Abstract This paper looks at how the medical approach to understanding vestibular systems is an important aspect of spatial disorientation in modern flight. The lack of navigational instruments for some fliers portends a variety of problems that can create psychological, neurological and biological problems when seeking the horizon line in flight. By examining these various factors in relation to the medical aspects of spatial disorientation, it shows how the issue of neurological function becomes a central issue in understanding how various illusions can arise in the mind of the pilot.
From the Paper "The premise of this medical study will be to analyze the various problems with spatial disorientation that occurs due to aeronautical applications in flight. The problem of vestibular system function when pilots cannot use flight instruments occurs through a complex set of inner ear functions. By examining how spatial disorientation produces a biological reaction to space relationships, one can realize the psychological affect this has on pilots. By examining both a medical and psychological reaction to spatial disorientation, a dualistic approach to this problem can be utilized to show interrelationships between the body and mind. The human body has certain functions that allow a human being to understand his or her relationship between space and objective points with the horizon line. "
Abstract In this essay, the writer discusses three articles relating to NVG technology, relative to spatial disorientation and the human factors involved with NVG deployment. Several hypotheses are offered that are intended to provide guidance into further research vis-a-vis one of these particular NVG concerns related to spatial disorientation in the human pilot.
From the Paper "Based upon the research presented it is hypothesized that one of the most important issues concerning pilot use of NVG technology is the existing lighting technology within the aircraft and that further research in this regard will lead to more effective NVG technology. In almost all cases, spatial disorientation is related to the absence of light to one extent or another and although NVGs require blackout conditions, internal lighting within the aircraft is extremely important considering the many alarm and warning systems that function off of a visual warning system."
Abstract This paper proposes a research to determine what role night flight, night vision goggles (NVGs), and aircrew inexperience play in spatial disorientation during initial aircrew qualification training in the F-15E. Recent research showed a causal link in each area. It looks at how a survey was conducted among F-15E aircrew to determine their opinions on how each area related to spatial disorientation and how survey responses revealed an agreement that night flight, NVGs, and inexperience play a key role in spatial disorientation. Several tables and graphs are included with the paper.
Outline:
Abstract
List of Tables
List of Figures
Chapter 1
Introduction
Background
Researcher's Work Setting and Role
Statement of the Problem
Definition of Terms
Limitations and Assumptions
II Review of Relevant Literature and Research
Understanding Spatial Disorientation Spatial Disorientation and Night Flying
Spatial Disorientation and NAGs
Spatial Disorientation and Inexperience
Statement of the Hypothesis
III Research Methodology
Research Design
Survey Population
The Data Gathering Device
Distribution Methods
Instrument Reliability
Instrument Validity
Treatment of Data And Procedures
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
From the Paper "Ever since Orville and Wilber Wright's first flight in December of 1903, the human body has been thrust into an environment for which it is not biologically prepared. The complex interactions of human physiology and the flight environment can cause a deadly phenomenon known as spatial disorientation. Spatial disorientation can occur in almost any flight condition but is most deadly when encountered during instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) or at night. Many factors such as diet, rest, training, and experience play a role in increasing or decreasing the likelihood of spatial disorientation. Additional stressors such as initial qualification training or night vision goggles (NVGs) only exacerbate the situation aircrew experience in flight."
This paper discusses the use of hypermedia, the delivery of information, which combines different content formats such as still images, video, audio, graphics, animation and text in the form typical of Web documents, in the classroom.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 59.95
Abstract This paper explains that, because of the flexible way that it delivers information and the ability for the learner to control the learning sequence, hypermedia, designed to mimic human thinking, can be a powerful tool to engage students in learning; but hypermedia has some problems for users, specifically disorientation and student motivation. The author points out that authoring tools provide a way to create content without specific knowledge of a programming language such as HTML (hypertext markup language). The paper relates the use HyperStudio, designed by teacher Robert Wagner in 1978, to classrooms.
Table of Contents
What Does It All Mean?
Advantages of Hypermedia in Learning
Disadvantages of Hypermedia in the Classroom
Ways to Use Hypermedia in the Classroom
Authoring Tools
How to HyperStudio in the Classroom
From the Paper "The question now becomes, "What is the difference between multimedia and hypermedia? There are two major differences. First, multimedia programs are usually presented in a sequential manner. The program guides the flow of information in a one way path. Additionally, there is less interaction by the user of the program. The information in a hypermedia program, on the other hand, is connected by non-linear links that allow the user to be an active participant and guide themselves through the material in any order they wish."
Abstract This paper explains that Francois Rabelais uses satire in his book "Gargantua and Pantagruel" to address the disorientation felt by Renaissance Humanists by examining and lampooning the extremes of both Medieval and Renaissance education, thus he also analyzes the characteristics and values of his own humanistic ideals. The author points out that, throughout the book, Rabelais repeatedly refers to Socrates and to Plato's "Republic"; however, Rabelais takes the classical allusions a step further and actually models his Utopian masterpiece on Plato's "Republic". The paper stresses that Rabelais makes a case for moderation and avoiding the extremes of either Medieval scholasticism or Renaissance humanism thereby suggesting that one must find a middle course, which depends upon ones own discretion and abilities. Long quotes.
