Abstract The paper looks at whether the presence of dissolved organic matter affects algae growth and focuses on the effects of this on resource availability. It discusses the contents of dissolved organic matter and discusses how science can manipulate organic matters that may stimulate bacterial growth and thus may change the conditions to allow algae growth.
From the Paper "Jan Viezer (2002) contends that it is the responsibility of science, namely microbiology, to discover the damage that has occurred to land and water over time as man has occupied the earth and natural disasters are continuously moving elements of man and nature across the globe (p. 57). Yet, science has the known ability in the modern age to determine the natural state of the earth, to include the ground masses, as well as the water ways, and this is significant because this knowledge will allow man to manipulate organic matters that will stimulate needed bacterial and algae growth in an attempt to preserve that which has already been severely damaged over time. Nitrogen has been determined to be a cause of "plant production in coastal water" (Anderson, Brady, Brooks, Brauwer, Levinson, McDonald, Neimi, Pearl, Racicinky, and Wardrop, 2004, p. 979)."
Abstract This paper examines how few policies have received as much domestic and international reproach as the United States? embargo against Cuba. It looks at how instituted over the last four decades, the blockade was originally established due to a perceived threat on U.S. national security and how reasons for this included Cuba's expropriation of U.S. property following the 1959 revolution led by Fidel Castro, their alliance with the Soviet Union and their support for armed revolutionary forces in Latin America and Africa. It explores business opportunities in Cuba, the effect of the embargo on U.S. firms and detailed arguments in favour of both maintaining and dissolving the embargo.
Outline
Background
Business Opportunities in Cuba
Biotechnology
Small Businesses
Effect of the Embargo on U.S. Firms
Issues for U.S. Firms upon Lifting the Embargo
Arguments for Maintaining the Embargo
Arguments for Dissolving the Embargo
Economic Tribulations
Social Tribulations
Opinion
Appendix A - Cuba Country Report
Selected Historical Facts
From the Paper "American action in the form of the embargo against Cuba has not been effective since its inception, and there is no rationale other than saving face by maintaining the long-term grudge against the island nation. Americans will not admit that the embargo has been ineffective in controlling Castro; they will certainly deny the fact that the embargo has given Castro an "excuse" for Cuba's high poverty rate. It would be in the U.S.'s best interest to remove the embargo and allow free trade with Cuba. The laissez faire principle of economics dictates that free markets will ultimately take over, ensuring that any inherent corruption will ultimately be eliminated. Furthermore, Castro is not immune to the forces of ageing."
Abstract This paper explains that, whereas marriage used to be an institution, which helped individuals gather and maintain wealth and eventually give some of it to the government, divorce is the great disperser of wealth because two households now must be supported thus stimulating the economy. The author points out that, if both partners work, they pay more proportionally because of the marriage tax; however, if the tax payer is a single head of household, the tax rate is significantly lower than for a married individual filing a separate income tax return; single head of household parents, who fall below a certain income level, are given special tax breaks called tax incentives to help pay for childcare. This paper relates that some states, like Louisiana, have actually changed their laws so that there are two types of marriage contract: The "Death Do Us Part" marriage, which requires extensive legal maneuvering to dissolve, or the "Until We Get Tired of Each Other" marriage, which makes marriage easier dissolve. Several long quotes.
From the Paper "There have been studies that divorced fathers buy their children more toys and take them to more places of amusements than married fathers. Divorced fathers also need a social life, so they buy newer clothing and go to events where they can meet available divorced or single women. Divorced women also tend to over indulge their children, because they always feel guilty about leaving their children with the baby sitter. Divorced women with access to childcare also date. They buy new clothes and spend money on health clubs and dieting that they not do if they were happily married. All of this buying is good for the economy. The State governments get more sales tax money, the Gross National Product keeps raising and this keeps the Federal Government happy as well."
Abstract A synthesis essay on the rise of toxic protists due to the increase in dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from man-made pollution. Specific examples are used to illustrate this building environmental concern.
