Abstract
This paper considers heterogenity, openness, scalability, security, concurrency, failure handling and transparency in distributed databases. It defines "distributed databases." The paper provides an analysis of its benefits and looks at productivity gains and security issues.

From the Paper
"As its name suggests a distributed database is a collection of data that is located in several different physical locations-that is distributed over several resources-while operating as a single logical database. This provides system managers the ability to distribute the database over multiple systems depending on system resources and to use either local or wide area networks to access the data. When this type of database configuration is used there are obviously many different factors that need to be taken into account ..."

Tags:distributed, databases

Abstract
This paper discusses how although traditional training has encompassed human interaction and group project teams to complete goals, distributed support systems allow for individualized training of those with disabilities. It looks at how this approach allows for individual tasks to be learned more effectively and how the researchers contend that it will lead the person to eventually not need supportive training in the future.

Tags:distributed, support, systems

Abstract
This paper examines the issue of distributed denial of service attacks and how to use predictive analysis to detect such attacks on computer networks.

From the Paper
"Denial of service attacks receive considerable media attention because they have the ability to shut down the Net or at least portions of it. Businesses and individuals alike have come to depend on the World Wide Web for commerce, entertainment and information and the realization that the Web is vulnerable to attack causes concern. Defending against denial of service attacks is an important part of an organization's security plan but can be difficult to accomplish because of ..."

Tags:DDOS, DOS, Distributed denial of service attacks, denial of service

Abstract
This paper considers various aspects of distributed file systems, including implementation and scalability.

From the Paper
"Today's computer systems are highly dependent on distributed file systems. Although today's computer systems have storage capacity far greater than at any time in the past and although that storage is less expensive than at any time previous there is so much data to be stored, referenced and accessed that without distributed file systems it would be nearly impossible for today's systems to be as widespread as they are. Distributed file systems offer greater flexibility to companies and organizations by making it possible ..."

Tags:distributed file systems, shared file systems

Abstract
This paper examines distributed database systems. The paper first defines a distributed database system and discusses how such a system works. The paper then looks at the advantages and disadvantages to this type of system. In addition, the paper discusses aspects such as economics, infrastructure, maintenance and the necessary management system to ensure its smooth use.

From the Paper
"It goes without saying that the transactions on the system must also be transparent, which is to say that each transaction must maintain database integrity across the entire system of multiple databases. Each transaction is divided into subtransactions, and thus each of the subtransactions will only affect the single database which it is accessing."
"There are advantages and disadvantages to this type of system and the decision to use such a distributed database is contingent upon several factors. When economics is considered, as it generally is, the cost of setup and operation of a series of small computers is less than the purchase and maintainance of one giant computer. Naturally when a series of smaller and separate databases are running, the downtime for one affects only that particular server, where with a single large computer, when it is down the entire system is down."

Tags:transactions, network, infrastructure

Abstract
This study aims to test the hypothesis that distributed order management systems significantly increase the velocity and accuracy of transactions throughout a global enterprise. The paper centers on the rapid growth of distributed order management systems and the increasing globalization of manufacturing, as is exemplified by the rapid growth of China as a global manufacturing center.

Outline:
Part 1: Objectives and Executive Summary
Part 2: Introduction and Background
Part 3: Literature Review
Part 4: Research Objectives and Methodology

From the Paper
"Order broker (integration framework)--In addition to the reliable and scalable messaging found in leading Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) systems, the systems must be specialized to deal with the way orders are decomposed and processed. First, it must have a universal order object that has several key attributes: order line independence, ability to translate a single order and order lines into all of the required activities including the generation of purchase orders, service orders, manufacturing order and distribution orders, and ability to define dependencies between the individual order lines. The order definition is then connected to the order broker, which can be based on a standard EAI system or a vendor's own messaging layer that prepares the instructions for the various parties and defines the format of the business documents and communication methods."

