Abstract
This paper presents the background history of the black singing quartet, "The Ink Spots". The paper discusses their music achievements and awards received over the years. The paper contends that this group were pathfinders, paving the way for many groups to find success, both from the 'doo-wop' and from the rhythm and blues movements.

From the Paper
"Their first huge smash was the still-lovely, timeless "If I didn't Care," with those patented, mystically soaring tight harmonies, which sold 19 million records and was followed by a string of big hits including: "My Prayer," "We Three," "Maybe," and "When the Swallows Come Back to Capistrano." They maintained their faithful following into the early 1950s, and, according to the Hall of Fame biographical information, "became one of the first acts to break down racial barriers by performing at previously all-white Southern venues." "

Tags:jazz, rock, roll

Abstract
This paper describes the approach Ishmael Reed took to write his novel, "Mumbo Jumbo" and then presents an analysis of the novel's main characters. The paper also discusses Reed's use of cinematic techniques in writing "Mumbo Jumbo" and explains that the central purpose of the novel is to present a paranoid theory explaining all of history, from ancient Egypt to the present day, in terms of a struggle between two opposing camps.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Ishmael Reed's Approach
Main Characters
Mumbo Jumbo as a the Voo Doo Theory of History
Anachronism in the Novel
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo (1972), his third and, perhaps, best novel, is an improvisation on the conventional detective narrative. Set in Harlem during the 1920s, the novel ingeniously employs cinematic techniques to juxtapose fact and fiction, ancient and modern history. It follows the cyclical path of HooDoo detectives PaPa LaBas and Black Herman in tracking down the Western conspiracy to destroy the creative spirit and vitality of man, which Reed calls Jes Grew, and to supplant it with the repressive order of Western civilization, whose museums are Centers of Art Detention for the treasures from Africa, Asia, and South America."

Tags:hatred, white, supremacism, black, nationalism, prescriptive, principles, feminism, collusion, racists, denigrating

Abstract
This paper discusses the life and career of Elvis Presley, and evaluates his leadership skills by comparing them with Thomas Nelson Maxwell's book, "21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership." The writer describes how during Elvis' early career he remained true to his core principles and values, and had a strong sense of his personal goals. As he advanced in his career, his musical talents were diluted as he became subject to less positive and more rapacious influences, and allowed himself to be swayed by people who did not have his best interests at heart. The writer explains that from 1961 Presley quit performing and spent eight years making movies, which did not satisfy his artistic standards. When Elvis returned to the concert stage in the 1970s, his abilities began to be affected by his long-standing prescription drug abuse. The paper concludes that despite his leadership and influence Elvis died alone and unsatisfied, feeling he had lost his personal and professional integrity.

From the Paper
"According to Maxwell's 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, the first and most important principle of showing leadership is "The Law of the Lid" which states that honing one's leadership ability and sense of mission determines success, not relying upon the promotional skills, ideas, and abilities of other people. Of course, Elvis Presley had great PR support in becoming "the first real rock and roll star," but his charisma was not manufactured, and his style was uniquely his own. Elvis' talent was spotted early on, but the nature of his appeal was not crafted in a public relations or advertising studio. He was a unique combination, a fusion of the two competing strains of popular music vying for teen attention: "A white southerner who singing blues laced with country and country tinged with gospel, Presley brought together music from both sides of the color line.""

Tags:doo-wop, gospel, rhythm, crooner, charisma, country, sexuality, adolescent

Abstract
This paper discusses selected works of the actress, Sarah Michelle Gellar. The paper describes each selected work and provides critiques by several different entertainment critics to illustrate the differing opinions of her acting ability. The writer points out the evident difference of opinions of her television roles as opposed to her film roles.

From the Paper
"Although young, actress Sarah Michelle Gellar has proven herself to be a formidable actress in many different types of situations. The actress has appeared in commercials, television shows, TV movies, and even a few films as well. Although young, she has quickly become one of the most marketable faces of the teenage demographic. However, being marketable does not necessarily mean that a person is a good actor/actress. In this situation, the reviews are quite mixed as some critics completely adore her work and others say that she is lacking in acting ability."

