Abstract
The following assingment is for a first year urban studies course. The assignment focuses on the Distillery District. The assignment itself is a paper that looks at three aspects of the distillery district. The first is the redevelopment history. The second is the change in the neibhourhood itself. The third is the an overall analysis.

From the Paper
The Distillery District, Urban Redevelopment And Gentrification Redevelopment Proposals The distillery district is the prime example of urban redevelopment on the Toronto waterfront. The area that is now known as the distillery district was a crumbling industrial area with no real future. For example, in "The Distillery District" Jon Caulfield, defines the distillery district as, ...it is a dense complex of mostly 19th-century industrial buildings two kilometres east of the downtown core, structures that once housed Canada's largest whisky manufacturer,

Tags:distillery, district, gentrification

Abstract
The paper discusses an intervention in the Los Angeles Unified School District that would improve teacher leadership.

From the Paper
"The Los Angeles Unified School District, hereinafter called simply the District, is the second largest public school system in the United States and one of the largest organizations of any kind, public or private in the country. Serving a multicultural population of almost ... students, the District is under constant public scrutiny, enormous pressure to improve or reform and subject to perennial debate about whether it should be broken up, taken over or..."

Tags:educational leadership, Los Angeles Unified School District

Abstract
The paper discusses the case of "San Antonio School District v. Rodriguez" which dealt with the method of financing public education in Texas.

From the Paper
"Over the course of the past three or more decades, school finance reform has become a controversial issue that has resulted in numerous courtcases. School finance litigation has been addressed at the state district and national levels. The case to be analyzed herein is "San Antonio School District v. Rodriguez" - a case originating in Texas in which a federal district court declared in ... that the Texas school finance system was unconstitutional in..."

Tags:San Antonio School District v. Rodriguez, school financing

Abstract
This paper focuses on the school district in Bibb County, Georgia, under Superintendent Sharon Patterson. The paper describes the district as low-income overall, with 70 percent deemed economically disadvantaged. This is not a district with a high rate of immigration among the poor, the paper notes, and indeed only one percent are categorized as English language learners. The number of studnts ikn th district in 2006 stood at 24,662. The district is centered in Macon, Georgia and covers some 28 elementary schools, 6 middle schools, and six high schools.

From the Paper
"The school district is in Bibb County, Georgia, under Superintendent Sharon Patterson. Overall, this is a poor district, with 70 percent deemed economically disadvantaged. This is not a district with a high rate of immigration among the poor, and indeed only one percent are categorized as English language learners. The number of studnts ikn th district in 2006 stood at 24,662. The district is centered in Macon, Georgia and covers some 28 elementary schools, 6 middle schools, and six high schools (Georgia Department of Education, 2007, Tables). The city of Macon in Bibb County is the rtail, medical, financial, educational, and cultural center of what remains a largely rural sector."

Tags:poverty, education, profile, South

Abstract
This paper explains that the Delaware Valley School District (Pennsylvania) implemented Policy 227 stating that all middle and high school students who seek to participate in extracurricular activities or request permission to drive to school would be required to submit themselves to random drug and alcohol testing; thereafter, Louis and Mary Ellen Theodore, parents of two exemplary students, filed suit to prevent the School District from continuing to drug test students by stating that Article 1, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution, which prevents unreasonable searches and seizures, protects their daughters and all students from Policy 227. The author reports that the United States Supreme Court ruled against the school district stating that a drug testing policy without suspicion will survive constitutional challenge only if the school district makes some actual reasons for the specific need for the policy and gives an explanation for believing that the policy would address that need, rejecting any such symbolic purpose as an appropriate reason for drug testing any group of students. The paper argues that Policy 227 is a fine policy with good intentions; instead, the paper contends that Policy 227 should be changing to only test athletes and student drivers, allowing the school district to cite the "Earls" and "Vernonia" cases as being more comparable thus possibly changing the outcome.

From the Paper
"Another pro for the appellees were their ability to further distinguish themselves from "Vernonia" in the fact that case concerned a "strong drug culture in that school led by student athletes who had a lower expectation of privacy than the general body or even students involved in non-athletics extra-curricular activities." Appellees noted that the District had not even attempted to justify its program by proving the existence of an actual drug crisis in the District, much less within the targeted class of students" (J-97-2003, 7). In fact, since Article 1, section 8, provides greater protection than the 4th amendment, the appellees where able to further argue that "even showing of special need could not be viewed as justifying the sort of random, suspicionless searches conducted under policy 227" (J-97-2003, 7)."

Tags:veronia, extra-curricular, crisis, symbolic, pennsylvania

Abstract
This paper examines a budget of a school district in Georgia. The school district in question is the Bibb County School District which has a budget of approximately $180m. The budget is separated into two broad categories: revenues and expenditures with various sub-categories within each. The paper explains that approximately 67% of the school district's budget is committed directly to student education and education related programs.

