least one incident of having forgotten where they were or what they did due to drinking..." (Presley et al. qtd. in Perkins 92).

From the Paper
"Alcohol-induced blackouts or memory loss during periods of heavy alcohol consumption is common among alcoholics, but has been seen in other types of drinkers as well. Today, alcohol appears to be the drug of choice for university and college students, as 70% admit to consuming alcohol at..."

Tags:alcohol, blackouts, university

Abstract
The paper argues that it is deeply disturbing that the greenhouse gases currently being added to the atmosphere at such an alarming rate are predicted to increase average global surface temperatures by several degrees Celsius, a change that is larger than the natural variation occurring over the past fifteen-thousand years. The paper describes how many scientists such as Tim Flannery and Frances Drake, as well as political leaders like Al Gore, are warning that this accelerating rate of change may have dire implications for life on earth, for it may trigger catastrophic climate change and a runaway greenhouse effect.

From the Paper
"It is deeply disturbing that the greenhouse gases currently being added to the atmosphere at such an alarming rate are predicted to increase average global surface temperatures by several degrees Celsius, a change that is larger than the natural variation occurring over the past fifteen-thousand years. Many scientists such as Tim Flannery and Frances Drake, as well as political leaders like Al Gore, are warning that this accelerating rate of change may have dire implications for life on earth, for it may trigger..."

Tags:climate, change, issues

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of how Daniel Mason uses setting, imagery, and foreshadowing to depict Edgar Drake's escape from real world London to the fantasy world of Burma during the Anglo-Burmese wars in the late nineteenth century in "The Piano Tuner".

From the Paper
" In Daniel Mason's The Piano Tuner, the author takes us on the journey of mild-mannered piano tuner Edgar Drake commissioned by British officials to go to Burma to tune a rare piano that has political interest in hostile Burma .."

Tags:conflict, culture, colonialism, ethnocentrism, exotic, allure, women, music, peace

Abstract
The paper uses Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" as an allegory for the many sweeping changes which swept over England during the Elizabethan period. The paper's author contends that Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" reflects many of the changes taking place in England at that time. The paper states that, just as the Rome in the play was undergoing far reaching political changes and upheavals, so was Elizabethan society as its leaders swung back and forth between Catholicism and Protestantism. The paper also contends that Elizabethan society firmly believed in the Great Chain of Being, or that every " thing in the universe had its proper place and that any attempt to disturb this hierarchy would cause great harm to society and the state.

From the Paper
"So much of how and what we think about history, great writing, and the human character is defined by the Elizabethan Age, particularly because of the greatness of Shakespeare and the imprint his works made upon world literature. However, although Shakespeare's concerns may seem universal, it is also important to keep in mind the historical context and culture in which he operated. Because of the political tumult that preceded Elizabeth I's ascent to the throne, Shakespeare and his contemporaries had profoundly different view of democracy and the popular will than most individuals do today, even people who enjoy quoting the Bard."

Tags:Shakespeare, Julius, Caesar, Drake, historical, renaissance, political

Abstract
This paper examines the possibility that life does exist in other star systems in this galaxy and argues that it is very likely.

From the Paper
"A helpful tool used to estimate the number of technological civilizations that might exist among the stars was developed in 1961 by Dr. Frank Drake. Called the Drake Equation, it identifies specific factors thought to play a role in the development of such civilizations. Some of the things taken into consideration is the rate of formation of suitable stars on which life might exist, the fractions of those stars with planets, the fraction of planets where life develops, and other such things (The Drake Equation)."

Tags:alien, drake, equation, extraterrestrial, galaxy, life, mars

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the oil industry. The paper reports that the history of the oil industry dates back to the earliest civilizations of the Middle East. According to the paper, there are inscriptions, that originated from Mesopotamia, describing the use of oil from as far back as 4000 B.C.E. The paper also reports that in the United States, the invention of the kerosene lamp led to the formation of the first American oil company, Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company, founded in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1854.

From the Paper
"The development of the oil industry also took place in many countries outside of the United States. For example, Canada's first oil boom occurred in Ontario in 1867 and in 1947, the great Leduc field near Edmonton, Alberta, was discovered which soon led to Canada becoming an important contributor to the oil industry. In Mexico, oil production began on a commercial scale around 1918 which made Mexico the second-largest oil producer of the early 20th century. Of course, in 1901, one of the first concessions for oil production was granted in Iran and when huge oil reserves were discovered in 1908, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company came into existence and was soon replaced by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1914. "

Tags:Drake, Well, petroleum, pipelines, crude, oil