Abstract
This paper discusses the ever increasing rise of juvenile crime. It has a section on how family courts have been turning to juvenile diversion programs in an attempt to deter youth from future criminal activity. The writer researches various diversion programs through a compare and contrast analysis of success and also recidivism rates for repeat offenders who attended a diversion program.

Outline:
Abstract
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of Juvenile Justice
Court Process and Secure Placement
Types of Juvenile Diversion
Literature Review
Method
Results
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Juvenile Justice System was developed over 125 years ago during the Progressive Era of the late 18th century in the United States. The Progressive Era belief was that with proper structure and disciplinary guidelines youth can be rehabilitated. Beginning in Chicago, separate juvenile court systems were established to help safeguard youths and attempt to address the needs of the offender with therapeutic rehabilitation. In exchange for special care, however, offenders in juvenile courts were not granted basic constitutional protections such as due process, pre-trial time served credit, remand to bail, and time off sentence for good behavior."

Tags:crime, juvenile crime, diversion program, recidivism, criminology

Abstract
The paper outlines the history of juvenile diversion programs in the United States, with a specific focus on California's juvenile diversion programs. The paper discusses the benefits and successes of these types of programs, looking at current diversion programs already in place. The paper examines literature that shows the financial advantages of juvenile diversion programs as compared to processing juvenile offenders through the criminal justice system. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for future studies on juvenile diversion programs.

Outline:
Introduction
Brief Background of Juvenile Delinquency and Attempts at Diversion
Support for Juvenile Diversion Programs
Background of Juvenile Diversion Programs
Pre-charge Diversion Programs
Specific Juvenile Diversion Programs Currently in Use
Brief Overview of the Juvenile Court System
Cost-Comparison of Juvenile Diversion Programs and the Criminal Justice System
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the past few decades, juvenile delinquency has emerged as a significant criminal and sociological issue, raising concern among parents, educators, policy-makers and government officials alike. Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue in the United States; in California the public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by our youth who, according to media reports, prey upon a defenseless public. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reports that on average, juveniles were involved in one-quarter of serious violent victimization annually over the last 25 years; juvenile offenders were known to be involved in about 1,100 murders in the U.S. in 2003; over 108,700 juveniles were in detention, correctional, or shelter facilities in 1995; and courts with juvenile jurisdiction disposed of more than 1.6 million delinquency cases in 2000."

Tags:delinquency, criminal, justice, system, imprisonment, correctional, strategies, detention

Abstract
This paper presents a study that shows a significant correlation between women diversion programs and recidivism rates for women. The paper relates that the hypothesis of the study is that diversion programs for women lowered recidivism rates for women. The paper also relates that the study used a survey sample of 724 women in the Onondaga County's 'Fight for Women' diversion program and 400 women not in a diversion program. The paper explains the survey results which indicate that there was a significant correlation between diversion programs and recidivism rates.

Outline:
Abstract
Method
Materials
Procedure
Mock Results
Mock Discussion

From the Paper
"As of 2004 "the federally-funded Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Technical Assistance and Policy Analysis Center for Jail Diversion (TAPA) lists 294 operating jail diversion programs nationally. These programs include a variety of pre-booking programs, which divert individuals at initial contact with law enforcement officers before formal charges are brought, and post-booking programs, which identify individuals in court or in jail for diversion at some point after arrest and booking."

Tags:incarcerated, mental, illness, methodologies

Abstract
This paper examines how, in view of the the lack of funding for new facilities and the high rate of recidivism, new programs have been initiated nationwide to help juvenile delinquency. This paper focuses on the Adolescent Diversion Project. It looks at the effectiveness of this nationwide program by addressing whether the Adolescent Diversion Project effectively accomplishes its intended goals with its clients as well as assessing how successful the Adolescent Diversion Project is at demonstrating that community-based services are an effective alternative to secure custody. It is of the opinion of the researcher that unless the program is effective in meeting its goals, it is creating a further demand on an already overburdened juvenile justice system.

Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Subjects for Study
Ethical Considerations
Measurement
Analysis

From the Paper
"Proponents of diversion cite studies such as one done in Colorado that involved comparisons between an experimental group of diverted youth and a control group who received regular handling by the Juvenile Justice System. The diversion program significantly reduced recidivism rates when compared with the control group(10). However, opponents of diversionary programs cite studies that show diversion studies are unsuccessful. An analysis of a police diversion program found that diversion appeared to aggravate rather than deter diversion. It was also found that intervention whether received in a traditional juvenile justice setting or in an alternative program, resulted in an increase in levels of perceived labeling and self-reported delinquency among youth (11)."

