Abstract Those in favor of privatization argue that use of private contractors will lead to cost efficiency in the design and building of new facilities. Those who are against privatization, argue that it is that very independence of the contractors which will lead to higher costs since the profit margin now needs to be factored in as well as the possibility of "low balling" and other disreputable practices. This paper intends to examine both sides of the argument in terms of quality, cost, flexibility and accountability. However, it will also be argued that privatization is a step backwards in terms of societal, and governmental responsibility.
Abstract It will be argued that as the traditional, obvious manifestations of racism and racial prejudice have fallen into disrepute, racism has been revised in more subtle incarnations. Conflict theory will be used to explore racism from a sociological perspective because, as will be seen, its emphasis on systemic discrimination and power relations - with a particular focus on economic exploitation - allows us to analyze how racism converges with other forms of discrimination, such as that based on class, in a modern context. While the author acknowledges that some would disagree, this paper will argue that we cannot discuss racism in the 21st century without understanding how this "new racism" functions in a veiled fashion under the cloak of more "reputable" social phenomena such as nationalism and patriotism.
Abstract This paper begins with a thorough definition of defamation law, and then, in order to illustrate the current position of the courts regarding both oral and written defamation, presents an analysis of three different court cases on defamation. The paper then continues with a discussion of the negative and detrimental aspects of defamation law.
From the Paper "The idea behind defamation law is very simple. If and when the reputation of an identifiable third person is lowered by the communication from one person to one or more person/persons and where the communicator has no legal defense it is called defamation. Balancing of the right of a person to protect his reputation with free speech is aimed at the formation of the defamation law. Defamation law is divided into two viz. oral and published. ?Comments or stories told at a party or meeting is called Oral defamation or "slander"?. 1. TV broadcasting or a newspaper article is published defamation also known as "libel". Libel defamation includes pictures and words also. Anything that badly affects the reputation of a person is defamatory."
Abstract In this article, the writer examines the issue of trials of terrorists that have been captured. The writer explains that trials have been proposed under different auspices, with one approach suggested being to try these individuals as war criminals, probably using military tribunals for the trials. The writer also mentions that other observers have argued that such an approach has the potential to damage justice and to bring the system into disrepute. However, according to the writer, the evidence suggests that there are more reasons to treat terrorism as a war crime than not. The writer concludes that the use of military tribunals emphasizes the idea that acts of terrorism are war crimes and so subject to greater international condemnation and legal action, being essentially crimes against humanity.
From the Paper "Currently, the administration of such trials falls under the purview of an executive order issued by President Bush that foreigners suspected of terrorism are to be tried by military tribunals instead of civilian courts. However, this fact has produced opposition from both liberals and conservatives, both seeing the move as a dangerous step leading to the elimination of the right to a trial by jury with a jury of one's peers. However, as an editorial from 2001 notes, there are precedents for using military tribunals in times of war, extending back at least to the Civil War, and the feared threat to normal trials has not materialized. After President Lincoln used military tribunals during the Civil War, the Supreme Court ruled that military courts could not be used for civilians outside of a war zone. In 1942, though, the court decided that President Roosevelt did have the power to establish military tribunals for trials for foreigners who had violated the rules of war, for such individuals are not prisoners of war but offenders who can be tried and punished by military tribunals."
Abstract The paper explains how the article "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Public Opinion Polls" classifies polls into good, bad and ugly categories. The paper relates that "good" polls use primary source information and are very open about their sources of information, so readers can check facts for themselves. The paper contrasts this to the "bad" polls, which are manipulations of information and poll results, and which do not reveal links to sources for polling information. The paper then discusses how advocacy groups can sometimes create "ugly" polls in the interests of specifically manipulating facts or bring a polling agency into disrepute, an unethical practice.
From the Paper "This website makes a crucial explanation of the difference between polls. It points out that polls in their purest form as we know them are meant to inform the public regarding general public opinion in a sampling of large sectors of the population. The site seeks to point out to students who are just learning how the world works how they can identify the difference between polls, which the author categorizes into the three categories of the good, the bad and the ugly (Renka, http://cstl-cla.semo.edu/renka/Renka_papers/polls.htm). The author is concerned about the amount of bad polls that are on the internet, which can be further subdivided into bad polls and ugly polls."
