Abstract
This paper presents a literature review about domestic violence, focusing on both heterosexual and homosexual couples. First, the paper gives the definition of abuse as in the heterosexual and homosexual worlds. Then, statistics and the reasons why domestic violence occurs are also discussed. Additionally, the research points out the differences between the occurrence of domestic violence in straight and gay households. Finally the review explores the use of art therapy in assisting those who have dealt with domestic violence.


Outline:

Introduction
Domestic Violence
Prevalence of Domestic Violence in the Gay and Lesbian Community
Support for Same Sex Couples
Therapy for those effected by Domestic Violence
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Although both heterosexual and homosexual couples experience domestic violence the psychology of the abuse is somewhat different because the partners are the same gender. For instance, according to McLennan (2005) the patriarchal theory of domestic violence is not applicable to same sex couples. The author explains that this theory asserts that domestic violence is a result of cultures domination of men over women. As such it cannot properly explain violence within the context of same sex relationships. Although the patriarchal theory is inadequate as it pertains to providing an explanation for somesic violence amongst same sex couples, there are other theories that do provide some explanation. The authors explain "Island and Letellier (1991) attributed partner abuse to perpetrators' personality disorders. Renzetti (1996) asserted the feminist theory, with its emphasis on sociopolitical oppression of at-risk populations, underlies same-gender IPV. Integrating the former two theories, Merrill (1996) proposed the social psychological theory attributing IPV between same-gender partners to oppression, learned behaviors, and individual choices (McClennen, 2005)." The author points out that the social-psychological theory can explains gay male IPV, it does little to explain the domestic violence that occurs amongst lesbian women."

Tags:art therapy, patriarchal theory of domestic violence, same sex couples, trauma

Abstract
This paper reviews literature surrounding the issue of domestic violence. In particular, the work of Erin L. Han entitled "Mandatory Arrest and No-Drop Policies: Victim Empowerment in Domestic Violence Cases" is examined. This paper questions why domestic violence is a continued problem despite specific laws designed to prosecute perpetrators. Additionally, the author compares the length of sentences for males and females accused of domestic violence.

From the Paper
"The work of Erin L. Han entitled: "Mandatory Arrest and No-Drop Policies: Victim Empowerment in Domestic Violence Cases" states that "In recent decades, arrest and prosecution have been applied to perpetrators of domestic violence with increasing severity, representing an important step in recognizing domestic violence as a crime. Some jurisdictions have taken the war against domestic violence a step further, by employing aggressive "mandatory arrest" and "no-drop prosecution" policies." (n.d.) Han notes that the "...modern campaign against domestic violence" has "waged" for over forty years and yet "...the statistics are still appalling." (Ibid) Han states additionally the fact that approximately "two million American women are victims/survivors of domestic violence at the hands of their male partners." (Ibid) "

Tags:domestic, violence, abuse, sentencing, legislation

Abstract
This paper looks at domestic violence in India. It discusses the attitudes towards domestic violence, and the laws pertaining to domestic violence. It examines what needs to be done to protect women and to change attitudes towards domestic violence.

Tags:domestic, violence

Abstract
The paper examines the study by Pearlman et al. on how women of color may experience domestic violence that is police-reported more than do Caucasian women (Pearlman, Zierler, Gjelsvik, & Verhoek-Oftedahl, 2003). The paper describes how the researchers conducted a study of low-income neighborhoods using a quantitative study; they utilized the 1990 U.S. census block group data, along with data from 1996 to 1998 from Rhode Island's domestic violence surveillance system. The paper relates that linear regression models were used to determine the average risk of police-reported domestic violence was the dependent variable.

From the Paper
""The Role of Socioeconomic Status, Education, and Race/Ethnicity in Police Reporting of Domestic Violence". Domestic violence can occur to women of any socioeconomic status, race, and educational background. Nonetheless, women of color may experience domestic violence that is police-reported than do Caucasian women (Pearlman, Zierler, Gjelsvik, & Verhoek-Oftedahl, 2003). This was determined by Pearlman et al. (2003), who conducted a study of low-income neighborhoods using a quantitative study. The researchers utilized the..."

Tags:domestic, violence, literature

Abstract
This paper offers a review of three scholarly sources that detail the correlation between military deployment and post-deployment domestic violence. Just as significantly, the paper explores how individuals fitting certain demographic profiles are more likely to engage in violence towards their partners; in a similar vein, the accumulated data indicates that couples with a pre-deployment history of violence will also have a post-deployment history of domestic violence.

Tags:domestic, violence, literature

Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes domestic violence and how it can be prevented. It looks at improvements needed in the justice system, such as enforcing restraining orders, and batterers intervention programs, responding to domestic violence calls, and educating young boys about violence.

From the Paper
"Preventing domestic violence from the perspective of the victim or potential victim involves many different agencies. One of the main problems victims have is that the police do not respond adequately to domestic violence calls and do not deal with the batterer in an appropriate way to prevent further assault on the victim. For instance a recent report to the California Attorney General on how the various local criminal justice departments responded to domestic violence showed that although Criminal Courts are required to issue a Criminal Protective Order CPO..."

Tags:domestic violence, prevention, restraining orders, justice system, family court

Abstract
This paper examines the persistent issue of domestic violence in the field of counseling. The writer describes some of the consequences of domestic violence and how these, together with the warning signs of violence in the family, form an important category of research in psychological counseling. The paper includes a nine page annotated bibliography.

From the Paper
"Domestic violence is a persistent issue in the field of counseling. Violence within the family, particularly against women, has far-reaching consequences for women and the family unit as a whole. Understanding the long-term impacts of domestic violence and potential predictors and indicators of domestic violence is an important category of research in psychological counseling."

Tags:domestic, violence, counseling

Abstract
This paper details a proposal to research the problem of domestic violence and its effect upon children. A brief literature review of the background of the effect of domestic violence upon children is presented. The writer outlines and explores the methodologies of the research study. The ethical concerns of dealing with human subjects and a criminal activity are then reviewed. The paper concludes by explaining the limitations of the proposed research survey.

From the Paper
"This paper shall propose a research study of adults who were child witnesses to domestic violence. One of the effects of family domestic violence is the greatly increased likelihood that these children as adults will in-turn either be victims of domestic violence or be perpetrators of domestic violence."

Tags:children, domestic, violence

Abstract
This paper discusses how the context of domestic violence may be preventable from the perspective of the victim or potential victim and what they can do to prevent the problem from occurring or re-occurring. The paper describes the three components of the context of domestic violence, and the behaviors of each stage.

Tags:domestic, violence, victim

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the concept of 'domestic violence,' and extends this discussion to the concept's theoretical models, and its measurement. There is some discussion of how domestic violence can be measured differently than it is now measured.

From the Paper
"Although there are indications that domestic violence is decreasing in America Kurst-Swanger and Petcosky report that the scope of this problem remains tremendous with .... million women being assaulted by a male partner every year. Moreover the authors note that an act of physical aggression occurs in one in every six American homes. In short the problem of domestic violence is widespread and its consequences to both the individual and society are devastating. Indeed its financial toll alone is ..."

Tags:domestic violence, theory, concept, measurement