From the Paper "Why does Rabelais model Gargantua and Pantagruel on The Republic"In Book III of The Republic, Plato focuses on art, education, and censorship. Plato, in the persona of Socrates, stresses that nurture is critical in molding the character of the individual. The general topic of the section concerns how the auxiliaries are to be educated, and the curriculum breaks down into gymnastics and music. (While incidental and minor, including gymnastics in Gargantua's curriculum is at least curious if not noteworthy.) Plato believes that arts and letters have a profound impact on shaping character and says that therefore they must be strictly regulated. Is Socrates or Plato really advocating censorship" Plato is in fact making a case for personal discernment. He obviously values art as a powerful force and an effective learning tool. Otherwise, why would he use the format to convey his own message? If he is so suspicious of imitation, why does he express his own philosophy in a dramatic form?"
Abstract Kleine-Levin Syndrome is a rare sleep disorder. Its characteristics include excessive sleep (hypersomnolence which can reach up to twenty hours per day), compulsive over-eating and a highly uninhibited sex drive. While awake, individuals with KLS can be irritable, demonstrate a lack of emotional response and can be quite lethargic. Confusion, disorientation and hallucinations also accompany the disease. The cyclical effects of KLS may be present for days and weeks and generally taper off in frequency and intensity as sufferers age. While no precise cause has been identified, KLS is suspected to be an inherited autosomal dominant genetic trait. What is possible, is that the KLS symptoms are related to a malfunctioning hypothalamus. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the symptoms, treatment and effects of Kleine-Levin Syndrome on its sufferers.
Abstract This paper explains that there are a number of factors that led to the Nazi seizure of power. The paper examines the events leading up to the Nazi party's victory, including: the democratic Weimar Republic had always governed on shaky ground; the Depression of 1929 only gave opposition parties more force with which to crush it and create an authoritarian state. The paper then explores the methods used by Hitler to take advantage of the current situation and gain control of the government. Finally the paper looks at Hitler's extraordinary use of propaganda to further destroy democracy and sway the disorientated masses toward the Right.
From the Paper "Through the use of unprecedented political exploitation, the Nazis were able to seize power in a country shattered by the failure of democracy and in the depths of a national crisis. The deep-seated weaknesses of the Weimar Republic were easily exploited in plunging the country into political crisis, and the Depression provided an essential backdrop for the radicalisation of the people toward extremist fringe parties. Hitler's clever political manoeuvres both before and after 1929, which included joining the force against the Young Plan, and redirecting his energies toward rural Germany, combined with his unprecedented use of propaganda, however, proved to be the most essential factors in establishing the political force of the Nazis."
Abstract Jackson Pollock was a revolutionary artist of his times. His vision of painting brought a revolution in the world of art. This paper delves into the life of the great artist and throws light on his achievements as perceived through the society. It tells how Pollock's work is highly distinctive from other artists of his times due to the technique described as "action painting". His critics describe his works of art as the distribution of color and shapes that create undifferentiated symmetry, making his paintings sadistic, with emphasis on strong emotional disorientation that was present in his turbulent lifestyle. It explains how, though his work was chaotic compared to others of the same genre, the paintings were masterpieces of precision.
From the Paper "Pollock's work in the 1930s, reflected Benton's "American Scene" aesthetic, with a deep mystical touch to the work of the Albert Pinkham Ryder, whose work was greatly admired by Pollock. Other artists that influenced his work tremendously were Picasso, Mir?, and the Surrealists, as well as another Mexican muralist, David Alfaro Siqueiros. During a workshop, Pollock experimented for the first time with the use of enamel paint and was motivated to try unusual techniques such as pouring and flinging the liquid material to achieve spontaneous effects."
Abstract This paper discusses how the theme of disillusionment and disorientation in American society prevailed in the works of American artists, particularly in the realm of visual arts and literature. This paper studies and analyzes, comparatively, the work of the poet, e. e. cummings, and the painter, Mark Rothko. It explains through their works how individualism and expressionism became the ideologies that helped illustrate the state of human suffering in the painting, "Gethsemane", by Mark Rothko, and the poem, "pity this monster, manunkind", by e. e. cummings.
From the Paper "At the turn of the 20th century, American culture has flourished significantly, especially with the emergence of important fields of discipline that evoke individualism and free expression in works of art created by American artists. This phenomenon is especially evident after World War II, where the conflict among the world's nations had affected the psyche of American society and nation, one of the major players in the recently concluded war. After WWII, different lifestyles have emerged in the American society: consumerism, urbanism, and hedonism. These lifestyles gave birth to individualism and freedom of expression among people, especially now that the mass media made it possible for the society to exchange and extend messages and information to people located in different areas. However, despite these developments in American life, people have initially become disillusioned and disoriented about life, mainly due to the adverse effects of the war, which resulted to millions of deaths of people's lives and destruction of the physical environment of societies from all over the world."
