Abstract This paper explains that gothic novels often establish a sense of mystery which is aided, to a greater or lesser extent, by some involvement with supernatural forces, often relying on religious
conventions for expression in the text. In Charlotte Bronte's "Jane Eyre", this sense of religious or supernatural mystery allows Jane to expostulate from her double-narrative point of view on the suspicious happenings at Thornfield House, where Jane is employed as a governess. The author points out that the role of religion can be seen in many ways in the novel using the characters Mr. Brocklehurst, St. John Rivers, Jane (the protagonist) and Rochester as the opposite of the role of religion. The paper relates that "Jane Eyre" takes place in a
society plagued by situations in which women are regarded as religious angels who are kept in a state of either decorative consumption or holistic servitude.
From the Paper "When Jane is relating to Mr. Brocklehurst at the school, he is a religious figure who gives mandates and constantly draws attention to the faults of others. Like St. John Rivers later in the novel, this character represents what Jane sees to be religious authority, and its goal towards her life is apparently repressive in nature. "And I was placed there, by whom I don't know: I was in no condition to not particulars; I was only aware that they had hoisted me up to the height of Mr. Brocklehurst's nose, and that a spread of shot orange and purple silk pelisses, and a cloud of silvery plumage extended and waved
below me. (He said) 'You see she is yet young... Who would think that the Evil One had already found a servant and agent in her?'" (Bronte). It can be seen therefore that Brocklehurst represents a sort of oppression over Jane in terms of influencing perceptions of her early in the novel."
Tags: bildungsroman, supernatural, mystery, double-narrative, women
Abstract This paper looks at dream sequences in Dostoevsky's novels "The Double" and "Crime and Punishment" and analyzes how they allow the reader to understand more about the psychology of the characters in a way that would be difficult to portray in the character's waking thoughts and actions.
From the Paper "In both The Double and Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky describes dream sequences that are very revealing about the fears of Mr. Golyadkin and Raskolnikov. Using his characters? nightmares as a way to convey something about their psychology allows Dostoevsky to reveal the characters? mental state with an untainted honesty that is not possible in their thoughts and actions. In this way, Dostoevsky is able to crystallize and clarify the characters? deepest fears. In particular, the examination of Golyadkin's dream about his double turning everyone against him reveals that his peers? opinions of him are of the highest importance to him, and as such, his great fear is that others will dislike him. Raskolnikov's dream about the horse reveals his fear of his own weakness, his fear and repression of his past, and his fear of his own humanity and capacity for compassion."
Abstract This paper describes double lung transplants and then outlines briefly the manners in which the transplant is to be survived considering the factors working against the individual.
Abstract This paper applies narrative therapy to the counseling of two clients. The paper begins by describing the therapeutic approach of narrative therapy. Then the paper demonstrates how narrative therapy was used in the case of an 11-year old boy and a 14-year old boy.
From the Paper "Narrative therapy is based on the fundamental belief that people can engage in a constant process of re-authoring the stories of their lives. By recognizing that their choice of appropriate language can enable them to reshape their consciousness and understand..."
Tags:narrative therapy, externalizing, co-construction, alternative stories, stories
Abstract This paper examines the use of the literary device, framed narrative, in Nabokov's "Lolita." First, the paper defines the term framed narrative. It then suggests that this device was used in "Lolita" because of the novel's controversial content. Finally, the author suggests that Nabokov may have used framed narrative to protect himself, and possibly his position as a tenured professor.
From the Paper "As for Nabokov's note at the end, called "On a Book Entitled Lolita" (pp. 313-319), Lolita's true author ("Foreword" included), Vladimir Nabokov, comes clean immediately, in the first line of this "afterward" note to the reader, about his "impersonation of suave John Ray" (Nabokov, Lolita, p. 313). Nabokov then tells us in detail about both the genesis of, and the creative processes that went into his writing of Lolita, assuring us along the way that (1) the original idea for Lolita was a very old one, and has in fact seen several metamorphoses, on two continents, before finally emerging into the public eye, as the book it is today; (2) his urge to write it was solely a literary one (and he has in fact been writing novels, in not one language but two, since 1924), and once the idea finally emerged into the raw form of a novel, he had no creative choice but (like an itch that simply must be scratched) to finish it; (3) that he had initially been reticent to sign his own name to the book; (4) that he is in fact a stably married man, with hobbies, interests, and a routine kind of life ("Every summer my wife and I go butterfly hunting" (p. 314)), and that this particular work, his own artistic creation Lolita, is a work of art, not pornography (". . . in pornographic novels, action has to be limited to the copulation of cliches", p. 315)"
Abstract This paper provides a biographical review of three Southern slaves: Moses Grandy, Solomon Northrup, and Henry Bibb. The biographies are based on slave narratives, which describe the brutality and inhumanity of the conditions under which slaves in the South were forced to exist. A brief discussion about the historical context of slave narratives and anti-slavery movements precedes the biographical reviews.
