Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that cell phone use in vehicles is a growing concern around the globe. The writer points out that many individuals and authorities believe that the use of cellular phones while driving contributes to the number of motor vehicle accidents on the road systems. The writer discusses that cognitive psychologists have studied this matter thoroughly in order to determine whether or not cellular phones pose a risk to driver performance. The majority of these studies have confirmed the suspicions and provided empirical evidence showing that the use of a cell phone while driving severely decreases driver attention and slows down reaction times to visual stimuli. This paper discusses two studies in particular that examine the perception of visual stimuli by drivers in relation to cellular phone use. Furthermore, research is proposed that would build upon the two articles discussed by combining the topics and determining exactly what kinds of hands-free devices used with cell phones, if any, are the most effective in creating a safe driving environment.

Outline:
Abstract
References

From the Paper
"In today's technology driven world nearly everyone takes measures to increase their accessibility to the outside world. These measures include e-mail, fax, the Internet, and cellular phones, just to name a few. However, as with all new advancements in technology and society, the increased accessibility to the outer world comes with a number of negative side effects or drawbacks. One area in which these drawbacks are highly pronounced is driving. Driving used to be a relatively simple task, with few cars on the road, few distractions, and a lack of any form of technology within the vehicle beyond a steering wheel, gear shift, mirrors, gas pedal and break - all items required for driving the vehicle. Today, however, cars come equipped with high powered stereo systems, compasses, electronic-visual navigation systems, televisions, drink holders, fax machines, outlets for computers, and cellular phones. "

Tags:handheld, concentration, focus, distraction, attention

Abstract
This ten-page paper presents a detailed look at the topic of ADHD in adolescents. The writer explores various research regarding the behavior problems and solutions that accompany ADHD adolescents.

Abstract
This paper explains that compulsive spenders have the compulsion and drive to spend, unique feelings about shopping, a tendency to spend, experienced dysfunctional spending and post-purchase guilt. The author points out that, when the comparison shopper feels 'the thrill of the hunt and the glory in the kill' of finding a lower price for something that has high value to others, there is a danger that a compulsive bargain hunter can become addicted to this activity. The paper concludes that, although compulsive spending is beginning to be accepted as a defined psychological illness, there is little help for the person with this behavior other than a strong desire to seek counseling or self-treatment.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Who Is the Compulsive Spender?
Profile
Age
Personality
Gender
Compulsive Spending Behavior as Part of Pathological Illness
Bipolar Disorder
How Bipolar Disorder Affects Lives
Treatment
Compulsive Spending Behavior as an Addiction
The Effect of Addiction
Shopping and Window Shopping as a Distraction
Effects of Addiction
The Act of Shopping
The Owning of Objects
Bargain Hunting
Binge Shopping
Codependent Spending
Bulimic Spending
Compulsive Spending As a Symptom
The Financial Aspect of Compulsive Spending
Financial Recognition of Compulsive Spending
Types and Treatments
Denial as an Aspect of Addiction
Treatments for Compulsive Spending Behavior
Professional Counseling
Self-Help
Discipline

From the Paper
"When a person is insecure about their self-image, they may seek to enhance or extend their self-image in their own and others' eyes. In so doing, they overspend. The compulsive spender then feels guilt and shame over spending too much and finding him or herself in debt. As a result, he or she may become secretive about the problem. In order to overcome the negative, inadequate feelings created by the addiction, he or she indulges again, lying to cover up how much was spent, throwing away price tags and receipts, doing financial juggling with checkbooks and savings, borrowing from other people and borrowing from one line of credit to pay another, "maxing out" their credit cards and doing anything to get money to cover up their addiction. "

Tags:financial, binge, dysfunctional, insecure, quilt

Abstract
In this paper, the writer proposes legislation in the areas of driving while distracted and of wearing a helmet when motorcycling. The writer then recommends the repeal of two Mississippi criminal laws, one law regarding illegitimate children and the other law prohibiting adultery, fornication and cohabitation. The writer also recommends strengthening a California law prohibiting the throwing of any lit or non-lit cigarette, cigar, match or any flaming or glowing substance and modifying Megan's law to require actively releasing information to the public.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Proposed Legislation
Driving While Distracted
Motorcycle Helmet Law
Recommended Repeals
Illegitimate Children
Mississippi Law Prohibiting Adultery, Fornication and Cohabitation
Recommended Modifications
Throwing or Discharging Cigarette
Needed Modification
Megan's Law
Needed Modification
Summary

From the Paper
"Mississippi is attempting to reduce their welfare roles by making the mother of a second illegitimate child subject to incarceration or a fine or both. Restricting the right of procreation is a violation of the United States Constitution. Other states have passed laws tempting to reduce the number of people on welfare. These laws do not restrict the right of procreation. A person can have as many children as she wants but only two of those children will receive welfare benefits."

Tags:distraction, social structure, alaska testimony filters

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether students work better and achieve more in a coeducational environment or in a single-sex academic environment. The writer examines the pros and cons of single-sex academic programs and anecdotal evidence suggesting that coeducational programs are less effective because students remain distracted throughout the day and are more disruptive and less focused on academic achievement

From the Paper
"According to an essay written by Kenneth Cooper and published in 'Issues in Higher Education' the idea of segregating students by gender in the United States has been around for more than .... years. In fact until the late .... century, education in the United States was always a single sex process. Initially only boys attended school. When girls eventually were allowed to attend school it was hoped that a benefit of their presence would be that rough behavior of schoolboys would be tempered ..."

