Abstract
This paper examines the topic of ocean tides, the periodic rise and fall of the ocean waters due to the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on the surface of the earth. It looks at what causes tides, what are high and low tides, the different types of tides, the phenomenon of tidal currents and waves, the effect of tides on the coastlines and on fishing and how tides can be harnessed for energy. It also discusses other areas in which knowledge of tidal data can prove useful.

Outline
What Causes Tides?
High and Low Tides
Lunar and Solar Tides
Tidal Period
Spring and Neap Tides
Diurnal, Semi-Diurnal and Mixed Tides
Effect of Tides on Coastlines
Effect of Tides on Fishing
Tides in Gulf of Mexico and the Texas Gulf Coast Regions
Tidal Energy
Other Applications

From the Paper
"The gravitational force of the earth at its surface acts in an inward direction towards its center. This force keeps the ocean (and other) waters confined to the surface. At the same time, the gravitational force of the moon and the sun exert an outward pull on the surface of the earth. Since the earth solid surface is a rigid body, it remains relatively unaffected by this "pull." However, the ocean waters, being liquid and less rigid, are physically pulled outwards towards the moon and the sun by their gravitational force. This outward pull is not uniform over the earth's surface since the gravitational force of the moon (or the sun) acts on the side of the earth facing it. Hence "high tide" is produced in the ocean waters by the "heaping" action resulting from the horizontal flow of water towards regions of the earth facing the moon or the sun."

Tags:coastline, energy, water, solar, lunar

Abstract
The paper looks at how Cleopatra worked to preserve Egypt's independence and restore the empire to its former glory. The paper discusses how her union with Caesar and her association with Antony were only in order to maintain control of Egypt. The paper also relates that during her reign, the country enjoyed not only unity but power, prestige, and a Roman ideal of diurnal living.

From the Paper
"Cleopatra was not only Queen of Egypt, but a learned scholar as well. It was during her reign that the Library in Alexandria was most noteworthy. Cleopatra's focus on the arts as well, with her architecture pursuits though not rivaling Queen Hatshepsut's were in their own regards remarkable. Cleopatra VII began her rule as a forced consort to either her brother or her son yet throughout he reign she remained primary regent to the throne and thus her status as a powerful queen was established (History of Cleopatra. 2006: paragraph one).
"One of Cleopatra VII's first rulings as queen of Egypt in order to establish her rule was to have her portrait be the staple of the currency of the time. When Cleopatra VII took the throne with her brother/son who was eight years her junior, the Egyptian empire was in dire straits. Cyprus, Coele-Syria and Cyrenaica were myths and there was complete chaos beyond Egypt and there was famine in the homeland. Cleopatra VII was a very stalwart Macedonian queen who wanted Egypt to reign supreme in the world and began her empire in just such an attempt (Cleopatra 2002; paragraph two)."

Tags:Caesar, Antony, Rome, empire, power, independence

Abstract
The paper discusses how in the recent decades, air pollution in British Columbia has become an increasingly serious problem as the sources of such pollution are divided between those pollutants that are external to the province, such as transboundary pollution and those sources that are internal and pertain to either man-made or natural sources of pollution. The paper explains that with an increasing population and a corresponding rise in the amount of traffic in this area, the air quality in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia has been the subject of a serious debate. The paper relates that currently, the air quality in the Fraser Valley exceeds the Canada-Wide Standard (CWS) for ozone and is now close to exceeding the CWS for Particulate Matter.

From the Paper
"In the recent decades, air pollution in British Columbia has become an increasingly serious problem as the sources of such pollution are divided between those pollutants that are external to the province, such as transboundary pollution and those sources that are internal and pertain to either man-made or natural sources of pollution. With an increasing..."

Tags:diurnal, ozone, pollution

Abstract
Melatonin is a substance that is used in the husbandry of a variety of producing animals in agriculture. The substance is available for such applications as both injections and implants for the purpose of boosting melatonin levels in production animals. Alternatively, some research has indicated that melatonin production in agricultural animals can be increased through the use of supplemental light. This paper proposes a study to determine the effect of supplemental lighting on melatonin production in dairy cattle and to determine the effects of increased levels of melatonin production in dairy cattle on the productive output of such cattle. The paper also includes a literature review of the subject.

From the Paper
"In the contemporary period, diary farmers face increasing economic pressures through the interaction of demands for reduced market prices and increased costs of production inputs. Government subsidies no longer can be relied upon to provide stability in dairy farming. Thus, dairy farmers must seek ways to improve the productivity of their operations where possible. A failure to identify and implement effective strategies to improve productivity will lead to further declines in agriculture generally and for the quality of rural life more specifically."

Tags:agriculture, BSE, diurnal, pineal, gland