From the Paper "The effects of slavery included a major role in the economic development of the United States. Black slaves helped to clear the American wilderness and build important canals, railroads, and roads. The cotton which slaves picked became the nation's most valuable, and therefore important, export. The income from cotton paid for a major share of American imports, and the westward expansion of slavery during the early and mid-1800's had important political effects. ?Northerners feared that the South would gain control of Congress if Western territories entered the Union as slave states. Attempts by the North to exclude slavery from these territories angered the South and helped bring on the American Civil War (1861-1865)? (Davis 1999:3). Slavery had a variety of effects on slaves and owners. It broke the spirit of many blacks but made many others vow to resist it. Slavery caused fear and hate between most owners and slaves. The following narratives provide a glimpse into the miserable and dehumanizing qualities of the day- to-day lives of slaves in the Old South."
Abstract This paper is an interpretive essay presenting the concepts of narrative therapy that occur in Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Rick Bragg's book, "All Over But the Shoutin". The paper explains that the book is considered as a therapeutic narrative of autobiographical memory and looks at how the concept of "re-authoring" applies.
From the Paper "In Narrative Therapy people re-author their lives or story by defining their own existence, thereby constructing reality by choices made to give meaning to a life. This type of therapy may be viewed as a protest against the socially imposed dominant narrative and a means of making sense of a lived experience. People can be seen as problems or as stories that allow multiple possibilities. Award winning writer Rick Bragg uses the concepts of narrative therapy in his book "All Over But the Shoutin", turning it into a therapeutic narrative...
Abstract This paper studies the concept of suturing which is defined in many different ways such as sewing something back together, gesture or pseudo-identification, the individual watching a film as a stand-in for the camera and more. It looks at the filmmaker Ranier Werner Fassbinder's work 'Despair' as an example of a film that attempts to undercut notions of the gazer of the film becoming sutured into the web of the film and of becoming socially subjected to the predetermined constructions of reality within the film's text. Finally, it concludes that the destabilizing of a master narrative with the particularity of autobiography is better than the complicated suturing.
From the Paper "On a very literal level, to suture something is to sew something back together, usually imperfectly, usually with a substance that is alien to the body that is being altered?such as the doctor's suturing thread that stitches together an open wound. On a semiotic level, according to Jacques-Alain Miller, Miller's definition of suture (in a nutshell) is that the suturing process in culture is the process through which a subject is joined into the signifying chain of culture, allowing a signifier to stand-in for the subject's absence in discourse. (Suture as a Laconian Concept) "
Abstract This paper looks at the slave narrative, "Never Had Over Two Dresses". by Betty Foreman Chessie about how Chessier's life as a slave isolated her from her family. It examines the benefits of being a house slave in an urban area than a field slave and the role of faith in her existence.
From the Paper "Betty Foreman Chessier never had over two dresses. Born on July in Raleigh North Carolina she grew up in the waning days of the foul institution called slavery. As a result of this her life was a direct product of the racism that defined this nation..."
Abstract In this paper the author looks at the biographical typology of the conversion narrative, the structurally and thematically fixed point of the conversion, the consistent intrusion of a double perspective and the allegories of spiritual progress that appear in Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe". He analyzes these points to show that they all provide the narrative with moments of coherence and meaning. The author looks at "Robinson Crusoe" not as a spiritual autobiography, or even properly a conversion narrative; but as a tangential account of Crusoe's life which intrudes only along the margins of the narrative, with flashes of coherence and pattern that serve to set off the general experience of the narrator. He looks at this as an experience which tends toward wandering, indirectness and confusion. In conclusion, the author states that the beginning of the novel "Robinson Crusoe" is actually the end of the novel where the course of human life is only touched by completeness and in doing so Defoe is cleverly telling the reader about the confusion of human experience.
From the Paper "The genius of Defoe's novel partly lies in the association of these two antithetical narrative structures into a single narrative. Defoe had his eye on the Puritan conversion narrative but also on the earlier long fiction of the seventeenth century, the romance. The conversion narrative, in particular the spiritual autobiography, often appears to lend the narrative pattern and coherence. The adventure or romance narrative offers Defoe not only a structure for the piling on of wonders and variety, but undercuts the coherence and meaning inherent in the conversion narrative, and ultimately the patterning of history or biography in any sense. Spiritual autobiography fails to supply an organizing principle for Crusoe's life, despite the narrator's attempts, because Crusoe's underlying "malaise", his integral restlessness, 2 constantly thrusts his life out of the enclosures imposed by the conversion event."