Tags:juvenile, delinquency, recidivism

Abstract
This paper examines juvenile diversion programs that exist within the juvenile justice system. It discusses the aims of the programs and the different options that exist within the system in terms of the offender. The paper specifically focuses on a diversion program in Riverside County and it discusses the reasons why this program is necessary.

From the Paper
"In this way, the program could be assessed and shown to be effective in reducing arrest rates, more for participants than for the population at large, but noticeably for the region as a whole. These different programs offer different sorts of diversion for youthful offenders. In addition to keeping the young offender out of the larger justice system, the programs offer specific assistance for different issues. For instance, the Police Action Counseling Team (PACT) is a program designed to minimize the harmful effects of exposure to violence on children, primarily domestic violence, and clinicians on the scene assist the children and counsel them. The program was found to have a positive effect the understanding of child psychology by deputies. Youth Accountability Teams help with the diversion of youths for minor, non-criminal acts, for first offenders, and for those best managed by local social service agencies. The target population consists of pre-delinquents and misdemeanor referrals form age 12 through 17, notably those at risk for substance abuse, truancy, family conflict, mental health, school adjustment, or gang involvement."

Tags:PACT intervention arrest, community service

Abstract
Drug diversion ( abuse of prescription drugs ) is a major problem within the United States today. It affects all levels of society and has hidden ramifications for individuals, health care professionals and institutions. This paper looks at the types of drugs that are most commonly abused and discusses the numbers of ways drugs and other pharmaceuticals are diverted from their appropriate use and sale. It also reviews the law and campaign against prescription drug abuse.

From the Paper
"According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)'s Office of Diversion control, physicians and dishonest pharmacy staff result in the majority of cases of pharmaceutical diversion (DCP, 2002). Investigation into these common sources of drug diversion is clearly inadequate. (NDSN, 1996) reports that fewer than 24 cases are prosecuted each hear in the state of California. Given that abuse of pharmaceutical drugs may be as large a drug problem as non-pharmaceutical drugs, the need for more investigation into diversion of pharmaceutical drugs is apparent."

Tags:abuse, narcotics, prescriptions, stimulants, sedatives, tranquilizers, law, fraud

Abstract
The paper discusses how sentencing offenders in jail may prove to be impractical and non-viable in terms of the economic drain on the state. The paper further points out that jailing minor offenders can make them fall prey to the bad influences of hardened criminals. The paper identifies several alternative sentencing and diversion programs but notes that there must be the necessary human, technological and financial resources to implement these programs.

From the Paper
"Indeed, alternative sentencing and diversion programs are viable substitutes to the conventional jailing method. This does not mean though that the offender gets to choose the program he or she wants but the courts should determine the best measure. In today's downturn economy, there might be no choice for the state but to implement these measures since they have been proven cost effective. This does not mean though that the government will not provide funding for alternative sentencing and diversion programs. This means that the savings in the maintenance and operation of penal facilities need to be put also in hiring penal or parole officers who will monitor offenders in alternative sentencing and diversion programs. Without the necessary funding, any program will die a natural death since there won't be any available resource to get it moving. This may be the case with California's Proposition 36 where its effectiveness "has gotten a mixed review in an evaluation of the program by UCLA. The program, which was designed to provide treatment as an alternative to incarceration for nonviolent adult drug offenders, has been hampered by a lack of funding, high dropout rates and a statewide increase in drug-related arrest. (Drug Policy Alliance, 2009)" Thus to realize fulfillment and achievement of goals, the plans for the implementation of alternative sentencing and diversion programs should and must be well developed and the execution thereof has the necessary human, technological and financial resources needed to get it and keep it going."

