Abstract
This paper explains the exchange rate of the US (USD) and the Canadian (CAD) dollars (USD/CAD) reveals some of the differences in their economies that help to make clearer why Canada has outperformed the US during this economic crisis. Next, the author investigates the short run drivers, which are the interest rate differential between the two countries and the market's view of commodity prices particular oil, and the long run drives, which are the state of the US economy and the trade relationship between the US and Canada. The paper concludes that a political problem in Canada is caused when, despite the increase in value of oil exports, Canadian exports to the US decline significantly as the Canadian dollar increases in value.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Rates
Drivers
Strong Currency Affects the Balance of Payments Account
Conclusion

From the Paper
"These developments have turned the Canadian dollar into a petrocurrency. As such, short run price movements in the Canadian dollar have reflected short run price movements in crude prices. The impact of these moves with respect to the US dollar is amplified by the fact that not only is the US a net importer of oil, but Canada is the largest source of imported oil in the US. Moreover, almost all of Canada's oil imports go to the US. Thus, an increase in the price of oil not only increases the value of the Canadian dollar but weakens the US dollar simultaneously. Much of the volatility in the exchange rate in this pairing since October 2007 is tied to volatility in the price of crude oil. In the second half of 2008 the price of oil collapsed, and the Canadian dollar lost value quickly as a result. A slight recovery in oil prices in early 2009 has likewise seen an increase in value of the CAD.
"The single greatest long term driver of the USD-CAD exchange rate is the US economy. Relative strength and weakness in the US economy impacts the US dollar. This typically impacts not just the exchange rate with the Canadian dollar, but with other major currencies as well."

Tags:petrocurrency, wealth transfer, trading partners, monetary policy, balance of payments

Abstract
This paper discusses the company mission statement, vision, and strategic issues of the Family Dollar stores. The author points out the significance of these new types of merchandisers. The paper considers strategy alternatives and recommendation at Family Dollar stores.

From the Paper
"While so-called big box retailers, such as Best Buy, Home Depot and Wal-Mart, have received much attention in recent years and have in someways changed retailing in the United States, another significant shift has been underway among smaller retailers, who offer general merchandise. These so-called dollar stores offer merchandise that rarely exceeds a few dollars in price on a per-unit level and considerable inroads have been made by companies such as the Cent Store Big Lots and Family Dollar. The strategy behind these ..."

Tags:Family Dollar, strategic planning, mission statement, vision statement

Abstract
The writer of this paper takes us through the imaginary processes s/he would conduct to set up a new business - inventing, producing, and marketing one of his/her own product ideas. S/he begins with the setting of goals and priorities. Next s/he discusses the establishment of an independent enterprise and the utilization of the Small Business Administration to do so. Finally, s/he explains the products s/he would like to invent (technology for handicapped persons) and gives a proposed marketing strategy.

From the Paper
"If I had one million dollars to start a business I would want to first set my goals and priorities. The first, and most obvious goal is to make money. However, there must be something else. I would like my business to help people and do some good in world, I would want to fulfill some need and make people's lives better in someway. I have many ideas for inventions to make people's lives better and this is where I would start. I would like to invent, produce, and market one of my own product ideas."

Tags:SBA, start

Abstract
The paper presents a thorough examination of the causes of the weak U.S. dollar and a discussion of both the pros and cons of the current Bush dollar policy. The paper questions what the dollar policy of the Bush Administration should be. After understanding the effects of the dollar policy, the paper shows that the administration should promote a stable dollar through increased fiscal discipline. This would show the world that the U.S. is not pushing its debt problems on them, eliminating the uncertainty of currency markets. With a stable dollar policy, the U.S. could improve the domestic economy, while no longer economically alienating the rest of the world.

From the Paper
"Former presidents George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Andrew Jackson may not have had similar leadership strategies, but each were powerful figures of American history. Their contributions to the development of the United States helped it become the most powerful nation in the world, and today their involvement is acknowledged, as portraits of each grace a form of American currency. Their pictures symbolize American history and, more importantly, power. While the United States continues to hold a central role in global markets, its hegemony is increasingly threatened. The decline in value of the US dollar over the last three years may be symbolic of dwindling American dominance, thus the fall of the dollar is being closely examined. Many countries feel the US lives beyond its means. A weak US dollar helps boost US exports, in effect decreasing trade deficits by allowing the world to buy American debt. The current administration provides meaningless sound bites to the media, proclaiming publicly that it wants a strong currency while quietly allowing the dollar to decline. Other domestic policies seem to promote the idea that America is doing little to promote a strong dollar, such as an expanding defense budget and calls for social security reform. If the US continues to show such disregard for foreign opinion, the results may be devastating."

