Abstract
This paper shows how dogmatism effects one's consumer behavior. It talks about the different stages of consumer behavior and how dogmatism is applied to each stage and the effects, which the consumer experiences while experiencing dogmatism.

From the Paper
"Consumer behavior varies on many different types of characteristics. Purchases are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics. For the most part, marketers cannot control these factors, however, they must take them into account. People differ greatly in their readiness to try new products. In each product area, there are "consumption pioneers" and early adopters. Other individuals adopt new products much later. The five-adopter groups have differing values. Innovators are venturesome- they try new ideas at some risk. Early adopters are guided by respect- they are opinion leaders in their communities and adopt new ideas early, but carefully. The early majority is deliberate, although they are rarely leaders, and adapt to new ideas before the average person. The late majority is skeptical and they adopt an innovation only after the majority of people have tried it. The fifth group of adopters is the laggards. They are suspicious of changes and adopt the innovation only when it has become something of a tradition itself. Their type of behavior is also known as dogmatism."

Tags:business

From the Paper
"This paper will discuss dogmatism as it affects the persuasion process. Basically, dogmatism has a negative impact on persuasion efforts. As Kelly notes, one of the strongest barriers to persuasion is "our potential immunity to the message" (Kelly 2025). A person who is dogmatic on a particular issue has a strong emotional commitment to his or her opinion on that issue. Because of this emotional commitment, the dogmatic person is not likely to change opinions lightly. As a result, dogmatism is a powerful inhibitor of attitude change. Studies using "dogmatism scales" have indicated that people can range from high to low levels of dogmatic belief (Neuliep 213). Thus, some dogmatic people will be more open to change than others. Nevertheless, for the most part, dogmatism in a person is a strong indicator that the person will reject any persuasive..."

Abstract
This paper delves in the Hellenistic philosophies of dogmatism and scepticism, noting that the Greek philosophical schools of the Hellenistic age were divided over the possibility of distinguishing between true and false impressions. The paper explains that philosophers from the Stoic and Epicurean schools, "dogmatists," provided theories on how this distinction was to be made, but fully believed in the possibility of doing so. Conversely, the paper asserts, the Academics and Pyrrhonists, "sceptics," challenged the belief that it was indeed feasible to discriminate between a true and false belief. These exegetical and opposing positions on epistemology were upheld during the entire Hellenistic period and came to characterize the philosophy of that time, the paper contends. The paper concludes that although a broader statement of suggesting that all dogmatists and all sceptics interacted in this manner, it is certain to say that the Academics and Stoics, with regard to cognitive impressions, can definitely to be judged to be in continuous dialectic.

From the Paper
"The final proof to display the existence of a lively and constant exchange between the Academics and the Stoics is shown by the Stoic response to the indiscernability thesis. An answer is given for both subjective and objective indiscernability before a further clause is added to the definition of the cognitive impression in lieu of the Academic challenge. The Stoics respond to subjective indiscernability by claiming that impressions received in an abnormal state are not the impressions of a normal person, and so, do not affect the status of the cognitive impression's definition. With regard to the objective indiscernability, the Stoics have a much more substantial response. They refute the claims by using their metaphysical principle that there is nothing in the world that is exactly alike anything else in the world. Stoics also provide the argument that, with training, there is the ability to distinguish between similar-looking objects, like a mother can between twins and a farmer can between eggs. All that is needed is to be an expert in the certain field to certainly attain a cognitive impression. Of course, the Stoics recognise that the world is full of people who make poor decisions and cannot recognise cognitive impressions. The point is only that it is possible for knowledge to exist, recognised by cognitive impressions. Academic arguments for indiscernability have, therefore, been considered and refuted by the Stoic school actively engaging in a discussion with their counterparts. It is not within the context of this essay to arbitrarily decide which side was the more convincing, but rather recognise the presence of a dialectic exchange occurring. A further consequence of this latest debate was a further adaptation to the definition of the cognitive impression. Added to the definition was the statement that a cognitive impression was 'one which has no impediment'. Further showing a Stoic proposition that is in direct relation to an Academic notion. From this moment there seems to be a stand-of between the Stoics and the Academics, where each side '...regards itself as adequately meeting the other side's points, and establishing its case'. No longer is the definition for the cognitive impression adapted, precisely because there are no more new threats produced from the Academy. However, the final clause was definitively produced because of the dialectic that occurred between the two schools, and more specifically, because of the indiscernability these of the Academics."

Tags:academic, pyrrhonist, epistemology, stoic

Abstract
The paper examines how Kant's theory of transcendental idealism is a useful doctrine, given that it picks up on key problems with realism and posits a theory that is intuitively acceptable. This essay compares transcendental idealism with both dogmatic idealism and problematic idealism, using the differences to clarify the meaning of transcendental idealism. As is shown, only transcendental idealism is acceptable, as dogmatic idealism and problematic idealism have fundamental problems that render them unacceptable.

Tags:kant, berkeley, descartes

From the Paper
"This study will examine the problem skeptical philosopher David Hume encounters with respect to induction or the induction method, based on his work Enquiries: Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals. That problem, of course, is that Hume's rigorous skepticism effectively makes impossible any induction whatsoever in his philosophical "enquiries."

Hume was a British empiricist who like other empiricists believed that human beings can know nothing beyond what is revealed to them by their experience. Hume also believed that the human mind, human reason, is severely limited in its power to interpret and understand that experience.

Hume took philosophical empiricism and skepticism to its ultimate conclusion, questioning whether it was possible for.."

