Abstract
This paper examines the importance of the study of gender. The paper first describes the divisions of gender, such as biological differences or societal divisions and then focuses on the importance of understanding the continuum of gender in order to increase equality and freedom for both men and women. The paper provides examples of the divisions of gender from the book, "A Thousand Splendid Suns," by Khaled Hosseini.

From the Paper
"In increasingly sexualized portrayals of both men and women in the media, women are portrayed as powerful through their sexual power. With their appearance, media would have consumers believe, women are able to control men. It is often heard in movies and television programs that a woman uses sexual intercourse as a source of her power: if the man does not do what she wants, he will not be rewarded in the bedroom. If this message were true, then women would dominate the world. As untrue as it is, this message helps perpetuate one of many stereotypes for women: that they are scheming and calculating, using sex to manipulate their partners (or potential partners)."

Tags:sexuality, feminism, masculinity

Abstract
The paper looks at the British Council definition of gender as a social construction that produces inequality. It provides statistical evidence of gender-based divisions in the early 21st century in the areas of education, training, and employment.

From the Paper
"This research examines relevant data to assess the extent of the continue presence of gender divisions in the United Kingdom (UK). This examination considers gender within the context stated by ..."

Abstract
The British government has been intimately and disastrously involved in Ireland for centuries. This paper examines the divisions between Roman Catholics and Protestants that culminated in the division of the island into two separate political entities. It commences with the Act of Union (1801) that united Ireland and Great Britain and concludes with partition, political formalization of the cleavages, in the twentieth century.

Tags:divisions, in, ireland

Abstract
This paper analyses marriage from a perspective of conflict theory. Based on theories of Marx, and economic structures in societies, conflict theory assumes that all social relations are based in kinds of conflicts and that social order is determined through coercion. Power is the dominant feature of conflict.

Abstract
This paper discusses how human beings are still capable of dividing themselves up into groups and committing terrible atrocities based on hatred for other groups of people. The paper focuses primarily on the Holocaust and the Rwandan massacres.

From the Paper
"Sadly, in spite of the horror with which most people viewed Hitler's actions, such wars continued to be waged by some groups against others. Another such slaughter occurred in Africa, in the country of Rwanda, in 1994. This horror was between two tribes living in Rwanda, the Hutus and the Tutsis. Even in the capitol city of Kigali one's tribal affiliation mattered. When violence erupted in 1994, Hutu tribal members were able to slaughter nearly one million Tutsis and other targeted individuals in only three months.
There are both similarities and differences between the Nazi Holocaust and the Hutu slaughter of 1994. Both campaigns relied heavily on propaganda. In German, German citizens were told that many of Germany's problems were the fault of Jews (2, PAGE). In Rwanda, the slaughter was triggered by the crash of the President's plane, which many believed was shot down by Tutsis because the President was a Hutu. One of the few radio stations immediately launched a campaign of hate propaganda against the Tutsis. This propaganda quickly fanned flames left smoldering from previous clashes between the two tribes. In both groups, the two groups had been able to live together in civility until propaganda divided them. While some Germans were anti-Semitic prior to World War II, others worked together and mixed socially. In Rwanda, Hutus and Tutsis had been able to live together in peace for some time in spite of a bloody history. In fact, the protagonist in the movie Hotel Rwanda, married a Tutsi woman. "

Tags:Hutus, nazi, Tutsis, Jews, Elie, Weisel, humanity

Abstract
Freidrich Nietzsche observed that the world has had two dominant self concepts and systems of morality - that of the slave who views the world in terms of good and evil, and that of the master who views the world in terms of good and bad. Marx perceived the world as being divided not by morality, but by social structures and economic differentiating points that are as arbitrary as the pattern of stars in the sky. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the differences between Marx and Nietzsche in terms of the polarization of society.

Tags:marx, and, nietzsche

Abstract
In this paper, the writer looks at differences between the Christians and the Jews from the times of the New Testament. The writer examines Corinthians 1&2 and demonstrates the sources of division between the Christian and Jewish communities.