From the Paper
"The school district in question is the Bibb County School District which has a budget of approximately $180m. The budget is separated into two broad categories: revenues and expenditures with various sub-categories within each. Approximately 67% of the school district's budget is committed directly to student education and education related programs. Finance and Budgets Overview A typical budget consists of many different components that are each .. "

Tags:revenue, education

Abstract
The paper analyzes the status of the redevelopment plan for the Channel District in Tampa, Florida as well as the relevant issues, including funding, bringing in new business and attracting people to reside in the area. The paper focuses on the issues that are stalling this plan and the actions that are required by the government to make the Channel District project come to fruition. The paper shows how the Channel District addressed all aspects of redevelopment including that of public utilities as well as design, architectural constructions, sustainability in construction, transportation issues and pedestrian issues.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Background
Community Redevelopment Area Designation for the District
Guiding Principles
Key Market Condition Benchmarks
Potable Water System
Utility Systems
Communication Systems
Fire Stations
Transportation Systems
Project Phasing
Phase-Specific Information
Urban Planning for Residential Housing
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"After several decades of relative decline and inactivity, the District gained new importance as targeted public investment in infrastructure by the City and the Port Authority began to reverse the decline. The development of the Florida Aquarium, new cruise terminals, Channelside mixed-use development, redevelopment of Channelside Drive, and the TECO Line Streetcar System brought increased activity. and supported cruise industry expansion. Recent City of Tampa redevelopment initiatives, including establishment of the Community Redevelopment Area designation for the District, and the Tampa-Hillsborough County Expressway Authority's current development of Meridian Avenue as a major transportation improvement gateway has energized the current development impetus. The new urban form rising in the area today represents the Channel District's 21st century form of mid/high rise and high-density mixed-use development. Without question, the Channel District represents a unique opportunity for the Tampa community to guide the development of a special place; a new and different urban, mixed-use, transit-related residential neighborhood, adjacent to the Central Business District. (Channel District Redevelopment Area Strategic Action Plan, nd)"

Tags:developers, neighborhood, transportation, infrastructure, construction, water, parks

Abstract
Modern classrooms must implement several programs to offer an effective educational curriculum to special needs students such as English Language Learners (ELL). Programs will differ from school to school or district to district depending upon demographics and resources available. This paper shows that the several programs offered in the Redlands Unified School District take such considerations into account. The district offers a comprehensive program to start ELL students on their transition to the general education mainstream classroom starting in kindergarten. The paper shows that the students and their parents are offered techniques to obtain the proper education while they learn English. The programs used there, plus several others, are making the California classroom a less stressful and more productive place for ELL students to learn.

From the Paper
"Orando and Rothstein (as cited in Slavin, 2003) state that the educational system is presented with a dilemma when it comes to limited English proficient students. The dilemma is this: The students need to learn English in order to function in society, but how much instruction should they get in their first language? English language learners (ELL) need more aid in learning all subjects because they are also trying to learn English at the same time (Johnson, Musial, Hall, Gollnick & Dupuis, 2005). Those that do speak some English may speak it with an accent or in a dialect and thus feel more comfortable using their primary language during some lessons (Lewis & Doorlag, 2003)."

Tags:diversity, multiculturism, ESL, proficiency, curriculum

Abstract
This paper looks at the U.S. District Court of the Northern District of California and describes nine of the courts' essential functions and the necessity of these functions in order for the courts to continue to operate properly. It concludes with an overview of the subject matter addressed as well as some thoughts from the author.

Outline:
Finance/Accounting
Legal Advocates and Court Interpreters
Technical Support and Litigants
Calendar Clerks and Court Personnel
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The court takes advantage of the opportunity of technology in benefits for users and the court. The strategy of using technology in the court will benefit the transacting process by setting standards and guidelines for the systematic implementation and integration of information technology into the courts. The Technical Support and litigants are to support the Court's administration; judicial function and the way the information are delivered. The use of a program called "eCourt" will be used. The eCourt program has a least amount of disruptions and efficiently deliveries the information to the needed destinations. Another advantage of technology in benefits to the court is the use of digital telephone services and video conferencing for the courts. "

Tags:litigants, Calendar, Clerks, ecourt

Abstract
The paper proposes that a "first view" of the Spadina district is an exercise in contradiction. The paper examines how we are used to thinking of residential and industrial/commercial uses as occupying distinct "zones" of our urban spaces, the development of the Spadina district has been defined over time by an intimate and dynamic interrelationship of these two uses of urban space. As this essay reveals, this mixture of uses has continued to define the Spadina district into the present day.

Tags:spadina, urban, history