Abstract
This paper investigates the scientific feat of 'Dolly', the lamb cloned from an adult ewe in Scotland in 1996. It outlines the process of how the cloning was carried out, and thereafter, discusses the ethical and moral debates evoked by the cloning process in general. If sheep, and now mice, frogs and cows, have been cloned, can humans be far behind? The paper touches on these ethical and scientific debates. It also touches on political implications of cloning, as well as some of the positives for medicine and science more broadly.

Abstract
This scientific and ethical argument against human cloning presents the pros and cons of this serious issue. The writer claims that the problems of experimentation on animals have not been adequately addressed to suggest that human beings should be cloned at the present time. Furthermore, the writer discusses that the ethical grounds of the property aspect of a cloned human being are not being explored in the environmental or societal ramifications that would logically need to be understood.

From the Paper
"This scientific study examines a scientific and ethical argument against human cloning in regards to the problems with "Dolly", the first animal to ever be cloned. In this manner, the problems of Dolly's death is examined through the science of cell research to realize the premature death of this pioneering animal. In this respect, Dolly died at an early age due to severe arthritis, which may be an error in the development of the cells that created Dolly from her "mother". Through an examination of the details of this erroneous cloning, there needs to be far better research and development before human beings should be considered for the cloning process."

Tags:cloning, science, genetic

Abstract
This paper is an in-depth research paper on the history and development of cloning. The author discusses such topics as procedures and methods, specific experiments, and risks and repercussions of genetic engineering. The paper also includes a discussion of birth defects in cloned animals, stem cell research, and the political and ethical debates concerning genetic engineering.

From the paper:

"Cloning is a form of genetic engineering in which the DNA of a person, animal, plant, or bacterium is used to produce a perfect or near perfect genetic replica of the original. A new individual is created from a single cell. Each group of researchers has its own specific technique. The best known is the Roslin technique, and the most effective and most recently developed technique is the Honolulu technique. The most commonly known are the Roslin Technique, The Honolulu Technique, and nuclear transfer. A technique known as twinning also exists, but it can only be used before an organism's cells split. The cloning of Dolly the sheep is considered by many to be the most important event in cloning history. Dolly was created by the Roslin Technique, which was created by the researchers at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. It spurred public interest in cloning and proved that the cloning of adult animals could be achieved. Until then, it was not known if an adult nucleus was able to produce a completely new animal. Genetic damage was possible, and researchers did not know if the damage would be reversible, but nevertheless, they took the chance."

Tags:biotechnology, cell, dna, dolly, engineering, gene, genetic, imprinting, nuclear, research, roslin, stem, transfer, twinning

Abstract
The paper discusses the first successful cloning of Dolly the sheep and the resulting ethical, moral, religious, sociological and political controversies regarding animal and human cloning. The paper focuses on cloning animals and examines two viewpoints; Michael W. Fox's article, "Genetic Engineering is Dangerous" that is against the progression of scientific cloning, and Gunjan Sinha's article, "Genetic Engineering of Animals Benefits Human Health" that shows why cloning and genetic engineering can serve to benefit humans. The paper offers the personal opinion that under no circumstances should scientists cross into the realm of human cloning, but, animals have always been used for scientific experiments, and to curb this utilization of animal species at the issue of genetic engineering would seem hypocritical and foolish.

From the Paper
"During the 19th century, Gregor Mendel (a man of the Cloth), began a series of scientific experiments on a garden of pea plants that set in motion the process which would later pen him as the "father of modern genetics". Mendel discovered that by selective breeding of the plants in a controlled environment, he could isolate the expression of several individual traits in different plants. Furthermore, he also discovered that these traits could be passed on from one generation of plants to the next, serving as the nascent beginning of modern genetic engineering (Bardoe 27)."

Tags:genetic, engineering, genes, DNA, Dolly, science, ethics

Abstract
The paper describes the process of cloning mammals like Dolly and discusses why humans have not yet been cloned. The writer of the paper predicts that cloning will happen in his lifetime, but does not think it will happen in the United States. The writer relates that he is not in favor of the process, since while its benefits may be significant, they pale in comparison to the other medical and scientific problems that deserve the attention of medical science. The writer argues that scientists should be focusing on finding a cure for cancers, AIDS and the issues of world overpopulation and hunger.

From the Paper
"Although several types of cloning exist, including DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning, the type that is most often referred to as "cloning" in science textbooks and the mass media is reproductive cloning. This is the type of cloning necessary to produce one animal from another animal that is either currently alive, or has lived previously (U.S. Department of Energy). Of course, animals already have a way of producing other animals, procreation. Cloning differs from procreation in that a cloned animal shares nuclear DNA with the other animal. In fact, the cloned animal would be nearly a carbon copy of the original animal. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned; she was born in 1996 and died in 2003 (U.S. Department of Energy). The process of cloning mammals like Dolly is complex, but is rather simple in principal."

Tags:Dolly, science, research, genetics

Abstract
This paper looks at the case of Dolly the cloned sheep and posits that while the writer does support cloning for scientific purposes such as the regeneration of organs, he does not believe in cloning of the human being as a whole. This paper serves to outline the writer's beliefs, provide supportive documentation and discuss both arguments for and against human cloning.