Abstract The legal concept of ?Double Jeopardy? is a rather simple one to define and to understand; but .application of the Double Jeopardy standard is anything but easy or simple. The paper describes Double Jeopardy as a limitation in court proceedings that the same person cannot be tried for the same crime twice, regardless of the verdict or outcome of the first trial. But, as with all legal procedures and rules of order, there are exceptions to the rule. The paper shows that in cases where new evidence is found that can demonstrate a person's innocence, a trial is considered warranted because the outcome could not adversely affect the person already convicted. If, however, the new evidence could prove an already determined innocent person guilty, then Double Jeopardy rules start being applicable. The paper concludes that Double Jeopardy actively prevents multiple prosecutions and overlapping punishments for the same crime.
From the Paper "The key issue in our modern application of Double Jeopardy is whether or not it was intended to just limit the actions of the executive and judicial branches, or whether it was meant to include actions of the legislative branch. The Court's seeming unwillingness to decide if the Clause protects against legislative incursions upon Double Jeopardy values accounts for most of the confusion in Double Jeopardy jurisprudence. By this, it is meant that the Double Jeopardy Clause either does or does not limit Legislative ability to create new and additional punishments for the same crime. For example, does Double Jeopardy prevent Congress from making a law that allows for a person to be given additional punishments for every person secondarily affected by a murder (while current practice is to punish the crime itself, this hypothetical law would allow for the same crime's punishment to be based upon the number of people in the family and community directly affected by the crime and to add additional years of punishment)."
Tags: jurisprudence, Supreme, Court, O., J., Simpson, Ex, Parte, Lange
This paper discusses the use of "doubles" in Joseph Conrad's "The Secret Sharer" and "Heart of Darkness" and Robert Louis Stevenson's "Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde".
Abstract This paper describes that in the use of "doubles", Joseph Conrad's "The Secret Sharer" and Robert Louis Stevenson's "Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde" are more nearly similar than either of those works are like Conrad's "Heart of Darkness". The author points out that in both "Secret" and "Jekyll", the doubles reside in one man and the doubles are clearly delineated, one good and the other evil, but in "Heart" both Kurtz and Marlow have doubles within them.The paper explains that the psychological issues of the uses of doubles in the three works are twofold: How is it that a man comes to be made aware of the evil within himself, and how does he respond when that confrontation takes place?
From the Paper "Conrad's The Secret Sharer is easily the most complex of the three stories, for it can be taken as the portrayal of both the double externalized and internalized. Clearly, in either case, Leggatt is meant to be the evil side of the young captain. The captain is kin to Marlow in that both set off on a journey, internally and externally, in relative innocence, and both end up far more aware of the evil in the world."
Abstract This paper discusses the Fifth Amendment, double jeopardy clause and the double jeopardy rule in England. The papre relates that, recently, England scrapped the 800-year old law to allow retrial of those defendants that had been acquitted of serious felony offenses. This paper visits the case of Mr. William Dunlop for the crime of murder and discusses the outcome of the case in detail. Several cases are also explored pertaining to the double jeopardy clause in the Fifth Amendment of the US Constitution. These cases help explain how the double jeopardy clause is affected by caselaw from the United States Supreme Court and how that influences the double jeopardy clause. The presentation before the courts of both sides of the issue presenting a pro/con or for/against are also discussed in detail.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Body of Paper
Conclusion
From the Paper "The prosecution can appeal prior to trial commencing (see Serfass v. United States, 420 U.S. 377 [1975]) where the judge has ordered the dismissal of the indictment against the defendant. The prosecution may appeal a ruling after jeopardy has attached itself to the proceedings but prior to the termination of the proceedings, so long as the trial did not produce a basis of innocence for the accused (see United States v. Scott, supra, 687). The prosecution may not appeal an acquittal. Even if the judge or jury order the acquittal, double jeopardy attaches itself after the acquittal has been established."
Abstract This paper argues that, despite ambiguities, the provision of double jeopardy provides important protections against tyranny, harassment, and malicious prosecution. Furthermore, there are already adequate exceptions to the double jeopardy rule to ensure against criminals being able to take advantage of such ?technicalities.? Given these arguments, this paper maintains that the double jeopardy rule must continue to be upheld.
From the Paper "The Fifth Amendment of the Constitution specifies a Double Jeopardy Clause. This clause expressly states that no person shall "be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb" (Constitution, Amendment V). This principle was enshrined expressly to protect individual citizens from excesses of the state or representatives of the government. The Fifth Amendment's provision regarding double jeopardy thus functions to protect individuals from harassment or tyranny by those in authority."