Tags:currency, deficit, dollar, economy, exchange, rates, trade

Abstract
This paper considers ten articles regarding dollarization. It explores the effects of official and unofficial dollarization. The author discusses problems with the de facto dollarization of economies. The paper explains three types of dollarization. The author concludes with a discussion on the political dimensions of dollarization, and other issues.

From the Paper
"Dollarization occurs when a country either formally or informally uses another country's currency rather than its domestic currency as the primary medium of exchange. Informally individual businesses or citizens ..."

Tags:dollarization, literature review

Abstract
The paper relates that in 2007, the Canadian dollar rose approximately 25%, to attain a rough parity with the American dollar for the first time in decades. This paper examines the causes and effects of this rising dollar for the Canadian economy. The thesis is argued that this increase in the value of the Canadian dollar damaged the manufacturing and foreign export trading sectors of the Canadian economy, as it eliminated a primary element of Canada's competitiveness, while strengthening the energy sector.

From the Paper
"In 2007 the Canadian dollar rose approximately 25%, to attain a rough parity with the American dollar for the first time in decades. The effects of the rising Canadian dollar have not been felt equally across the county. This essay will examine the effects of this rising dollar on local industry in two different provinces - Alberta and Ontario - and the roles of both provincial and federal governments in dealing with these unequal effects. The thesis will be argued that regardless of industry or province, this increase in the value of the Canadian dollar damaged the..."

Tags:canada, dollar, business

Abstract
This is a take home examination that responds to three set questions on (1) the regional imprint of the high Canadian dollar and its special effects in primary resource industries, (2) possible governmental responses, monetary policy, and the link between high dollar and inflation as seen in 1970s, and (3) discussion of the Ontario Forestry Association as an example of an interest group helping to shape governmental policy. The paper discusses how in northern Ontario, previous policies damaged wood industries before the arrival of the high dollar; a failure to listen to advice from within the region created a situation whereby Ontario now pays hundreds of millions to correct results.

Tags:high dollar, cause/effects, policy

Abstract
This paper provides essay responses to three fixed questions employing course materials and other sources on I) implications of the high Canadian dollar; possible government responses, II) how the high dollar inflicts unwanted challenges on some regions/businesses; responses, and III) the Tourism Indian Assocation of Canada (Ottawa 1930-) as an example of a Canadian interest group advising governments on policy decisions. The paper notes that if the dollar is to remain high as discourages Canadian tourism, then breaks and incentives will be needed for 65B+$ of high employment and local returns.

From the Paper
"The high Canadian dollar value in 2007, approximately 25% above the American dollar, had unequal results across Canada. Federal and provincial governments responded in predictable piecemeal ways. Canadians have long expected but sometimes resented economic and political centralization so that some interests were quick to approach Ottawa for measures to ensure equalization or supports through a period of regional loss. (See Wilson 417-418) While a high dollar was seen as a sign of overall economic success, the Canadian economy shows its heritage in past mercantilism in a..."

Tags:high dollar, effects, interest group

Abstract
This paper explores the U.S. dollar and the effects of its devaluation. The paper also argues the pros and cons of a weak dollar and examines measures the U.S. government and consumer can take to slow or prevent the the dollar's decline.

From the Paper
"Since the beginning of advanced civilization, trade and economy has revolved around currency. Currency provides a uniform medium for the exchange of goods and services, and facilitates economic activity. As world economies become more and more reliant upon each other, the difference in valuation of national currencies becomes increasingly important in projecting markets. For the purposes of this paper, I will explore why the United States dollar has fallen recently in the context of macroeconomics, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of a "strong" national currency."

Tags:currency, dollar, economics, global, inflation, international, macroeconomics, markets, weak

Abstract
This ten page undergraduate paper examines newspaper commentary on the value fluctuations of the Canadian dollar. The paper discusses how the commentaries tended to focus not only on the exchange rate and its shifts, but on the various reasons why these fluctuations were occurring. The paper explains that at times the commentaries dealt with immediate causes of Canadian dollar value changes, while at other times a more extended assessment was given which focused on longer-term influences and trends.

From the Paper
"In tracking the changing value of the Canadian dollar between January 24 and March 11, 2005, it is evident that the fluctuation was generally confined within a range of five-cents. The lowest difference between the Canadian and U.S. dollars was reached at the end of this recording cycle, when the difference was .2040 on 11 March. The highest difference was seen one week into the recording cycle when the difference was .2566 on 7 February. During this seven-week period, the average difference between the Canadian and American dollars was .2351."

Tags:tracking, canadian, dollar