Abstract
This paper argues the concept of distributive justice, the belief that it is within the government's purview to manage the wealth of society and redistribute it when moral and necessary so that everyone in the society may enjoy the benefit of equal opportunity. It looks at how the system, the brainchild of Harvard Professor John Rawls, has been widely implemented and how it has received praise and criticism for its treatment of government, civil society and human rights. Rawls sees distributive justice as being a result of social, political and contractarian arrangements in the context of several different systems of political thought which all value freedom of thought and the ability of all members of society to partake in public life.

From the Paper
"A comprehensive doctrine is an ideology or political methodology that is self-contained, has its own metaphysical principles and draws conclusions from its own premises. For example, Muslim fundamentalism accepts as a given that there is no God but Allah, and that Mohammed is his prophet. Similarly, the Austrian School of Economics, the basis for modern libertarianism, is based on the praxiological premises of Ludwig Von Mises that hold that all members of a society are independent and rational actors who seek to meet their individual ends via the context of civil society."

Tags:John, Rawls

Abstract
The paper analzyes Nozick's ideas from his book "Anarchy, State, and Utopia" as well as Rawls' theories from his work "A Theory of Justice". The paper shows how Nozick challenges John Rawls' theories, which basically claim that all trade or distribution must be fair, and instead argues that if an agreement was made, then that is fair, even if in retrospect it is discovered that it is not. The paper discusses how Nozick is generally not considered an anarchist, but a libertarian, and explains the problem reconciling utilitarianism with distributive justice. The paper also shows how both philosophers contributed massively to the idea of justice and fairness, even though their opinions were largely in opposition.

From the Paper
"We've all hear the term a "fair share". As children we are taught that when we don't have what everyone else does, it is not fair. The concept of fairness is something that children base their playful activities on. Fair share is a term that can refer to anything, but politically speaking, most often this is a term used to represent the government share of resource revenues. Fair share is the idea behind what political philosophers call "distributive justice", a term (like fair share) that basically means that each individual as a member of a diverse society is allowed an equal share of the resources available. The term encompasses the quantity of goods to be distributed, and how they will be allocated."

Tags:egalitarianism, libertarianism, anarchism, agreements, self-interest, utilitarianism

Abstract
The paper looks at how John Locke, in "The Second Treatise", defines the method of just property acquisition, and how Rawls in "Justice as Fairness" promotes two "principles of justice". The paper explains how Locke attaches great importance to the protection of property rights for individuals, while Rawls considers the meaning of such property rights for the least-advantaged people in society. The paper outlines the problems with Locke's views as well as the objections to Rawls' theory of distributive justice through regulation and taxes. The paper reaches the conclusion that Rawls' theory of just property acquisition benefits society to a greater extent than does Locke's theory.

From the Paper
"John Locke defines the method of just property acquisition in The Second Treatise. Labor is the basis of owning property for Locke: if a man "mixes his labor" with land or livestock, he owns it (Locke 274). For example, if he exerts the effort to till the land or maintain the livestock, the land and livestock are his property. He gained them from the use of his own person's labor, because "every man has a property in his own person" (274). Locke attempts to prove the soundness of this idea by arguing that if land is not cultivated, it has no value to society; therefore cultivated land, even if it is taken out of the category of "common ownership," actually does more good for society if owned privately (279). Locke does partially address the problem of accumulating wealth and increasing inequality. According to Locke, an individual only has the right to "as much as he could make use of" (279); if his property spoils, he has deprived other people by not using it when they could have instead. However, money and precious metals do not spoil, and so, he says, one has the right to accumulate money. Locke admits money as the primary exception to his "spoil" rule (286)."

Tags:taxes, regulation, government, inheritance, equality

Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses whether the existence of poverty implies that the socio-economic system is unjust. The writer also examines whether the concentration of poverty in certain groups make it more unjust than it would otherwise be. Further, the writer looks at what moral obligations, if any, do businesses have to reduce poverty and if relevant what steps they should they take. The theories of John Rowls and E.F. Schumacher are used for the analyses.

From the Paper
"This essay looks at the philosophical theory of John Rawls, where he proposes a definition of justice that equals fairness. In his theory Rawls attempts to reconcile liberty and equality. Using Rawls' point of view the essay attempts to examine, from the philosophical point of view, whether the existence of poverty today implies that our socio-economic system is unjust and whether the concentration of poverty in certain groups makes it even more unjust. In his book "A Theory of Justice" John Rawls brings together egalitarian and liberal political philosophies. Keeping in mind that egalitarian philosophy is concerned mostly with big gap between rich and poor, and liberal political philosophy emphasized the freedoms and individual rights, Rawls managed to reconcile two opposing trends."

Tags:businessethics, distributivejustice, johnrawls

Abstract
The writer looks into the consequences of the merger wave and how those consequences will eventually impact the allocation of private and social goods and services to individuals in our communities. The paper defines the terms and analyses the potentially dangerous outcome of the growth of large corporations.

From the Paper
"Several philosophers have gone beyond merely considering the foregoing concepts of justice and principles of distribution, to develop alternative theories of justice in economic distribution in which these concepts and principles " . . . can be assessed and then modified, discarded or defended." Let me now begin a discussion of these economic theories, namely, the views of utilitarianism and libertarianism, as well as John Rawls's ideas about distributive justice. Thereafter, I will examine Rawls's theory of justice more closely and consider the arguments in favor of and in opposition to his primary propositions."