Tags:Single-sex, coeducational schools, academic achievement, who distractions, empirical evidence, mathematics, gender bias, academic achievement, performance variables

Abstract
This paper explains that the overall conclusion of this research is that children with ADHD are no less capable of comprehending information from stories presented in television shows than non-ADHD children; however, if there are distractions present, ADHD children will not pay as much attention to the television and, therefore, will not have as complete of an understanding of the story presented as non-ADHD children who did not become distracted by the toys. The author points out that one of the reasons children with ADHD, as well as adults with ADHD, do not keep their visual attention fixed in one place for as long as non-ADHD children is their inability to maintain attentional inertia, which is linked to cognitive engagement. The paper raises some questions criticizing this article: (1) who wouldn't be distracted by toys rather than watching television, and (2) does the withdrawal from the medication skew results?

From the Paper
"The results show that without the toys as a distraction, ADHD and non-ADHD children have very similar test results; 90 percent visual attention is paid to the television by all children if there is not a source of distraction. These children also had similar test results when asked questions to show their understanding and recollection of the show they watched. However, when toys (distractions) were added to the experiment, there was a very measurable difference between the ADHD children and non-ADHD children in their ability to understand causal relations and understanding of factual events from the TV show."

Tags:television, toy, attention, medication, understanding

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that magazine advertisements employ a wide array of methods to catch the easily distracted eye and send, within the brief period in which the reader actually looks at the ad, sophisticated messages about body images. The writer analyzes the implicit body image messages present in two very different magazines--one for a male audience, the other for female readers. The writer points out that the central argument is that male ads usually focus on the man's functional worth, as a worker, driver, or the like, while ads for women normally emphasize the woman's beauty and aesthetic value. The writer concludes that the message portrayed in the ads is that the worth of a man's body is relative to its utility and functioning power while a woman's body is measured by the tyrannical criteria of beauty.

Outline:
Introduction
GQ Ads
Versace suit ad
The designer shirt ads
Women's ads in Vogue Paris
A. Dining woman ad
B. The "Mountain Woman"
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The top half of this specific ad (GQ 219) advertises an expensive designer shirt and, at first glance, the dinner table scenario seems fairly ordinary. However, this seemingly inoffensive ad reveals the same characteristics as the ad mentioned above. In it, a chiseled-faced male is dexterously carving and arranging the meal's meat course. His skilful performance with the instruments sparks the admiration of his attractive companion, who sits close to him and stares at his working hands with unqualified admiration. In the bottom half of the ad, this same couple is seated in a car (this ad, too, advertises the same garment) and it is not surprising to see that the man is operating the steering wheel while his companion looks on. These are not, obviously, incidental poses, and the proclivity to focus on the body's functioning abilities: driving, working, cutting, rather than on its aesthetic characteristics is clearly discernable in a large number of GQ's advertisements."

Tags:model, male, practicality, beauty

Abstract
This paper examines the confluence of human imagination and scientific inquiry that informed the work of Albert Einstein. The author notes that Einstein's imagination, which made him appear like a distracted, daydreaming and unpromising child and young adult, was vitally important in allowing him to unlock the answers to questions that had dogged scientists for generations. The paper explores the stunning impact of Einstein's Annus Mirabilis.

From the Paper
"Whether he desired it or not, Albert Einstein's name has become irrevocably linked with physics in the Twentieth Century. The reason for this, of course, is Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which, when first conceived early in the Twentieth Century, changed profoundly how man viewed the world and universe around him. This paper takes the opportunity to explore the stunning impact of Einstein's Annus Mirabilis and, much more importantly, emphasize how Einstein's oft-misunderstood creativity - a creativity that was confused with aimlessness by his elementary school educators and university instructors alike - was at the heart of his mathematical genius."

Tags:einstein, relativity, imagination

Abstract
This paper contends that theater can be dangerous on a variety of levels. The paper presents Plato's main concern, that art distracted otherwise reasonable people from using their reason to rule the other faculties. This concern appears to be a prominent feature in the dangers posed by the theater as expounded by Artaud and Boal. Artaud's theater concentrates mainly on the psychological aspect. It places people in touch with the primitive and instinctive to the detriment of reason. While the advantage here is that repressed emotions are revealed to be examined and possibly healed, it is also possible that a permanently broken psyche may result. The paper discusses Boal's theater, on the other hand, that poses a variety of levels in terms of both danger and healing. There is a psychological aspect that may be seen as similar to Artaud's theater. At the psychological level, Boal also addresses the subconscious in terms of dissatisfaction. In extreme cases, this may lead to a breakdown between the desired state and the state of dissatisfaction. The mental and physical aspects of danger are detailed in the paper.

From the Paper
"The theater is probably the medium of art by means of which the most prominent of social sentiments can be depicted. Furthermore the theater lends itself to a variety of forms, including the highly experimental. One of the most recent evolutions in theater has been including the audience in the setting and theme of the play. Indeed, among the most modern thinkers is Augusto Boal, who takes this paradigm a step further in allowing the audience to actively take part in the creation of the very events within the play. The idea that art in whatever form could pose a danger to society and its way of life originates with Plato, whose main concern was with the art of poetry. Plato's thought was embedded in the politics and social structure of his time. According to him, then, the danger of poetry lay in the fact that it could distract citizens from their duties as citizens in the Republic. The role of poetry during Plato's time then was more or less the same as the role of theater today."

Tags:art, drama, play

Abstract
, the author comes to the understanding that there is a fine line in what painting actually says. All of Lasker's work is art, no matter how ambiguous it is. In one sense, he is the abstract expressionist struggling for the authentic gesture and the distracted student doodling on a notepad. There appear to be unconscious scrawls but also controlled elements that are carefully integrated into a larger composition.