Abstract This paper examines one particular chemical, dopamine, to determine its role in the regulation of mood, as well as its effects in cases of chemical imbalance. This paper is intended to provide a scientific look at the molecule. Several scientific tests are examined and cited. The author, in examining dopamine, also covers a wide variety of related topics, including alcohol and drug addiction.
From the Paper " Feeling well is important to everyone. Countless books, lectures, and small groups exist only to help people feel good about themselves. The state of happiness is controlled by many different factors, some that are external to an individual, and some that are internal. External factors would be any of those that occur outside of the individual, such as career related stress, status of relationships, and even the realization of some goal or accomplishment. Internally, or biologically, there are also many things that influence happiness and well-being. These biological factors can respond to external stimuli, or in the case of chemical imbalances, have configurations that are not controlled by any stimuli, but seem to act on their own. "
Tags: analyze, biology, chemistry, dopamine, medical, neurotransmitter, science, test
Abstract This paper discusses the role dopamine plays in pleasure and motivation, thinking, schizophrenia, psychosis and Parkinson's Disease, all of which are related to insufficient or overabundance of dopamine in the brain. L-Dopa and its role in crossing the blood-brain barrier is also briefly mentioned.
From the Paper "Dopamine is a chemical compound found in the brains of all humans, produced naturally by the body. It is a neurotransmitter produced by the hypothalamus and plays a major role in several important physiological and psychological aspects of human development. Dopamine has at least five different receptors and four major pathways through the brain, all of which indicate different functions in the body (Blum; "Dopamine"). This paper will look at some of those functions and roles that dopamine plays, and discuss some of the more important aspects in psychological development and pathology. One of the more recently understood roles of dopamine is that it plays an important role in the creation of desire and motivation, the wanting something or wanting to do something, not just sexual desire, although it does affect that as well. "
This paper examines the vital role adults play in instilling confidence and self-esteem in young children and ponders whether a high self-esteem automatically results in children achieving more than those with lower self-confidence.
Abstract The writer of this paper explores the conflicting research which argues that high self-esteem in children does not necessary lead to higher achievements. This paper details the signs of low self-esteem in young children as well as tips and suggestions for improving a child's self-esteem. Also discussed in this paper is the correlation between children with low self-esteem problems and the rising incidents of school violence and the important role both parents and teachers must play in instilling a high level of self-confidence in young children from the start.
From the Paper "Increasing your children's self-esteem is very important. We can see that now more than ever with all the killings in schools. Evidently these children are angry with someone or something. Listening to your children and teaching them how to control their anger is a very important technique that all parents need to learn before our children end up becoming extinct. When self-esteem is promotion in relation to achievement please make sure it fits that achievement."
Tags: child, development, self, esteem, confidence, goals, education, achievement, research
Abstract This is a review of an article on self-esteem. The article shows that often self-verification may lead to higher or lower self-esteem. In fact, one incident of failure in self-verification can cause a person to lower their self-esteem.
Abstract This paper presents a proposal on the effects of self-esteem on school perceptions, academic identification, and school dropout. The paper looks at the long term effects of school dropout and the effect of peers and the home on school self-esteem. The paper includes a quantitative data collection plan.
From the Paper "School dropout remains a problem with long-term effects on economic opportunities for the individual and society ..."
A discussion regarding high self-esteem and how it promotes positive illusion in intimate relationships, which, in turn, motivates an approach that will enhance the relationship.
Abstract This research proposal examines the relationship between self-esteem and the quality of romance in terms of the couples' perceived regard and their own satisfaction of the relationship. The paper aims to describe the importance of positive illusion as a mediator of the perception of the intimates. The paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of such positivity and how it relates to self-esteem. The paper further discusses the impact it has on the relationship quality and whether illusion or reality is more important?
Outline:
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
From the Paper "People with high self-esteem are somehow more motivated to repair their mood and are more likely to take the initiative to action in some way that would make them happier. (Heimpel et al. 2002) High self-esteem beings are more satisfied with their intimate relationships due to protection of self-worth and positive illusions. However, as much as these individuals idealize their relationship with their partner, there bound to be times when the conflict is too perceptible that challenges their belief in a perfect relationship; this should be when high and low self-esteem people differ with each other. If high self-esteem people do indeed have higher motivation to make themselves feel better; the hypothesis is that when positive illusions cannot play a role in repairing the negative feeling towards the relationship because the conflict is too overt, there is a high likelihood for high self-worth individuals to adopt the approach commitment (rather than the avoidance commitment) which is proven to be positively associated with relationship satisfaction. In other words, the reason for the tendency for high self-esteem people be more satisfied with their relationships is that their style of commitment which can enhance the intimate relationship. "
Abstract This paper looks at a chapter which makes a comparison between low levels of self-esteem in high school students and the high prevalence of cliques. The first part summarizes and details the workings of the article, while the rest analyzes the writing.