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to describe some crucial aspects of Hinduism. In particular, it will focus on the way in which Hinduism's "dogmatic" approach understands the history of religion. It will also focus on how Hinduism defines the non-dualistic philosophy which it says will result in harmony. The paper will describe Hinduism, with a particular focus on the way in which it sees itself as a religion without a founder, and will then discuss how the concept of harmony allows the believer to enter more fully into the true spirit of Hinduism.

In general, it is important to point out that Hinduism is one of the major religions in the world today, and has been for centuries. It has helped to shape Indian culture and it has been the basis for much of what is now recognized as the spiritual practices of India throughout the ages. However, the popular ... "

Abstract
This paper explores through several empirical studies the connection between religious dogmatism and violence. The paper discusses religious dogmatism as a variable in violence as well as right-wing, religious attitudes toward violence. The paper also reviews the use by the religious right of a just-world theory to explain and excuse violence.

From the Paper
"The following presents a review of eight empirical studies on the relationship between religious dogmatism and violence...."

Tags:dogmatism violence religious, right-winged, just-world

Abstract
The paper explains the basic distinction between open and closed belief systems; one type of belief system embraces new ideas and new means of approaching matters while the other type of belief system rejects this. However, the paper discusses the essential differences between the types of people who may be called 'closed-minded' versus those who may be described as 'open-minded'. Specifically, the paper explains that people with closed-belief systems tend to be dogmatic and troubled by high anxiety; by contrast, those who are more open-minded are not plagued by dogmatism and are not as anxious. The paper examines the literature and relates that it does not appear to support the notion that some groups in society are more likely than other groups to be prone to closed-minded thinking. Additionally, the paper argues that individuals who are at a lower stage in their moral development are often more susceptible to falling victim to closed-thinking than those who are more evolved in this regard. Finally, the paper looks at the communication problems which arise from closed belief systems and the cognitive processing difficulties which arise when someone is either too close-minded or too open-minded. The paper concludes that thinking clearly involves following a middle path between the two extremes.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at open and closed belief systems and discuss the differences between them. Naturally, the basic distinction between the two - one type of belief system embraces new ideas and new means of approaching matters while the other type of belief system rejects this - is easy enough to discern. However, the next several pages will discuss the essential differences between the types of people who may be called `closed-minded' versus those who may be described as `open-minded'. Specifically, people with closed-belief systems tend to be dogmatic and troubled by high anxiety; by contrast, those who are more open-minded are..."

Tags:scientific, reasoning, minds

Abstract
The essay "Of Cannibals" is a narrative prose by 16th Century French writer, Michel de Montaigne, describing the culture of a South American tribe (Native Americans). In it, Montaigne compares the Native American tribe's society and culture with that of Western society. This paper discusses and enumerates these comparisons between the two societies, as well as describes in detail the different social customs and lifestyles of the cannibalistic group. A comparison and analysis of the differences between the two societies in Montaigne's point of view is made for further understanding of the author's objective, that is, to criticize Western society of its conservative and strict compliance to dogmatic beliefs that continually plague the people from Western societies. Thus, Montaigne analyzes "barbarism" and "civilization" in context of the two societies.

From the Paper
"The act of war and cannibalism in this tribe is one important comparison of Montaigne to the Europeans. The author justifies the tribe's barbarism and cannibalism through several explanations. According to him, barbarism, or the act of war popular among tribes people, is one of the two important articles taught in their society, that is, valor towards their enemies or "resolution in war." Cannibalism is said to be done not "for nourishment", because cannibalism for the tribes people is an "extreme form of vengeance." Montaigne justifies this "barbarous horror of so cruel an action" by comparing the tribe's cannibalism with that of "cannibalism" in Western society. For him, the tribe's cannibalism is much more honorable and just, since the prisoner is killed first and only eaten when he was already dead. The Western society, on the other hand, practices a more "barbarous" act of cannibalism because, as Montaigne had described, "[I] conceive there is more barbarity in eating a man alive, than when he is dead... in tearing a body limb from limb by racks and torments... among neighbors and fellow-citizens... under color of piety and religion...""

Tags:skepticism, humanist, movement, Antarctic, France, Polygamy

Abstract
A discussion of the lack of women in the literary canon, "an authoritative list, as the works of the greatest authors." The canon is a guarantee of quality and it immortalizes a work. A work outside the canon is forgotten and unnoticed. Anti-feminist groups claim that historically white males have done most of the writing. The author of this paper disagrees with this claim and attempts to prove it as a narrow-minded and dogmatic notion. Female writers were not taken seriously. Because of the omission from the literary canon, female writers are presented with the notion that there are no women writers of note. That alone is good enough motivation to adopt the concept of a "women's canon."

From the Paper
"The term literary canon is explained by definition as "an authoritative list, as the works of the greatest authors". Yet, the literary canon consists mainly of male WASPS (or White Anglo-Saxon Protestants). It is only a logical consequence that women, and particularly feminists, want to break free from this male-dominated virile clique. Now, what is the importance of the canon? The purpose of the canon is simple. The canon is a guarantee of quality and it immortalizes a work. It is an attempt to present us with the best. It basically is a list of the prime books ever written and the authors who ever wrote. The one belonging to the canon acquires a distinct prerogative. A work outside the canon is forgotten and unnoticed. If the canon is a collection of the best works by the greatest masters, then it does not look good for women and other minority groups. And if the existing literary canon is a prodigious list of white males, then we can only conclude that culture, great literature, creativity and originality are essentially masculine and European."

Tags:books, canon, english, female, feminism, literary, literature, male, woman