From the paper:
""In the Rivers and Coastal Waters of America an Ancient and Deadly Organism, Reawakened by Man-Made Pollution, May Become the Ultimate Biological Threat? (Barker, cover). In 1984, a small herd of cows in Montana collapsed and died in ten minutes after drinking from a pond coated with a pea green film. In 1987, three people died and more than 100 became ill after eating blue mussels from Prince Edward Island. In 1996, 149 manatees perished mysteriously off the coast of Florida. Autopsies of these endangered marine mammals revealed biological poisons in their brains and other tissues."
Abstract The following paper examines how both Einstein and Curie were two geniuses of the world of science who were declared outsiders because there were great odds against their success. This paper looks at the way in which they managed to overcome all obstacles and dissolve all barriers to turn their dreams into reality. The way in which their persistence and perseverance in early life also helped them later in their scientific work, is also discussed.
From the Paper "It has often been noticed that people who contribute much to a particular field are the ones who were either at some disadvantage in their early life or suffered from some obstacles that stopped them from entering the field. Yet these very people managed to overcome all odds to reach the place where they had dreamed of arriving and thus revolutionized the world in their own way. We see that extraordinary people all around us are the ones who were once considered even less than ordinary and were therefore barred from entering their chosen area of work. It was only after they managed to overcome the obstacles and through single-minded determination managed to bring revolution in their own sphere that the world was forced to take notice."
This paper focuses upon the Four I's of business -- issues, interests, institutions and information -- along with stakeholder risk as they relate to Enron.
Abstract The paper shows that at stake for Enron's shareholders was a financial guarantee from Enron, one that the corporation apparently never intended to honor. For the employees, however, the stakes were even greater, inasmuch as their entire retirement funds were wiped out when the company went bankrupt. The paper examines how the emotional and economic cost for these employees was staggering when they learned their years of loyal service and trust in the company completely dissolved along with their retirement funds.
From the Paper "From a social perspective, the Enron issue reflects a blatant disregard for social responsibility, which is being aware of the impacts one's actions have upon the rest of society. Far too many people believe it is their inherent right as human beings to exercise whatever choices they see fit, in spite of the fact that their selfish actions may cause harm or damage to others. Indeed, this is precisely the essence of social responsibility: to make a conscious effort to incorporate society's feelings as a whole, rather than merely focusing upon the singular desires of oneself, which clearly reflects the individualistic point of view of Enron's top management."
Abstract This paper will seek to tragic love in Meantime by Toni Morrison. By analyzing the relationship of Milkman with Hagar, we can see the tragic relationship that seeks to dissolve their love.
Abstract This paper discusses how the customer-centric business model is a necessary hybrid delivery system of goods and services in today's business environment. It shows how, with the advent of the Internet and e-business, customers are no longer limited by traditional geographic parameters for their purchase choices. It also shows how other factors that have established boundaries to the consumer's choices, such as limited knowledge of purchase options, time constraints, the inability to travel and research options before making a purchase choice, have since been dissolved.
From the Paper "In a market economy, business managers are concerned with making a profit, but the guiding principle of business economics is not the maximization of profits by minimizing costs, it is the avoidance of loss, argued Peter Drucker, management guru and economist. "It is the first duty of a business to survive. This is not to say that profits are unimportant." An enterprise must make enough to cover future risks and to enable it to stay in business. Many firms miss this point. In cutting costs to maximize profits, they liquidate assets and under-invest in innovation Drucker suggests there is only one valid definition of business purpose: to create a customer. "It is the customer who determines what a business is. What the customer thinks he is buying, what he considers ?value,? is decisive."
Abstract This paper discusses the effect of World War I on British art and follows the transformation and disintegration of Futurism and Vorticism from 1914 - c. 1920. In particular, it examines Percy Wyndham Lewis, Christopher Nevinson and Paul Nash and includes a visual analysis of the major works of these artists during and shortly after the War. It also looks at the British Pictoral Propaganda Department and Muirhead Bone and various government comissions from 'war artists'. It argues that the war effectively dissolved England's only true modern movement and that the war had dramatically different effects on Wyndham Lewis, Nevinson, and Nash.