Tags:wealth, business, economic, conflict, goods, services

Abstract
Determining how well-suited distributive justice theories are as frameworks for formulating and/or defending the justice-related grievances and aspirations of homeless people can best be achieved by focusing on a particular theory. Narrowing the focus primarily to the work of a specific distributive justice theorist, such as John Rawls, provides a concise and clearly defined framework which can then be systematically applied to homelessness issues. This paper examines the applicability of Rawls' theory in the context of addressing the grievances and aspirations of homeless people.

Tags:rawls, homeless, people

Abstract
This paper is a comparison between the political theories of John Rawls and Robert Nozick and their opinions on distributive justice. Very emotive examples are utilised throughout this paper and the welfare state and the legitimacy of such a system is discussed. The Rawls' 'veil of ignorance' to legitimise the welfare state is described and the counter arguments of Nozick are reviewed. Finally, there is also a mention of morality and philanthropy.

From the Paper
"Rawls's theory is based upon the view that there should be an equal distribution of the wealth of society among all individuals, where "everyone should have an equal share" (Clayton et al, 2002, p165). He believes that all individuals have an equal claim to these benefits and that individuals should not be "advantaged or disadvantaged by natural future or social circumstances" (John Rawls, 1971, p18) in their lives which they have no direct control over, such as family, social class, and physical and mental attributes. His view is that men are born into different positions within society and so they have different expectations of life determined, in part by the political system, as well as by economic and social circumstances and in this way the institutions of society "favour certain starting places over others" (Ibid, 1971, p7). "

Tags:Veil, of, Ignorance, welfare, state, Rights, liberties, Locke

Abstract
This paper is a case study of a migration project involving the introduction of a new channel of business to Home Accessories International, a provider of accessories to the home. The paper specifically focuses on a windowsill protector product line. The new channel is online distribution of this product (e-tailing).

Table of Contents:
Project Overview
Management Summary
Introduction
Migration Issues
Impact of E-tailing on Relationship with Existing Network of Specialised Distributors
Maintaining Existing Customer Loyalty to the HAI Brand Despite the Changing Channel of Distribution
Researching Legal Issues of Internet Based Distribution in an International Setting
Costs and Delivery Time-frame
Periodic Updates for Senior Management and Other Stakeholders
Conclusion
Appendix A

From the Paper
"Home Accessories International (HAI) is a provider of various accessories to the home. Traditionally distribution of goods has been performed via a network of specialised distributors across Australia, New Zealand and Ireland. Senior management has recently decided to migrate an existing product line, windowsill protectors, to an online distribution system (e-tailing) in order to reduce the costs involved in relying on agents to market the goods to retail customers. This will be a test case which will be closely observed by other divisions of HAI. If successful, implementation will be extended throughout the company. E-tailing is unlikely to attract new customers in the first instance and this is not the aim of the project. Management will be satisfied to maintain the existing customer base during the first year of online operation."

Tags:accessories, commerce, distribution, e, implementation, legislation, product, quality, tailing

Abstract
This paper is a case study involving the introduction of a new channel of business to Gripping Stuff Entertainment. The case study introduces online distribution of the product while maintaining the loyalty of the existing customer base and then increasing its size through implementation of a loyalty scheme.

Table of Contents:

Project Overview
Management Summary
Introduction
Migration Issues
Encouraging Customers to Utilise Internet Rentals Over Traditional Rentals From a Physical Store
Increase Existing Customer Loyalty to the GSE Brand Despite the Changing Channel of Distribution
Grow the Core of the Business by Increasing Market Penetration/Customer Base
Costs and Delivery Time-Frame
Periodic Updates for Senior Management and Other Stakeholders
Conclusion
Appendix A

From the Paper
"Gripping Stuff Entertainment (GSE) is an entertainment service provider specialising in movie rentals. Traditionally distribution of videos and DVDs was accomplished via the GSE stores from which they were rented. Senior management has recently decided to migrate from the traditional distribution system to an online version in order to reduce costs resulting from physical storefront rentals and maintenance and also in order expand the customer base. A very real risk is that existing customers will be drawn over to competing home entertainment providers while GSE implements this migration. In order to mitigate this risk and also to increase general customer loyalty to the GSE brand, a loyalty programme will be launched and integrated with the new internet distribution channel. Offering loyalty incentives to those customers who choose to utilise the internet mode of distribution will increase internet sales penetration of the market while increasing overall loyalty to GSE."

Tags:channels, cinema, distribution, download, dvd, marketing, migration, movies, rental

Abstract
This paper describes Scottish Newcastle (SN), an Edinburgh Scotland-based brewer, with international distribution. The author points out the company's desire to expand its distribution to travel venues. The paper suggest channels of distribution to support this strategy.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine an account of channels of distribution for the products of Scottish Newcastle (SN), an Edinburgh Scotland-based brewer, that has international scope. The company, which is traded publicly and is listed on the London Stock Exchange, reportedly is in the top ... by sales volume in the world. That information is in the background of a trade-publication article describing SN's deliberate expansion of marketing efforts to widen its channels of distribution in major travel venues in particular with ..."

Tags:Channels, of, distribution, Scottish, &, Newcastle, beers