Abstract
This paper examines how "The House on Mango Street" by Sandra Cisneros addresses themes of home, family, poverty and self-identity. It looks at how the narrator's need for a home is very much related to her economic situation, her dreams for and frustrations towards her family, and her need to have a place of her own free from the constraints she finds both inside and outside her present domicile.

From the Paper
" Her experience is that "home" is a dream that looks bleak from the poverty of Mango Street. For example, she says, "I knew then I had to have a real house. A real house. One I could point to. But this isn't it. The House on Mango Street isn't it. For the time being, Mama says. Temporary says Papa. But I know how those things go". For the main character, a real home is something distant and cloudy, something she can only look forward to in her dreams. She really desires a home where she can feel like she belongs, a home not just solid on the outside, but on the inside as well. "

Tags:home, belonging, displacement, poverty

From the Paper
"Family Law and the Conflict of Laws: Great Britain and California


This paper will examine the development of the conflict of laws as it pertains to Family Law in England and California. The first part of the paper will give a brief discussion of the history of the subject in England and the United States, including the problem of federalism and foreign country law in the United States. The second part of the paper will examine the current state of the law in England, concentrating on the jurisdiction of English courts to issue decrees in matters involving parties not necessarily domiciled or resident in England and the recognition of foreign decrees in England. The third part of the paper will provide the same treatment for California law. Particular attention will be paid in both parts to divorce, maintenance or support, and child custody decrees."

Abstract
This paper provides a background of the problem of elder abuse followed by a review and discussion of the relevant literature. The study uses a retrospective review of adverse patient incident reports in selected Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) and domiciles in the United States. The paper determines what controlling legislation is in place and the associated responsibilities for healthcare practitioners. It notes that the next step involves detecting and substantiating cases of elder abuse when they occur or are suspected of having occurred. The paper further discusses what should be done when abuse has taken place. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion, where it is noted that virtually all sources suggest the rates of elder abuse are on the increase. However, the definitions of elder abuse have been sufficiently codified in recent years that such incidents can be identified and, when appropriate, reported, investigated and actions can be taken to prevent such abuse in the future.

From the Paper
"Today, there are more elderly than ever before, and their numbers are expected to increase as a percentage of the population in the coming years (Litwin & Zoabi, 2004). Based on this increase in numbers of elderly citizens, it is also reasonable to assume that there will be a concomitant increase in the incidence of elder abuse as well. In fact, in recent years, elder abuse by family members has been identified as a growing problem in Western societies (Bergeron & Gray, 2003; Litwin & Zoabi, 2004); however, it is difficult or perhaps even impossible to know whether elder abuse is actually increasing or decreasing because there is a paucity of national prevalence studies (Litwin & Zoabi, 2004; Johnson, 1991; Ebersole & Hess, 1998). The data that is available, though, suggests that the incidence of elder abuse is on the increase, particularly among those aged 75 years and above (Pritchard, 1993). According to the National Elder Abuse Incidence Study, the most accurate national estimate is that a total of 449,924 elderly people, aged 60 years and over, were the victims of abuse and/or neglect in domestic settings alone in 1996 (p. 6). Furthermore, of that number, just 16 percent or so, or approximately 71,987 cases, were actually reported to elder protection agencies (Bergeron & Gray, 2003). This means that across the country, there were approximately 380,000 cases of elder abuse in the home that went unreported - which is not to say undetected - during that year. Moreover, the National Center on Elder Abuse estimated the number of elder abuse cases across the country in all settings to be from 820,000 to 1,860,000 (cited in Ebersole & Hess, 1998). In reality, though, it does not matter whether elder mistreatment is increasing or decreasing because the fact that some elder citizens continue to experience unnecessary suffering is adequate to warrant attention (Johnson, 1991)."

Tags:healthcare, practitioner, protection, initiatives, reporting, investigating, treating, gerontology

Abstract
This paper cites passages in the epic, "The Tragedy of Sohrab and Rostam", that illustrate the themes of bravery, valor, and morality. This is followed by a discussion of each theme's significance in illustrating effectiveness, not only as a work of literature, but as a work reflecting the Persian nation's unique culture and society.

From the Paper
"Sohrab and Rostam as powerful warriors is a reflection of the kind of society that Persians and Moslem nations are living in. Considered great warriors, Moslem men are expected to be brave and must protect their families and villages from potential harm from their enemies. Notice that Rostam happened to marry Tahmineh only to redeem Rakush, who was captured by Tahmineh's people. If it were not for Rakush's capture, Rostam would not have thought of marrying Tahmineh, and would continue on being a warrior for his people. Similarly, Sohrab's life is dedicated to being a warrior, although he has one goal in life that he wanted to accomplish: to find his father Rostam and be acknowledged as the great warrior's son from Tahmineh."

Tags:hero, moslem, warriors, tahmineh, rakush, family, ties, women, domicile, values, collectivism