Abstract The following discussion provides a detailed description of the life of Dorothea Dix, who sought to create new opportunities for the mentally ill to obtain specialized care and treatment for their problems. The writer discusses that her efforts led to the development of asylums and mental hospitals, which offered these individuals a means of discovery and hope that will not be forgotten.
From the Paper "The work of Dorothea Dix was highly significant during a transitional period in American History. Her strong desire to provide assistance to those with physical and mental problems facilitated a new wave of advancement in the care and treatment of the ill. During the 1800s, many of her ideas were considered to be radical and unconventional, yet she held a steadfast belief that individuals suffering from a variety of ills deserved improved treatment and opportunities for wellness. Throughout her life span, Dorothea Dix supported patient rights and the well being of those in need, and her legacy is primarily based upon these key principles. The following discussion will describe the life of Dorothea Dix in greater detail, emphasizing her life's work, determination, and courage in an attempt to reform the care and treatment of those affected by physical and mental impairments."
Abstract This paper examines Dorothea lange's famous controversial photograph: "Migrant Mother". The author looks at how the photograph became a symbol for propaganda for the New Deal. This photograph caused a stirr in the government and became a controversial topic. The author looks at the career of Dorothea Lange and her involvement in government.
From the paper:
"Dorothea Lange's "documentary" photograph, Migrant Mother, became a symbol for a plethora of causes after successfully being created as propaganda to legitimize the New Deal. When Dorothea Lange shot Migrant Mother, she had completed her transition from portraitist to documentary photography and was working with the Farm Security Administration. Lange's work was required to fit the New Deal's ideology handed down from the Roosevelt administration. In order to achieve these mandates, Lange significantly manipulated her subjects. Due to these actions, her photograph is easily adaptable. Migrant Mother not only catalyzed relief aid to the migrants; people later manipulated it into other symbols."
Abstract This paper examines the career of the photojournalist Dorothea Lange when it was a newly-forming profession and a field that was dominated by men. It analyzes how she did not start out to become a powerful force for social justice, but her compassion led her in that direction and away from the commercial photography that she began with. It looks at her considerable success in government, with her work for the Farm Security Administration and then with Life magazine in the 1940s, documenting people in their environments, including people in other countries. It evaluates how her accomplishments paved the way for other women journalists and photographers.
From the Paper "The obstacles placed in Lange's way were primarily created by those who did not want her to create her images and did not want other people to see them. This included the very government that had initially hired her. She was hired by the California and Federal Resettlement Administration initially, which did support her farm and migrant labor photo series. However, her efforts during World War II were not as appreciated. During this time, she focused on the forced relocation to internment camps and recorded the work of women and minority workers in wartime industries in California. This is the work that was suppressed in some instances, because the government did not want the images to appear and affect people (Dorothea Lange's "Migrant Mother", 1999)."
Tags: government, commercial, photography, life, women
Abstract This research examines the life, work and legacy of Dorothea Elizabeth Orem, a nursing theorist whose ideas emerged in the 1950s, exerting a great deal of influence on nursing education and practice. This paper analyzes Orem's theory, also known as the self-care deficit theory of nursing (SCDT).
From the Paper "Based on the assessment, the nurse may provide different degrees of "compensation" for the individual patient's "deficits" or relative inability to care for himself/herself(Orem, 1985). The theory is consistent with notions of wellness, preventive intervention, and patient empowerment that have been observed to foster recovery in a variety of venues and with a variety of illnesses (Shea, 1992; Neergaard, 1990)."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the work of Dorothea Orem and Imogene King in the world of nursing. According to the paper, both Orem and King have contributed considerably to the development of nursing science and conceptual theory. The paper goes on to review and discuss Orem and King's theories.
From the Paper "As far as nursing is concerned, both of these individuals see the importance of nursing as a helping and supportive field. Orem's emphasis is on art and technology to help someone care for him/herself, whereas King's is on meeting a social need and both individuals and groups who require healthcare. The emphasis on Orem's approach in on the patient doing as much as possible for him/herself; King's is on the interrelationship between the nurse and the patient. Orem's stress is on the immediate need of care and King is on a longer timetable of care from birth to illness to care of the dying in social settings."
Tags: nurses, patients, interpersonal, communication, holistic, health, biological, social
Abstract In this paper, the author discusses the purpose and rationale for using Dorothea Orem's self-care deficit theory of nursing (S-CDTN) in her women's health practice and the development of a plan to implement the self-care deficit theory in the author's workplace. The author also discusses possible barriers and challenges to implementation, presents evaluation criteria and critique of S-CDTN, and provides examples of S-CDTN relevant to the author's workplace.