Abstract Migratory birds face navigation and orientation challenges. This paper explains how, in order to face those challenges, they are equipped with an inherited route direction and distance information and with an ability to calibrate it with environmental cues, such as geomagnetism, celestial rotation, the sun and polarized light, wind, odors, landmarks, and visual and vocal contact with their co-species. It examines how the variability in the characteristics of these cues over time and in respect to the geographic position of the bird during the migration can result in disorientation, navigational errors, and a consequence disposition. It examines the stopover sites in the Mediterranean basin, which, besides being important refueling stations for migratory birds, have also the capacity for serving as a multi-cued reorientation sites that facilitate landmark, visual, vocal, and even olfactory navigation. These sites in general, and Eilat in particular, can study the target sites of numerous species by combining direction studies with distance studies migratory species and thus set the stage for future navigation-related studies.
From the Paper "Migratory birds seek to exploit temporal food resources in different parts of the globe in winter, and to come back to the breeding grounds in spring (Terril, 1991). In order to successfully reach that goal, birds must not only correlate their migration phenology with ecological dynamics at the destination, but must rely on an efficient, calibrated and accurate navigation system, coupled with a strong sense of orientation (Wallraff, 1991). Migration under poor navigational ability and/or orientation mistakes can result both in arriving to unsuitable habitats and in unsuitable arrival timing (Busse, 1992). Such errors force migratory birds to reorient and reroute their direction, a process that is not only time consuming, but also results in the elongation of the initial route by up to twice the original distance (Busse, 1992)."
Abstract This paper analyses public opinion of the Ukrainians towards political and economic changes in Ukraine during the first decade of transformation (1991-1999). The paper assumes that the economic crisis is a serious precondition for the emergence of anti-democratic attitudes in Ukraine. It reveals that there are serious problems with democratisation in Ukraine and how the general economic, political and social disorientation helped the elites to implement "partial reforms" only, which were beneficial for their private gains. It also looks at how the low level of people's political participation, undeveloped civil society and general mass ignorance paralysed society, prevented the population from playing an active economic and political role, despite of high protest potential.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Chapter 1
Theoretical framework
Comparative Perspectives on Democratic Transformation
Democratic and Economic Regimes Under Postcommunism
"Quadruple Transformation": Four Attempts to Break with the Past
The People
The Elites
Chapter 2 The Winners of the First Decade
Dynamics of the Economy
The Attempts for Democratisation
Chapter 3 Public Attitudes Towards Transformation
Attitudes Towards Economic Changes
Attitudes Towards Political Changes
Attitude Toward Mass Media, Level of Knowledge and National Culture
Democratisation in the Times of the "Crisis Mentality"
Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper "When the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union proclaimed the revolutionary programs of democratic and market development, they had ambitions to repeat the successful Western models of development. As some scholars admit (Ray, 1995), these programs were not original because they were designed to rectify a distance with the highly developed West, where a tandem of democracy and market economy already proved the successful results. However, the first decade of the transformation revealed many problems. The outcomes of the beginning of the transformation were problematic in the economic sphere: the mix of economic hardships, deterioration of the standards of life, the weak role of the state in establishment of the proper regulatory base for the market economy."
Tags: capitalism, cis, communism, democracy, russia
This paper discusses the need to examine the physical and psychological health of drivers over the age of sixty-five to ensure their and other person's safety.
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
Abstract This paper explains that vision impairment increases with age; therefore, the eyesight of senior citizens over the age of sixty-five should be tested. The author points out that reflexes, range of motion, overall physical health and potential problems from prescription medication must be evaluated. The paper relates that memory loss, disorientation, confusion and ability to react to unexpected situations difficulties also should be tested.
From the Paper "As many as four million Americans are afflicted with Alzheimer's disease and some of them do not know it (or do not want to admit it). Many refuse to accept the fact that we are getting older, but not being responsible and admitting that it may not be safe to drive a vehicle should not be an option. Testing a person's mental capability would eliminate the possibilities of an absent-minded person at the wheel. Overall, one can see that mental awareness plays a key factor in proving whether senior citizens over the age of sixty-five should be tested in their ability to operate a motor vehicle."
Abstract Using Alfred Hitchcock's films "Rebecca" and "Rope", this paper discusses how Hitchcock's style expresses national film movements like German Expressionism, Soviet Expressive Realism and British Social Realism.
Abstract This paper explains that the affective approach to psychotherapy focuses on what goes on inside the individual and how his experience affects his behavior and perspectives of life. The paper then explains that the Adlerian approach to psychotherapy takes into account behavior as governed by the client's lifestyle and manner of dealing with personal problems. The paper contrasts these two approaches by applying them to a specific case. The author expresses a preference for the affective approach.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Discussion
The Client and the Client's Problems
Goals
The Process of Therapy
Overall Comment
Preferred Approach
Conclusion
From the Paper "The treatment of goals in each of these approaches affects its process of therapy as well as perspectives on client treatment. Both approaches take into account of the fact that the presentation of goals is critical for counseling clients. However, the perspectives on goals differ in each case. For example, in Adlerian approach, the client's well being is at the center of the treatment yet at the same time the therapist develops the fictional goal of well-being to bring the client into focus to alter his/her attitudes, thinking and behavior towards life. On the other hand, the affective approach treats goals as responsibilities which must be given or unburdened from the client to resolve his/her problems."