From the Paper "The article entitled "Kicking Back at Raging High" begins with provocative questions of high interest regarding self-esteem issues for teenagers and comparisons between cliques in high schools. As the chapter reveals more and more descriptive information regarding these cliques, however, it begins to lose its appeal as it focuses on statements which appear trite in comparison to the insight of the opening remarks. While the ideas in this piece are informative and true, further comparisons into the nature of cliques and the psychology lurking behind each one which feeds into low self-esteem would have lead to a more insightful and captivating article. "Raging High" begins revealingly with three scenarios of maladaptive high school students, and then jumping immediately to what the author believes is the crucial issue at hand: self-esteem."
Abstract The paper analyzes dopamine's chemical application and explains the neurochemistry aspects of the brain. The paper looks at recent drugs that act upon dopamine receptors to inhibit sleep and examines their cost and effectiveness.
Outline:
Role of Dopamine in Human Sleep/Wake Cycle
Chemical Application of Dopamine Recent Drugs that Act upon Dopamine Receptors to Inhibit Seep
Cost and Effectiveness
From the Paper "Dopamine is a biogenic amine, catecholamine (an amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine, hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in the CNS (Central Nervous System) to manage and/or organize emotion, cardiovascular, hormonal, renal, locomotion and cognitive processes. Dopamine was discovered by two great scientists: Arvid Carlsson and Nils-Ake Hillarp at a Heart Laboratory in Sweden. Arvid Carlsson won a Pulitzer Prize for his discovery. Dopamine is synthesized in the hypothalamus of the brain as this controls every endocrine gland in the body. Many changes occur in the neurotransmitter levels of the brain, which evolves wake/sleep cycles."
A review of Bruce G. Mockett's report "Dopamine D1/D5 Receptor Activation Fails to Initiate an Activity-Independent Late-Phase LTP in Rat Hippocampus".
Abstract This paper reviews and discusses a report by Bruce G. Mockett on research that focused on some key issues of the problem of the dopamine system. The paper describes the purpose of the research, theoretical assumptions underlying the research, the methods used in the research, the main findings of the research and its contributions.
From the Paper "As it is well known catecholamines play an important role in the regulation of the vital functions. Understanding the mechanisms of the neuromodulation is a crucial point for the modern psychopharmacology, behavioral sciences, neurophysiology. One of the most urgent questions is clarification of the cellular mechanisms of the principal mental functions: memory, cognition and emotions. Explanations for multiple receptors with similar ligand specificity include subtype-specific differences in distribution or developmental expression (Lezcano N., Bergson C., 2002). Thus, dopamine transmission is mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors. They mark them out into five groups: D1-like (D1 and D5 subtypes) and D2-like (D2-D4 subtypes). The D1 subtype is the most prevalent dopamine receptor in brain. Recent researches gave evidence that the D1-like receptors take part in modulating motor, cognitive and reward behavior is well established. There is evidence that D1-like receptors can modulate various forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), in the various cerebral structures including neocortex, hippocampus and striatum."
Abstract This paper examines how educators, parents, business and government leaders recognize the need to develop individuals with healthy or high self-esteem, since high self-esteem is associated with positivism, constructiveness, responsibility and trustworthiness, while low self-esteem usually means the opposite. It aims to address the significance of self-esteem, as related to both adolescents and adults, in an effort to determine what self-esteem is, why people suffer from low self-esteem and how people measure self-esteem. It examines three recent research projects, as well as relevant background information.
Outline
Introduction
About Self-Esteem Consequences of Low Self-Esteem The Role of Self-Esteem in Adolescence
Measuring and Pursuing Self-Esteem Conclusion
From the Paper "This concept of self-esteem is strongly correlated with a sense of competence and worthiness and the relationship between the two (Reasoner, 2000). The worthiness aspect of self-esteem is often misunderstood as positive feelings about oneself, when it actually is tied to whether or not a person lives up to certain fundamental human values, such as gaining a sense of integrity and satisfaction. A sense of competence refers to the conviction that one is generally capable of producing desired results, having confidence, and making appropriate choices and decisions."
Abstract This paper argues that the development of a positive self-esteem in children largely depends on the caring, appreciative, loving and uncritical approach towards parenting. It shows that parents, by way of their conduct, can either damage and in the process create potential criminals or create a healthy self esteem in children and make them blossom as ideal citizens.
Paper Outline:
Self Esteem Family Violence and Self Esteem Negative and Positive Self Esteem Role of Parents
Unconditional Love
Exemplifying Good Qualities
Appreciation
Avoiding Comparison
Creating a Healthy Home
Special Attention
From the Paper "Juvenile gangs are in effect the result of the psychological need to be recognized. The urge for attention and appreciation is unquenched in these children and so they resort to violent methods with a view of attracting attention. So we see that children, if not properly approached, tend to become self-depreciative and join obnoxious anti social elements. A study conducted by Johnson et .al in 1997 revealed that the majority of Juvenile delinquents had a very low self-esteem and that the reason for failure of juvenile programs is the serious lack of consideration of this vital aspect. The study highlighted the importance of properly organized juvenile correction programs based on the improvement of self-esteem [Johnson .P.S, 1977]. It is clear, therefore, that proper parental attention is indispensable for the positive emotional growth of children."