Outline:
Theory Overview
Rational for Selecting Theory
Barriers and Challenges to Implementing Orem's Theory
Evaluation Criteria and Results
Theory Critique
From the Paper "Dorothea Orem, first published in 1971, developed her nursing theory independent of the medical model focusing on the autonomy of nursing practice and provided a link of relevant nursing knowledge to the requisites of clients needing health-related care (Koenig Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2002, chap. 6). The self-care deficit theory "expresses and develops the reasons why persons require nursing care" (Dennis, 1997, p. 11). The core of this theory and the first of the three theory components is self-care/dependent care. Her self-care theory focused on the recipient of nursing care versus the nurse provider. Self-care encompasses learned activities natural to all adults as they respond to internal and external (environment) input. Dependent care is actions the individual performs on behalf of children or adults due to health deviations or developmental age (Dennis, 1997, chap. 2). "
Abstract The paper discusses that although a number of nursing theories have been advanced over the years, some have had a more lasting impact than others and this is certainly the case with the nursing theory developed by Dorothea Orem. The paper notes that although Orem recently passed away her influence on nursing theory continues to expand around the world. This nursing theory summary paper provides an overview and discussion of Orem's nursing theory and paradigm, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "These two philosophical concepts serve as a basis for inclusion of educational strategies that assist students from disadvantaged backgrounds to meet required needs resulting from limitations related to finance, education, and/or culture". The paradigm developed by Orem includes the critical component of caring as the framework in which the theory is administered. For instance, Rami and Hansberry report, "Caring is the milieu in which the educational methodologies are planned, and includes awareness and acceptance of an individual's strengths and weaknesses" (p. 80). This level of caring requires a holistic approach to patient assessment and the formulation of appropriate clinical interventions."
A discussion of photographer Dorothea Lange and her work during the Great Depression, focusing on three of her most famous photographs, "White Angel Breadline," "Migrant Mother," and "Waiting To File Claims."
Abstract This paper discusses the photographer Dorothea Lange and her use of photography to document social issues such as the problems of poverty and the unemployed during the Great Depression. The author describes how Lange's work raises to a high level the tension between recording fact and deliberately creating symbols, and looks closely at how and why three of her most famous photographs, "White Angel Breadline," "Migrant Mother," and "Waiting To File Claims" became symbols of the Depression. Through Lange's photographs and dedication to bettering social conditions, she was able to accomplish her goal in improving American society. This paper contains figures.
From the Paper "It was during 1933 that Lange began her foray into the social world of depression. Lange observed the increasing number of unemployed workers in the streets of San Francisco and one day decided to take pictures of them. Compelled by the visible human anguish of the Great Depression, she traveled through the streets to a bread line that had been recently set up by White Angel, a wealthy woman living in San Francisco. She took several photographs that day but the most telling was the one of an "unshaven, hunched-up little man, leaning on a railing with a tin can between his arms, his hands clenched, the line of his mouth bitter, his back turned to those others waiting for a handout."
Abstract The paper focuses on the unhappy marriages of Dorothea to Casaubon, and Lydgate to Rosamund in "Middlemarch", where both were matches of convenience: either based upon ideals or materialistic ambition. The paper contrasts these marriages to the marriage between Mary and Fred who marry for love and are blissfully happy as well as the marriage between Mr. and Mrs. Bulstrode who loyally stay together. The paper concludes by emphasizing Eliot's message that marriages that are contracted for reasons other than love are doomed to failure.
Outline:
Introduction
Dorothea and Lydgate
From the Paper "When a woman got married at the time when Middlemarch was being written, she in effect gave herself, and anything she owned, to the man. Women could hold no property unless her husband allowed it, nor disobey him. He could beat her (so long as it was with a rod no wider than his thumb), or sell everything she owned to pay his debts. Wives were, at best, a chattel. The hateful wives and duplicitous suitors were not just a plot device; they were the story of women's lives in the nineteenth century. These facts should be borne in mind when considering the different roles of Marriage in Middlemarch."
This paper discusses the goodness in three Victoria characters: Tess, "Tess of the d"Urbervilles? by Thomas Hardy , Dorothea, "Middlemarch" by T.S. Elliot and Amy Dorrit, "Little Dorrit" by Charles Dickens.
Abstract This paper discusses the Victorian concept of female "goodness" as seen in three characters: Tess, Dorothea and Amy Dorritt. The paper illustrates that there is one unifying element in these three Victorian texts: The force of human goodness in one singular, good female protagonist. The paper author believes that these character present profoundly different views of the impact of goodness upon human life.
From the Paper "In contrast to Hardy, George Eliot wishes to stress the willed nature of goodness. "Middlemarch?s" main character, Dorothea Brooke, is willfully blind to the faults of her first husband, Causabon. Like the character, she is literally "short sighted" about small dogs lying in her footpath and refuses to see ?what is quite plain,? about human marriage as her sister quite astutely says. Dorothea has admirable desires, to create improved cottages to shelter individuals from the elements, but creates an unrealistic ideal of the scholar Causabon in her head, until it is revealed too plainly that he will make a cold husband and that his intellectual ideals are narrow and sterile. Dorothea also might be "too late", as it was for Tess, were it not for the convenient death of her older husband and her marriage (and subsequent disinheritance of fortune) to Will Ladislaw. Eliot, in contrast to Hardy, sees more of an element of moral choice in Dorothea's poor marital and sexual choice."