From the Paper
"An organism which is genetically identical to another constitutes a clone. Essentially cloning allows reproduction to occur without the intervention of sexual activity, and this in turn reduces diversity. Cloning already exists in the natural world outside of the setting of Dolly in microbes, plants and some lower animals. It can also occur naturally in man when more than one fetus results from one fertilized egg and the outcome is twins, triplets, quadruplets, etc. So what is different about the situation with Dolly? It is likely that in this case, this cloning experiment has been successful in a species not distantly removed from the human, and also the fact that in Dolly's case it was a human who was used as the donor instead of an embryo."

Tags:dolly, sheep, embryo

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1996, cloning has been a controversial issue in contemporary medical ethics and biomedical research. The writer notes that cloning has many advocates, as it seems to offer the prospect of cures for diseases and illnesses that are currently incurable. However, the writer points out that it also has vociferous opponents, many of whom believe that scientists have no business interfering with sacred human life processes and beliefs. The writer maintains that the media furor generated by this admission highlights the importance of this issue. Moreover, the writer discusses that there is the ongoing problem that few scientific successes have been achieved in cloning. It remains unknown whether cloning will be utilized to cure diseases in our lifetime. This essay attempts to find the facts beneath the sensationalism, and argues that cloning is undesirable.

Outline:
Introduction
Background Information
Therapeutic Cloning
Reproductive Cloning
Benefits of Cloning
The Potential Benefits of Therapeutic Cloning
Limitations of Therapeutic Cloning
Limitations of Reproductive Cloning
The Arguments against Cloning
Arguments against Therapeutic Cloning
Arguments against Reproductive Cloning
Conclusion

From the Paper
"As mentioned above, the first reported successful clone was that of Dolly the sheep. This was an example of reproductive cloning, in which an embryo is created in order to grow it into a replica of the creature from which it is cloned. This is the most controversial application, as it involves creating life - and potentially, even creating human life. The process is the same as the beginning stages of therapeutic cloning, described above. However, instead of killing the embryo by harvesting stem cells, scientists allow it to continue growing, and then implant it into a womb. In the rare cases when this is successful, the embryo then grows to term and is born - an exact, new-born copy of the donor from whom the nucleus was taken."

Tags:stem, cell, research, embryo, human, Dolly, the, sheep

Abstract
This paper looks at how Lee Silver, a geneticist at Princeton University and author of "The Virtual Child", sees the cloned sheep, "Dolly", as only a frightening precursor as to what could happen to the American family as a result of human cloning. It discusses the views that Silver holds about the future of family life if people are allowed to clone children.

From the Paper
"These individuals who design their children as replicas or super children rather than as relatives by genetic chance will fundamentally upset the balance of nature, physically and psychologically. Lee Silver's essay upon "The Virtual Child", is from a larger work, entitled Remaking Eden. This plays upon the notion of life as blissful ignorance in Eden. In Silver's view, despite his own academic prowess, the gaining of knowledge is a fall from grace, or at least as a dangerous thing to be feared. His pervasive fear is marked throughout the entire essay. It would have been better, Silver suggests, if we had never known how to clone, despite the potential benefits the science could give in terms of regenerating organs. The potential dangers are too great, he states, if the technology is used to its ultimate extent and possibilities. (516-517)"

Tags:cloning, dolly, sheep, family, life

Abstract
This paper explains that country western historically has been primarily a male-dominated industry but there are women that have been responsible for the major changes in this industry. The paper discuses some of the women that are responsible for these changes: Louise Massey, Rose Maddox, Dolly and Mille Good, Patsy Montana, Patsy Cline, Dolly Parton, Shania Twain and The Dixie Chicks. The paper relates that Louise Massey, who formed a band in 1918 with her father, husband and two brothers, are called the 'original rhinestone cowboys' because of the flashy clothing they introduced into the country music society. Blazing the hillbilly and rockabilly trails and still thriving in 1995, at the age of 70, when she received the Grammy nomination in the Bluegrass Category, Rose Maddox had a major influence on Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, and Janis Joplin.

From the Paper
""Come on Over" came out two and half years after her last release of "The Woman in Me". "The Woman in Me" is a nine time platinum album and spent over 140 weeks on the Billboard Country Albums chart. Shania was born in Timmons, Ontario and her name was Eileen. She started singing at a young age, being pulled out of bed to sing at midnight at a local bar. At 21, Shania lost her parents in a car accident and took on the responsibility of raising her three younger siblings. During this time she performed at Ontario's Deerhurst Resort, learning the ins and outs of theatrical performances."

Tags:parton, cline, awards, trendsetters, chicks

Abstract
Today, man has progressed so much in the field of science that it has claimed to possess the power and knowledge to duplicate any living organism. In the year 1997, scientists at the Roslin Institute, Scotland, announced that they had successfully cloned a sheep. Proudly naming it "Dolly", this event led to a series of concerns all across the globe. Many rejoiced at this effort and were supportive, while others felt that man was trying to play God. Debates on ethical and moral aspects of this achievement were conducted and people including religious sectors denounced this process. It should also be noted that Dolly was not the first animal to be cloned. The first animal to be cloned was a tadpole done more than four decades before Dolly.

From the Paper
"Human cloning and cloning in general brings a lot of ethical and moral issues. People and religious institutions brand this as man interfering with nature or man trying to play God. They feel that the act of producing life belongs to God alone and cloning should be avoided and not conducted under any circumstances. Christianity believes that man is made in the image of God and is created in uniqueness hence they say that if human cloning would be practiced then that would be man being created in the image of man rather than God. Hence they along with nearly all the major religions condemn the act of human cloning."

Tags:duplicate, human, science, organism