Abstract
This paper reports on the cost and value of offering domestic partner benefits. It includes a definition of the term domestic partner, and a discussion of the issue of equity and equality for same sex and opposite sex domestic partners.

From the Paper
"Report to the Board of Directors Subject Cost of Domestic Partner Benefits: As part of our ongoing efforts to finding recruiting and retaining the best and most qualified individuals as employees of this company the Human Resources Department has conducted a preliminary study of the cost to the company of offering Domestic Partner Benefits. According to an essay published on the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund website online more and more employers are offering their unmarried workers health and other benefits for their spousal equivalents."

Tags:cost, value, domestic partner benefits, equality, gender bias, homophobia and gay rights.

Abstract
This project involves a report to a company's Board of Directors on the cost and value of offering domestic partner benefits. It addresses the economic implications as well as the practical and moral aspects of offering health coverage to same sex or opposite sex domestic partners.

From the Paper
"Traditionally companies thought of a commitment to diversity as involving little more that strict compliance with regulations governing anti discrimination and legislation involving equal employment opportunities ..."

Tags:gay, lesbian, domestic partners, equity, retention, attracting employees, cost, benefit, reaction, insurance cost increases

Abstract
This paper discusses the costs and value of offering domestic partner benefits to people in different kinds of domestic arrangements. The paper also discusses the negative aspects of such benefits, including costs and criticisms from stakeholders and groups against same-sex arrangements.

From the Paper
"A domestic partnership is usually understood to mean two unrelated unmarried adults who share the same household Domestic partner benefits are those offered by employers to the unmarried domestic partners of their employees..."

Tags:cost, benefits, domstic partner agreements, risk. backlash, human rights, same sex, opposite sex partnerships

Abstract
This paper defines altruism and connects it to domestic violence as embodying its direct opposite, selfishness. The writer describes the destructive effects of domestic violence on society with regard to the victim, the perpetrator, and the rest of society, and on an individual level on family structure, emotions, and finances. An explanation follows of the social exchange theory, which focuses on how to change the behavior of the individual in a way that helps the giver and the receiver understand the positive effects of altruism. The writer explains how, on a concrete level, shelters provide and instill trustworthiness in victims in a manner that teaches altruism and trustworthiness through internal and external rewards. For the abused individual, trust may develop, but time and edification are the key factors in learning to trust, or in the long term, in becoming altruistic.

Outline:
Nature and History of Domestic Violence
The Impact Domestic Violence Has on Society
Victims of Abuse
Monetary and Non-Monetary Losses
Altruism and Persuasion Elements
Social Exchange Theory
Trustworthiness
Similarities
Implications of Strategy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The effects of domestic violence are damaging to victims though most of the time the warning signs of abuse are not immediately obvious. Victims find it difficult to admit to others that violence is happening so abuse can go unnoticed for long periods. Many victims are ashamed so the abuse can be a constant terrorizing factor in a family or between household members. The abused person is often isolated and generally the victim does not report abuse so communities will often fail to recognize domestic violence or its warning signs. Domestic violence has no socioeconomic boundaries so the impact on society is sometimes vague and misunderstood because values and standards are so obscure many families will fall victim to abusers. This societal perspective may explain the lack of public attention to problems of domestic violence."

Tags:selflessness terrorizing, emotional disturbance, psychological empathy reciprocity relationship, abusive behavior

Abstract
This paper explains that the United States, as part of its imperialist expansion, annexed Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines during the War. The author points out that the cause of American imperialism and the popular desire for expanding the country's influence beyond its borders was taken up by the popular press of the time, but was vigorously opposed by several prominent figures, such as Andrew Carnegie and Mark Twain. The paper concludes that the war carries significant lessons for the students of history that are especially relevant in the current global environment, in which the US is once again looking to assert its political and military power.

Table of Contents
Background
Cuban Struggle for Independence
American Imperialism and Yellow Journalism
Sinking of the Maine
Declaration of War
The Philippines
The Caribbean War
Peace Treaty and the Aftermath of the War
Opposition to the War
Conclusion

From the Paper
"True to the advice of its founding fathers like George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, the United States had, in the first century of its existence, kept well away from foreign entanglements and concentrated on its domestic consolidation. After the American Civil War (1861-1865) the country experienced rapid industrial growth. This led to the need and desire for expanding its markets beyond its frontiers and for showing its political and military muscle at the international scene. The Monroe Doctrine and the rallying cry of the country's "manifest destiny" became popular slogans in the country as more and more Americans began to believe that territorial expansion by the United States was both inevitable and "divinely ordained." Certain events in the neighboring territories were soon to provide it the opportunity to flex its muscles."

Tags:imperialist, cuba, philippines, press, power

Abstract
The Three Gorges Dam project, if completed, would be the biggest construction in the history of the world. The project will be the largest hydro-power station and dam. There is a growing concern both domestically and internationally about the human rights violations associated with the displacement of people. This paper discusses why the construction of the Three Gorges Dam is a mistake and gives possible solutions in its stead.

From the Paper
"The Peoples Republic of China has undertaken the greatest project since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal. The Three Gorges Dam project, if completed would be the biggest construction in the history of the world. The project will be the largest hydro-power station and dam. The project has been controversial since it was first proposed and construction has been stopped several times. There is a growing concern both domestically and internationally about the human rights violations associated with the displacement of people. An estimated 2 million people will lose their homes, livelihoods and their land. The project will create millions of refugees, flood homes and cultural treasures and endanger human health [Marcia & Joseph 1998].
The massive Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River in China will have a 1.2-mile stretch of concrete and a 370 mile-long reservoir, which would be 525 feet deep. The project will stretch two kilometers across the Yangtze River, stand 185 meters high, and create a 600-kilometer lake behind it. Indeed it will be one of the monstrous erections in the world. This project will cost more than any other single construction project in history with an unofficial estimate as high as USD 75 billion or more. Construction of the dam began in 1994 and is scheduled to take 20 years and yet another $24 billion. Much of what the project opponents both inside China and around the forecasted in 1989 is in full view for the world to see [Marcia & Joseph 1998]."