From the Paper
"In the books of the New Testament, it becomes apparent that there are significant differences between the traditions of the Jewish community and those of the newly formed Christian community. Indeed the divisions between the two religious traditions are so meaningful because they speak to the fundamental philosophical differences in their belief systems. They are carefully laid out in the First and Second Letters of Paul to the Corinthians, as Paul himself explains the true teaching of Christianity and how it differs from Judaism. Firstly Christianity endorses a more egalitarian ... "

Tags:christianity, judaism, jesus, resurrection, spiritual, law, egalitarian

Abstract
Despite their common religion, all Muslims in the world are not united. In fact, many Muslim communities experience divisions that have made them enemies with each other. The paper shows that the reasons for these divisions are many and complicated: Differing sectarian beliefs, differing cultures, differing customs and differing interpretations of their holy book, "The Koran". These divisions have caused strife and turmoil within the Muslim world for centuries. The paper shows, however, that despite the many divisions there are also those issues which draw them together and make them more aware of their common bond of religion, even uniting them behind it. Particularly strong in uniting Muslim communities has been their common perception of persecution from other religions and other cultures. This paper examines some of the main divisions within the Muslim community and their causes, as well as some of those issues which have served to draw them together.

From the Paper
"Perhaps the best-known division within the Muslim world today is the division between the radical (or fundamentalist) and traditional (or moderate) Muslims. The recent terrorist attacks on the United States have brought this particular division painfully to light. There is a growing faction within the Islamic religion of those Muslims who are adopting a radical interpretation of the teachings of the Koran. These are mostly disaffected young men and women who have been plagued by poverty in their homelands their whole lives and blame the Western nations for this state of affairs. They also accuse Western nations of trying to destroy Islam. This accusation provides the perfect rallying cry to holy war, of jihad, with the West."

Tags:Shiite, Sunni, jihad, taliban

Abstract
This paper discusses how, within Buddhism and Judaism, both religions have gone through a series of transformations, most importantly a division between more the conservative and liberal sects. It discusses the history of the transformations and then shows how these divisions are still prominent in the practice of both religions even today.

From the Paper
"A more liberal Reform Judaism came about in the 1840's through ideas influenced by the liberalization of much of the Western world. The origins of Reform Judaism began in German synagogues which proposed a modernizing of temple worship. Much of the extensive Sabbath ceremony was reduced and translated into various native languages rather than Hebrew., along with the removal of "References to the coming of Messiah, the Resurrection of the dead, or the reestablishment of Jewish nationality and the sacrificial rites of ancient Palestine," (445). They believe that Judaism is constantly changing, and unlike their Orthodox counterparts, the Torah needed to be adapted to modern living."

Tags:synagogue, worship, Zen

Abstract
The main points of the essay are outlined as follows: 1. The division of Northern Ireland and the Republic based on Protestants (Unionists) vs. Roman Catholics (Irish Nationalists); 2. Conflict of the numerous attempts to pass the Home Rule Bill; 3. Formation of the IRB and the Easter Rebellion of 1916; 4. The rise of de Valera and Michael Collins to power; 5. de Valera's acceptance of negotiations, leading to further splits, forcing Michael Collins to appear as the bad guy forming the Free State; 6. Civil War. The events leading up to the Irish Civil War make it a very complex and intricate issue. Ireland was divided in numerous ways, three of which were mentioned here: Catholics versus Protestants; for Home Rule versus against Home Rule; and for the Free State and against the Free State. The dream of the republicans was not in vain; the Irish Free State became the Republic of Ireland in 1949. The divisions of Ireland can still be seen today. Northern Ireland is still under the rule of Britain.

From the Paper
"When people think of the division between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, they often think of Protestants versus Roman Catholics. However, this is not true. This is only one of the intricate divisions that has played a role in the separation of Northern Ireland and the Republic. Their own fight for freedom against the British Empire finally drove them to two extreme poles at the negotiation tables, inevitably splitting the country in half. The focus of this paper is how events led into the Civil War and the inescapable division."

Tags:1916, catholics, collins, easter, ira, irb, irish, michael, northern, protestants, valera