Tags:global, manufacturing, transaction, velocity, urgency, pricing, vendors, content, accuracy

Abstract
The paper considers the ability to manage shared voice and data, one-to-many and many-to-many configurations, availability of service, speed and cost of telecommunications and distributed technology systems. The paper shows how for global teams, ATM and frame relay are the most efficient and capable of supporting the levels of response times and collaboration necessary, while for local networks, the use of T1, ISDN and DSL are more cost-effective and capable of delivering the levels of performance necessary to ensure collaboration.

Outline:
Introduction
Ranking the Efficiency of Telecommunications and Distributed Connectivity Systems
Summary

From the Paper
"The origin of telecommunications and distributed connectivity systems that eventually grew to encompass LANs and WANs began with the Plain Old Telephone System (POTS) that enabled bidirectional communication, yet did little to nurture and serve as the catalyst for collaboration across teams either locally or globally. The growth of POTS-based systems to include basic telephone systems services to include Office Premises Extensions (OPX), Wide Area Telecommunications Services (WATS), and Private Branch Exchange (PBX) made it possible for teams to have one-to-many and many-to-many conference calls and discussions. Datasets and information that corresponded to the voice calls often traveled through manually-based approaches, from sending diskettes around to the first e-mail applications. Often conference calls were impeded by the lack of similar fluidity of data. The need for integrated voice and data became evident as WANs became the new standard for sharing data and voice communications throughout an organization."

Tags:configurations, voice, data, response, time

Abstract
The paper explains that Distributed Denial of Service attacks involve breaking into multiple computers and installing DDoS software in them, which enables the attacker to control these computers and make coordinated attacks on targeted websites, which overwhelms their bandwidth, diminishes their router processing capacity, and breaks network connectivity. The paper relates that computers with inadequate security are generally targeted first by attackers, for the defects in their network service programs and weak configurations are easy to exploit.

From the Paper
"Distributed Denial of Service attacks involve breaking into multiple computers and installing DDoS software in them, which enables the attacker to control these computers and make coordinated attacks on targeted websites, which overwhelms their bandwidth, diminishes their router processing capacity, and breaks network connectivity. Computers with inadequate security are generally targeted first by attackers, for the defects in their network service programs and weak configurations are easy..."

Tags:ddos, attack, issues

From the Paper
"Distributed databases have the ability to be divided so that pieces of the databases can be physically located closest to where the data will be used. This enables companies to move from single-site databases built around mainframes to a network of locally placed but globally accessible databases which may even be on different classes of computers. This research examines the rise of distributed databases, their advantages and disadvantages, the environment necessary for their implementation, and an examination of how they may be used in the near future.

Data processing has evolved through three stages since 1955: decentralized, centralized, and distributed. When computers were first introduced to business, they were used by autonomous business units for specialized purposes. Networking ... '

Abstract
This paper explains that a distributed system consists of a number of independent processors, storage devices, and databases, ensuring two-way flow of information among them in order to achieve a common goal, such as the massive distributed system, the World Wide Web. The author points out that the operational failure of the distributed systems is attributed to many reasons, including the architectural design, which is needlessly complicated because the theoretical models are not capable of providing accurate results. The paper recommends that research on the performance-oriented operating systems must concentrate on the performance as a whole rather than merely contributing to the marginal development at the bottom stage of the distributed system.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Findings
Evaluation and Analysis
Conclusion
Recommendations

From the Paper
"The large distributed systems are developed and experimented in a much-reduced environment. Normally trial run is done to ensure its proper functioning in a miniature environment before its actual expansion to the larger production environment. Even if the reliable functioning is ensured quickly through this process, yet it never solves the accomplishment issues of the distributed system for a long period. This also neither ensures economical procurement of the hardware. Various accomplishment issues of the distributed system are grouped under several heads. Firstly, the users in an interactive environment are required to have quick responsiveness ensuring rapid and steady reply to the interactions. Secondly, the throughput indicating is the processing speed of the system should be compatible to the workload. Thirdly the quality of services of the distribution system should be matching to the needs of the users. Fourthly, balanced distribution of the computer loads involving inter-host mobility of the works."

Tags:whole, internet, failure, architecture, research