Abstract This paper analyzes developing self-esteem and what factors can affect it. Self-Esteem is the collection of beliefs or feelings that people have about themselves, grown through experience and time. How people define themselves hugely influences their motivations, attitudes, and behaviors. Self-esteem is developed from childhood. For this reason, it is highly important for adults to help children with self-esteem. Adults also need to be equipped with tools that boost self-esteem.
Abstract This paper examines how jealousy is an ever-present phenomenon that can have negative consequences on romantic relationships. It looks at how jealousy is more prevalent in relationships where one or both parties have low self-esteem. It analyzes how this feeling of inadequacy leads to other negative feelings as well, including loneliness, powerlessness, and relational uncertainty among others. The relationship between self-esteem and jealousy is examined, noting other significant variables that have an influence on both self-esteem and jealousy, as well as the manner in which jealousy is handled.
Outline
Self-Esteem and Jealousy
Self-Esteem and Expression of Jealousy
Expression of Jealousy and Relational Outcome
From the Paper "People with low self esteem are often the ones likely to experience the greatest amount of jealousy and to mistrust their partner. This incessant jealousy leads the party with low self esteem to grow increasingly dissatisfied with the relationship. Rotenberg, Shewchuk, and Kimberly (2001) took the information that lonely individuals have low self esteem and are generally dissatisfied with romantic relationships. They went on to determine whether this loneliness and powerlessness may be connected to jealous behavior and expression. They found the correlation to be positive; jealousy is related to loneliness and powerlessness which in turn might possibly affect one's self esteem."
This paper is a complete research project including an extensive bibliography, studying the relationship of body image and self-esteem of girls and boys, ages 9 and 10, from Glasgow, England.
Abstract This paper explains that the intention of this study was to determine how early in their lives children, especially girls, are influenced by the media concerning their body image;and if that influence has any profound or pronounced effect, if the exposure begins during the pre-pubescent period. The author used (1) a self-assessment questionnaire of girls and boys, ages 9 and 10, from two different schools administered by the classroom teacher during regular class sections coupled with (2) the teacher's assessment of the child's self-esteem. This paper concludes that, more significantly with girls than with boys, weight and body image are inextricably linked as early as age nine with children already incorporated concerns of attractiveness as powerful indicators of how these children evaluate their own self-esteem. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Media influence
Other Influences on Body Image and Self-Esteem in Girls
Taking Objectification a Step Further
The Effect of Body Image in Adolescence
Factors Suggesting the Need for Child-Centred Body-Image/Self-Esteem Studies
Rationale
Hypotheses
Methods
Social Comparisons to Models and Peers
Body Image Satisfaction
Body Mass Index
Results
Relationships between Body Dissatisfaction and Reported Social Comparison
Correlations Between Body Dissatisfaction and Social Comparisons to Models and Peers by Gender
Multiple Regressions of Body Dissatisfaction on BMI, Grade, and
Attractiveness Attributes by Gender
Means and Standard Deviations for Social Comparison to Models and Same-Sex Peers by Gender
Teacher Assessments of Self-Esteem Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Because of the ages of the children in the study, it was decided that the best way to assess self-esteem would be to interview the teachers of the children concerning which children suffered from low self-esteem, and then correlate their answers with those of the children. An almost 100 percent correlation was found among girls between higher weights and low self-esteem. For boys, the correlation between body shape was stronger than the correlation with weight per se. It is easy to conclude, therefore, that "Whether or not they are too heavy, females who see themselves as overweight show decreased satisfaction with their bodies, reduced levels of self-esteem, and lowered psychosocial well-being, as compared with males, in general, and with females who do not consider themselves overweight.""
Abstract The paper examines the importance of a healthy self-esteem at the preschool age. The paper explains that this age can be especially vulnerable to the development of self-esteem since the students are being bombarded with social, emotional and academic decisions often for the first time. The paper discusses methods that a preschool teacher can use to help increase students' self-esteem, such as providing opportunities for the students to succeed, offering positive feedback and using projects and ideas that build on a child's ability to problem solve.
Outline:
Introduction
A Bird's Eye View of Self Esteem Issues
How It Fits Together
What Teachers Can do to Help Students Develop Healthy Self Esteem Conclusion
From the Paper "Preschool can arguably be said to be one of the most crucial points in a child's development. A child in preschool is exploring options not just from an academic standpoint but also from a social and emotional arena. Preschool students are often introduced to structured learning for the first time while also being faced with lessons in playing in groups, learning to share and allowing others to be in charge when it comes to games and other activities. The preschool students in most settings come in an array of ages. At this stage of a human life, the social and emotional level of children the same age can vary widely as the students leave the security of their home life and get their bearings in a larger setting. All of these factors contribute to the development of the preschooler student's self esteem."