Abstract When the camera was invented, photographers learned that they no longer needed oil paint and brushes to capture a scene or a person. On film, they could now record the life and times of the period in which they lived, either from a sense of mission or simply to leave an accurate version of their life and times for others. This paper provides an in-depth look at the lives, times and works of several photographers who captured America's history on photographic film. The paper discusses Matthew Brady who documented the realities of the American Civil War, Jacob Riis who condemned the deplorable conditions in New York City at the end of the 19th Century and the unobtrusive Dorothea Lange who photographed the plight of the American people during the Great Depression and went on to become the first woman awarded a Guggenheim fellowship. The paper also discusses the works of Walker Evans who was hired by the Resettlement Administration to photograph the Depression and Lewis Hine who educated the American public on the plight of children working under deplorable conditions.
From the Paper "The most poignant and moving photographs from Lange's trip convey a mood rather than describing circumstances or activities: a man squatting at the edge of the field, a mother and child in the tent opening, a group of men staring at the photographers. The photographs are character studies showing the textures of skin and clothing with an artist's eye and depicting posture, gesture and gaze with an ethnologist's.
When the Depression came to an end with World War II, Lange changed subjects rather than give up her documentary photography. Three months after Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt ordered the relocation of Japanese-Americans into armed camps in the West. Soon after, the War Relocation Authority hired Lange to photograph Japanese neighborhoods, processing centers and camp facilities.
However, now Lange's feelings about what the government was doing gave her much discontent. She was not prepared to witness the disturbing racial and civil rights issues raised by Japanese internment. Lange quickly found herself at odds with her employer, the United States government."
Abstract This paper presents the background history of photography, in general, and the evolution of documentary photography. Documentary photography is described in the paper, illustrating its important role in documenting history. A biographical history of the photographer, Dorothea Lange, is provided in the paper. Some of her works are introduced and analyzed.
From the Paper "Life is documented daily, whether in newspaper photographs of world events, in feature magazines of faraway places and in photo albums of family snapshots. Essentially, all photography is a documentary of whatever is being photographed for whatever reason. However, traditionally, the mention of documentary photography brings up familiar images from a few twentieth century photographers, such as Ansel Adams, Walker Evans, Roy Stryker, Arthur Rothstein and Dorothy Lange, whose photographs have not only documented culture but has become a part of the culture itself."
Abstract This paper presents a brief biographical background of the English artist, Thomas Gainsborough. The paper explains that, although Gainsborough was famous for both portraiture and landscapes, he preferred landscape painting and only painted portraits for a living. The paper focuses on Gainsborough's "M/M Paul Governor and daughters Elizabeth and Dorothea" as an example of the realistic and lifelike nature of his portraits.
From the Paper "The Yale Center for British Art houses some fine examples of period art, including Thomas Gainsborough's M/M Paul Governor and daughters Elizabeth and Dorothea. According to the Yale Center website (http://www.ycba.yale.edu), the center was presented by Paul Mellon, class of 1929 and houses the largest and most comprehensive collection of British art outside of the United Kingdom. This fact alone was the motivating factor for my selecting the Yale Center in New Haven, Connecticut. The collection of British painting and other artistic mediums contributed to an outstanding exhibition that demonstrates what the Elizabethan period epitomized. There are 1900 paintings and over 100 sculpted pieces housed in the collection. The entire collection is reflective of the founder, Paul Mellon's artistic interests and taste."
Abstract This paper discusses the works of photographer, Lorna Simpson. The paper compares her to Dorothea Lange of the 1930s, who used photography to document the disastrous conditions for Americans confronted with the Dust Bowl in the West. The paper explains that Lange's images demonstrated the urgent need for government programs to assist these disadvantaged people. The paper highlights the parallel with Lorna Simpson's modern-day photographs that do the same: Document the American blacks and demonstrate their personal societal needs. The paper describes how this Brooklyn-born artist uses black-and-white images to portray the situation of present-day American blacks so that uninformed viewers can better understand these individuals' perception of the world.
From the Paper "In the 1930s, Dorothea Lange used photography to document the disastrous conditions for Americans confronted with the Dust Bowl in the West. The images demonstrated the urgent need for government programs to assist these disadvantaged people. The photographs told the entire story. Today, Lorna Simpson's photographs do the same: document the American blacks and demonstrate their personal societal needs. This Brooklyn-born artist uses black-and-white images to portray the situation of present-day American blacks so uninformed viewers can better understand these individuals perception of the world. "
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the traditional nursing theory of Dorothea Orem (Self-Care Deficit Theory)with the holistic theory of Martha Rogers (Science of Unitary Human Beings). It discusses self-care as a learned behavior.
From the Paper "Dorothea Orem and Martha Rogers are two prominent nursing theorists with distinct theories on nursing. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory originated in and included three corollary theories ... "
Tags: nursing theorists, Dorothea Orem, Martha Rogers, Self-Care Deficit Theory, Science of Unitary Human Beings