From the Paper "Nevinson was the first of the artists to go into war, as well as the first to exhibit work inspired by his experiences on the Front. His one-man show at the Goupil Gallery in 1916 exhibited works from 1915-16 done in a Futurist/Cubist idiom. Works from this period include Bursting Shell, Explosion, French Troops Resting, La Mitrailleuse, Returning to the Trenches, Column on the March, and La Patrie. These are among his best wartime efforts, particularly the last two. La Patrie (1916) is a skillful composition, successful both in its form and expression. Nevinson portrays the palpable suffering of wounded victims in the dark interior of a Red Cross shelter, where the small amount of light that enters the barren space serves only to make visible the anguished faces and blood-soaked bandages in the foreground and large number of people in the background, and to spotlight the newly-arriving patient being carried in on a stretcher."
Abstract This paper examines how Eliza Haywood's novel, "Love in Excess", suggests that passionate emotion is a universal sentiment. It looks at how the characters? thoughts posit that there is a universal language of love that dissolves the prominence of gender and how, at the same time, the novel works to enforce codes of amorous action that are inherently linked to gender, perhaps to suggest that these codes serve some purpose. It explores how the novel does not censure internal expressions of true passion, although it does at times suggest that sexual codes of conduct are necessary. Characters who overstep the boundaries of conduct too flagrantly generally censure themselves through self-destruction. The characters that self-destruct do so specifically because they take actions that transgress gender boundaries.
From the Paper "According to the narrator, love is its own agent; it is a force that acts independent and without regard for the people whom it affects. Because humanity has no control over love, it cannot be held responsible for the feelings it evokes. This force is so far beyond the cognitive capabilities of man that is "ceases to be worthy" of a simple definition or "that name" that society has given it. The idea that man becomes ?really possest with it,? posits love as a supernatural force. One usurped by this force can no longer be held accountable because he cannot be ?master of his actions.? The human being is little more than a victim, much as one might be victim to a "misfortune" such as ?poverty, sickness or deformity.? Essentially, love is a disease that anyone of "human nature" is susceptible to."
Abstract This paper, written from the perspective of the author and based on her personal experience, explains how and why people fall in love and why that initial attraction often fades. Work from experts on the subject of falling in and out love are cited in support of the author's own conclusions about why she fell in love and why that love subsequently dissolved. Finally, the paper concludes with the author's own definition of healthy, romantic love.
From the Paper "Furthermore, while the physical (i.e. sexual) component of our relationship was always healthy in its own right, that was hardly mirrored by the non-sexual physical expression of intimacy: he was always uncomfortable with public displays of affection and he exhibited very little inclination toward (or even tolerance for) non-sexual, affectionate touching. He expected any physical expression to lead,
necessarily, to overt sexuality, and he felt rejected or "teased" otherwise."
Abstract This paper uses some of Drakulic's examples of cleavages between Eastern and Western Europe to define the obstacles that stand before a united Europe. It points out that language barriers, currency, nationalism, and distrust are but a few of the aspects that keep Eastern and Western Europe divided, yet many political scientists see a future for Europe in which these cleavages dissolve.
From the Paper "Through encounters with border police, stories of traveling, hygiene, and personal accounts across Europe, Slavenka Draculic, author of Cafe Europa captures many aspects of the strong social and economic cleavages that continue to divide Eastern and Western Europe. The question provoked by the book, that is, the future for Eastern Europe and its acceptance by the West, is a complex one."
Abstract This paper details Japan's rise as an economic power from the period immediately following WWII to the present. The paper explains the strategy Japan used to achieve the status of an economic superpower, how their economic success has affected other world economies and, in particular, the U.S. economy, discusses the Japanese government's total focus on strengthening the economy while disregarding, as a goal, the strengthening of the military and reviews the country's industrial policies. The paper also examines the state of Japanese consumers and compares it to the state of American consumers and concludes with a discussion of Japan's current financial situation.