Tags:Yangtze, River

Abstract
This paper attempts to determine why a peace treaty so unfavorable to Russia was ratified by the Soviet government. It first examines the personal intentions of Lenin and how they differ or parallel to those of the socialist revolution. It then evaluates the extent of the German assistance to the Bolsheviks prior to the revolution and how Lenin attempted to fulfill the promises given to the Germans in exchange for their help. Finally, it traces the method by which the peace treaty was ratified on the VII Party Congress despite wide spread opposition.

Outline
Lenin's Intentions
German Assistance to the Bolsheviks
Promises Fulfilled
Growth of Domestic Opposition
The VII Party Congress of March 1918 and the Ratification of the Treaty
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The evolving question of Lenin's intentions after his coming to power in October of 1917 and of the goals that Lenin strived for before and after the revolution is the essential objective in studying the history of the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Lenin did not change his focus based on the circumstances, rather he tried to find the most suitable way of fulfilling his goals. Lenin began his struggle for power around 1903. It is not clear whether he needed this power for the victory of the revolution or the revolution was a means for fulfilling his personal ambitions."

Tags:lenin, bolsheviks, revolution

Abstract
This paper discusses the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, arguably one of the most important milestones in modern history. The paper determines why a peace treaty so unfavorable to Russia was ratified by the Soviet government. The personal intentions of Lenin are examined and the paper explains how they differ or parallel to those of the socialist revolution. The paper presents an evaluation of the extent of the German assistance to the Bolsheviks prior to the revolution and describes how Lenin attempted to fulfill the promises given to the Germans in exchange for their help. The paper traces the method by which the peace treaty was ratified on the VII Party Congress despite wide spread opposition.
Outline
Introduction
Lenin's Intentions
German Assistance to the Bolsheviks
Promises Fulfilling
Growth of Domestic Opposition
The VII Party Congress of March 1918 and the Ratification of the Treaty
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Peace of Brest-Litovsk is one of the most important milestones in modern history, for with its signature begins a chain of events which led directly to the outbreak of the Second World War. This treaty not only signified the apparent and complete victory of German arms in the East and the greatest diplomatic and military humiliation which Russia had ever sustained, but, with the exception of the Treaty of Versailles, it had consequences far greater than any other peace settlement since the Congress of Vienna. It was the course of negotiations at Brest-Litovsk which prompted President Wilson to formulate his famous Fourteen Points in an attempt to keep the Russians from signing a separate peace. The rapacity of the Germans in the terms imposed on Russia disclosed to the rest of the world the extent of the Supreme Command's domination and the impossibility of arriving at peace with Germany in the hands of such rulers. This realization produced the final unity among the Western powers, thereby assuring the ultimate defeat of Germany."

Tags:peace, bolsheviks, germany, russia

Abstract
This paper explains that tariffs, which are taxes on imports of commodities into a country or area, (1) supply income for the government and (2) are extensively used to defend domestic manufacturer's profits from overseas opposition; however, this defense comes at an economic cost to domestic consumers who pay higher prices for import competing goods and to the financial system as a whole. The author points out that, since 1948, when average tariffs on manufactured goods reached 30 percent in most developed economies, these economies sought to reduce tariffs on manufactured goods through numerous rounds of discussions under the General Agreement on Tariffs Trade (GATT). The paper relates that many non-tariff barriers, such as administrative refinement (arbitrary tariff classification), quantitative limitations (quotas and embargoes) and customs management (uplifting invoice value) are especially damaging to exports from developing countries especially the least developed countries.

From the Paper
"Economists and trade experts have been trying to certificate the occurrence of NTBs and are also struggling with the trickier task of shaping the particular financial consequence of a number of national or restricted requirements and regulations on limiting imports. Non-tariff barriers may comprise anti-dumping measures, new technological standards applied to imports, innovative security regulations, altered hygienic necessities, or more challenging procedures for import licensing and customs clearance. Experts say it can be tricky to differentiate among legitimate measures taken by industrialized countries to protect public health and promote consumer safety and regulations that abuse free-trade principles and unjustly limit imports."

Tags:restrictions, developing, import, domestic, quotas

Abstract
This paper discusses that Zimbabwe's financial problems are tied to a serious and controversial internal problem regarding ownership of land that has had a significant negative impact on the country's major industry, agriculture. The author relates that South Africa, which provides Zimbabwe with most of its power and water, has threatened to cut off supplies of those resources if President Mugabe does not work with others within his country to stabilize it. The paper states that President Robert Mugabe, whose political roots lie in the liberation efforts of the 1960s, is described as having a strong and even ruthless style of leadership, being anti-Western and distrustful of Western-style capitalism, and dealing harshly with any opposition.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Major Domestic Issues
Land Issues
Election Fraud
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Zimbabwe has had an interesting history with regard to establishing a democracy. When the country of Rhodesia unilaterally declared its independence from Great Britain, much as the United States did in the 18th century, the country drew up a Constitution. That Constitution gave preference to Whites in a variety of areas, including land ownership. While it was more understandable for this to happen in the late 18th century, when slavery was common in the New World, it's a little harder to understand in the second half of the 20th Century."

Tags:mugabe, land, anti-western, opposition, stability