Tags:rehabilitation, monitoring, community, service, drug, courts

Abstract
The paper looks at an article by Richard MacClure et al (2003) entitled, "Young Offender Diversion in Canada: Tensions and Contradictions of Social Policy Appropriation." As time permits, the writer argues that, while well-intentioned, MacClure and his colleagues have produced a deeply-flawed work inasmuch as the methodology is far too narrow for the question being pursued, the focus appears to be somewhat unclear (chiefly owing to the title) and the interview itself invites concerns about bias and about how truthful the respondents really were in answering the queries of the scholars. The writer reaches the conclusion that the article suffers because its methodology is simply far too superficial and limited.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at an article by Richard MacClure et al (2003) entitled, "Young Offender Diversion in Canada: Tensions and Contradictions of Social Policy Appropriation." As time permits, I will argue that, while well-intentioned, MacClure and his colleagues have produced a deeply-flawed work inasmuch as the methodology is far too narrow for the question being pursued, the focus appears to be somewhat unclear (chiefly owing to the title) and the interview itself invites concerns about bias and about how truthful the respondents really were in..."

Tags:macclure, young, offender

Abstract
This paper is an analysis of the characteristics of diversity, focusing on benefits, challenges and finally scrutinizing various techniques of managing the diversity at individual and organizational levels. It discusses the workforce in terms of diversity as a legal obligation and also changing workforce demographics due to organizations' needs. The paper aims at highlighting various characteristics of diversity while focusing on benefits, challenges and finally scrutinizing various techniques of managing the diversity at individual and organizational level.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
What is Diversity
Reasons for Emergence of Diversity
Characteristics of Diversity
Different Communication Patterns
Benefits of Diversity
The Challenges
Individual Approaches to Managing Diversity
Organizational Approaches to Managing Diversity
Conclusion
References
Table-1: Salary Differentials
Table-2: Overall Population Growth and Racial Composition

From the Paper
"No two humans are alike. People are different not only in gender, culture, race, social and psychological characteristics but also in their perspectives and prejudices. Society had discriminated on these aspects for centuries. Women and minority groups were denied of their due rights. But not any more. Since 1960s, when federal legislation prohibited employment discrimination, minorities and female applicants have become the fastest-growing segment in the work force. Diversity makes the work-force heterogeneous. The work-force diversity used in the corporate world today is the varied characteristics of employees working in same organization. Despite the magnitude of the ethical, legal, economic, social, and political dimensions that define diversity initiatives in the workplace, the fields of human resource development and continuing professional education have yet to develop an integrated vision for creating more inclusive work environments. There are issues being raised. Dominant groups including top level managers are not fully prepared to accept the reality. There are communication problems as well. But then there are enormous benefits too. Organizations that are still lacking in this field will have to initiate measures to make their workforce diverse in order to compete or even survive in the coming decades."

Tags:discrimination, diversity, issues, management, managing, workforce

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify effective strategies that may be applied by employing organizations to attain diversity goals. Data was collected and analyzed from a sample of 32 private sector organizations with 500 or more employees. The study found that both functional and hierarchical diversity in organizations are related significantly to: diversity program structure, rank and file support for the program, community support for the program, top management support for the program, program participation requirements, and program communications. The paper includes charts and statistics as well as the questionnaire used in the study.

Contents:
Introduction to the Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definitions of Terms
Overview of the Study
Review of the Literature
Introduction
Group Values and Social Identity
Formation and Roles of Groups
Governmental Framework for the
Management of Diversity
The "Glass Ceiling" Issue
Alternative Explanations for the
Under Representation of Women in
Top Management
The Role of Achievement Motivation
Organizational Strategies for the
Management of Diversity
Dimensions of Diversity and
Diversity Management
Responses to Increased
Cultural Diversity
Discussion of the Literature
Review Findings
Literature Review Summary
Methodology
Introduction
Research Design
Hypotheses
Operationalizing the Variables
Population and Sample
Instrumentation and Data Collection
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Overview of the Findings
Results of the Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis 1 Results
Hypothesis 2 Results
Hypothesis 3 Results
Hypothesis 4 Results
Summary, Discussion and Recommendations
Summary of the Study
Discussion of the Findings
Recommendations for Further Research
Appendix
References

From the Paper
"Mandatory participation in diversity programs was found to be associated with the highest levels of diversity, and optional participation in diversity programs was found to be associated with higher levels of diversity than that found in organizations with no diversity programs. Program communication that was both frequent and scheduled was found to be associated with the highest levels of diversity, and programs were communication was sporadic were found to be associated with higher levels of diversity than that found in organizations with no diversity programs."

Tags:management, business, organization, flexibility, diverse