Table of Contents
Effect of World War II on Japan
The Bureaucratic Mind
Economic Development and National Security
Ups and Downs in Industrial Policies
The State of Japanese Consumers
Conclusion
From the Paper "The occupation of Japan by the Allied Powers started in August 1945 and ended in April 1952. General Macarthur was its first Supreme Commander. The whole operation was mainly carried out by the United States. Japan basically lost all the territory acquired after 1894 In addition; the Kurile Islands were occupied by the Soviet Union. Okinawa was returned to Japan in 1972, however a territorial dispute with Russia concerning the Kurile Islands has not been resolved yet. The remains of Japan's war machine were destroyed, and war crime trials were held. Over 500 military officers committed suicide right after Japan surrendered, and many hundreds more were executed for committing war crimes. A new constitution went into effect in 1947 in Japan. The Emperor who was considered the Supreme Head lost all political and military power and was made a symbolic Head of the State. Universal suffrage was introduced and human rights were guaranteed. Japan was also forbidden to ever lead a war again or to maintain an army."
Abstract This paper provides a detailed overview of acids and bases in the pH scale, including the history, characteristics, types, and Ka values with chemistry and biology applications. The paper covers seven main parts: the history starting with the Romans; the definition of both an acid and a base; the characteristics of acids and bases; types of acids and bases; how to determine an acid number; the relationship between acids and bases to the pH scale; and aqueous and self-ionization solutions. I. Introduction A. What do acids and alkalines have in common? 1.To test whether temperature affected the acidity of different liquids. 2. The complexity and fascination of such project. 3. If different types of liquids were utilized, then temperature would certainly make a difference, however minimal. II. History A. The history of acids have dated back centuries. 1. The Romans first coined the term acidus. 2. Lavoisier's work with acids. 3. Predecessors, such as Arrhenius. III. Definition of acid A. The definition of acids have been controversial at times. 1. The Arrhenius definition 2. The Bronsted definition 3. The Lewis definition IV. Characterizing acids in general B. The nature of acids 1. Sourness 2. Dissolving in water V. Types of Acids A. Strong acids 1. Fundamental characteristics. 2. Dangerous 3. Larger Ka values B. Weak acids 1. Fundamental characteristics 2. Smaller Ka values 3. Equilibrium watch VI. Characterizing Bases. A. Bases are the opposite of acids 1. The Arrhenius definition 2. Characteristics B. Strong and weak bases VII. Acidity A. Acid number has a lot of relation to everything else 1. Determining acid number 2. Acid numbers importance B. pH is the epitome of research 1. Aqueous solution 2. Self- ionization 3. Definitions
From the Paper "What do acids and alkaline truly have in common? The history of the understanding of an acid is relatively old. Dating back to the Roman Empire days, came the word that we derived acid from, acidus, meaning sour. Around the 1800s, French chemists erroneously believed that all acids contained oxygen, including the famed Antoine Lavoisier. Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist in the mid 1800s and a Nobel laureate, did a few experimentations with acids, and came up with concocting a definitive, chemically sound definition of an acid. Later on, in the 20th century, the partners Bronsted and Lowry initiated theories about acids using and published the acid-based concept. The most pragmatic research of acids and bases came from the American chemist Gilbert Lewis. Ever since then, the idea of acids and base has been widely recognized, although the definitions of such terms have been rather controversial."
Abstract This paper examines the Americanization of Italian immigrants, as seen in
the novels "All the Nations Under Heaven" by Kenneth Jackson and "The Fortunate Pilgrim" by Mario Puzo and the films "Goodfellas" and "Raging Bull", directed by Martin Scorsese. By analyzing these works, the paper attempts to demonstrate that the immigration of Italians to America caused a dramatic shift in their sense of family values and relationships. The paper explains that the Italian family was once the basis of the collective society within traditional Italian culture, but in America the family dissolved into its respective parts -- i.e. the individuals. The paper goes on to show how these individuals interacted with American ideals and morals to establish a new way of life for their progeny, the American-born Italians.
From the Paper "Traditional Italian households centered on the family rather than the individual pieces of the family. This type of collective culturalization tended to express gratifying feelings toward the family rather than personal feelings. However, as the immigration process initiated, the family bond began to weaken in Italian culture as the male patriarchs transcended the seas, leaving behind their cherished families. "Unlike Jews, who came largely as families, and the Irish immigration, in which women were in the majority for many years, Italian newcomers were at first mostly young men who often emigrated with the intention of making enough money in America with which to return home and purchase land."(ANUH , 135-136) With the money they received from work, the Italian men would then bring their kin over The Italian males received the first taste of independence that has lingered throughout their lives and led to the dissolving family values system."