Tags:acting, buffy, critique, doo, review, scooby, slayer, theatre, vampire

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to compare the economic development of South Korea with that of the Philippines from 1960 to the present. In 1960, both of these Far Eastern countries were equally underdeveloped economically, but today South Korea's per capita income is several times that of the Philippines. Why, in the last 35 years, has South Korea experienced such dramatic growth, while the Philippines has stagnated? This paper looks at how each country's culture, political leaders, economic policies and foreign trade policies have affected their growth rates.

Paper Outline:

I. Pre-1960
A. South Korea
1. Confucian Culture
2. Education
B. Philippines
1. Wealth and Poverty
2. Education
II. Economic Policies
A. South Korea
1. Five-year Plans
2. Growth under Authoritarian Rule
B. Philippines
1. Labor Laws
2. Trade Barriers
III. Foreign Trade
A. Exports
B. Import Substitution
IV. Leadership
A. South Korea
1. Authoritarian
2. Committed to Economic Development
B. Marcos
1. Martial Law
2. Corruption
3. Economic Collapse

From the Paper
"The first five-year plan caused rapid growth, largely by devaluing the won and restructuring the system of taxation and tariffs in such a way as to promote an increase in industrial exports (Han 166). It also caused rapid inflation due to government deficits and a 60 percent increase in the money supply (Brown 51). The second plan (1967-71) sought to correct the problems of the first by reducing government spending (Brown 52-3) while continuing to give tax deductions to industries that were expanding their exports (60)."

Tags:Park, Chung, Hee, Park, top-down, process, Chun, Doo, Hwan

Abstract
The paper is an in-depth study of the history of hip hop dance, from before and after the 1970s, and its effects on society. It explores how this type of dance is unlike other dance forms and the elements that make it up. There are no fixed forms to dance, but only styles. The rest is up to the dancer. It is a style of dance for all society giving the freedom to all to dance according to their desires. The paper also shows how hip hop is very much an American product. The hip hop trend enables the path for several dancers, and at the same time it also fosters and promotes more suggestive dance moves. The paper provides clear indications of the effects on culture; some hip hop is racist in theme, while others are sexist. Many hip hop musicians concentrate on such issues like social inequity and the dangers of heroin use. The conclusion is that hip hop is more than just music. It is becoming the soul of pop culture as never before, and steadily moving from the street corners and music videos towards usage in the fitness centers, dance studios as well as television shows.

From the Paper
"Hip hop may be viewed as a culture and is often used to refer to commercial rap music, but hip-hop is not only music. It is loved by the American ghetto youth who claim that it is their method of self-expression and use hip hop to rise over their physical situations. The culture of hip hop has its roots based on truth, self-determination, courage and pride. This is the reason why it has grown to have its impact on almost every part of the world. (Hip-hop History) Some hip hop is racist in their themes, while others are sexist. At the same time, there are also many hip hop musicians who concentrate on such issues like social inequity and the dangers of heroin use. From its early days in the US, the music is being played in projects and some underground clubs, but, now it has achieved a profile that has led to include it in the 1992 presidential debates over Sister Soljah. In the 20th Century Fox movie, Bulworth, there is Warren Beatty playing a Senator who berates his opponents using rap. Hip hop, it would seem, has become a part of our lives. (Classified Hip-Hop or I wanna blow up like Marilyn Monroe's skirt) At the same time, hip hop is not only music. This form of dancing has become very popular and this is clear from the opinions of some experts. "There's a definite surge in the white neighborhood that wouldn't necessarily be exposed to hip-hop in their everyday life," says Keith Pinto, who is an MC and hip-hop dance teacher at the Dance Attack in Los Gatos, California. "They watch MTV, see other kids doing it and want to be a part of it. You can pretty much go to any dance studio in the Bay area and they'll have a hip-hop class." (Hip-hop dance fever)"

Tags:break, dance, graffiti, rapping, afrika, bambaataa, grandmaster, flash, universal, zulu, nation, scratch, rapping, djing, don, campbellock, bboying, scooby-doos, popping, boogaloo, krump, popping