Abstract This paper examines how Carol Ann Duffy's Poem "Litany" has various themes contained within it with the most predominany being that of language. "Litany" is set in the ninety fifties where a young girl grows up listening to the transparent views of her mother and her friends and through the poem the girl mocks these women because of their fear of language. It looks at how the women are shocked, ashamed and most importantly scared of language and how the mother is disgusted that her daughter does not share her fear of language.
From the Paper "It is extremely clear from the beginning of this poem that the mother and her friends are shocked by language. ?Sharp hands poised over biscuits as a word / was spelled out.? The word "sharp" relates to the harsh atmosphere in the room when the women are discussing "embarrassing" topics. As "poised" means stopped I feel that this word adds to the tension in the room as the women are frozen in shock. Because the women spell out their "shocking" words this shows that they feel too ashamed or scared to just simply say them. I feel that these women have no real understanding of language as they are so shocked by the most unharmful words."
The paper examines an article, "'Disgust Processing in Phobia of Blood-Injection-Injury' by Anne Schienle, Axel Schafer, Rudolf Stark, Bertram Walter, Peter Kirsch, and Dieter Vaitl regarding blood-injection-injury (BII) phobic patients .
Abstract The paper examines an article which describes an experiment that looks at how much disgust processing plays a role in blood-injection-injury phobia. The paper first outlines the main points presented in the article and then proceeds to discuss difficulties encountered when reviewing the article. Finally, the paper discusses the conclusions drawn regarding future study.
Outline:
Hypothesis
Mini Abstract
Criticisms
Evaluation in Context
Complex Concepts
Skills needed
Skills needing further Development
References
From the Paper "Even though it has been previously noted that it is mainly females that possess the BII phobic disorder, this study fails to represent both genders. This makes it harder to generalise the findings to the population as a whole, but just to females. Male BII phobic patients may react in a different way which would need to be considered. In relation to the measurement of disgust, this was measured in a laboratory environment and not in an ecologically valid setting, which in turn could affect the overall results. Disgust may not just be influenced by the sight of something horrible. It involves all senses like the smell and the sounds which can enhance the experience, something that this study fails to consider. In terms of the strengths of this study, the use of fMRI is the most accurate method in recording brain activation and therefore makes the brain scan analysis results extremely reliable."
Abstract This paper shows how Birney not only describes a scene through his poem "Irapuato", but also uses the literary devices of tone, rhythm, and symbolism to show the reader his disgust with the chain of events that he describes. The paper explores these literary devices as well.
From the Paper "The Abrams Glossary of Literary Terms uses a definition for tone by I.A. Richards. ?Richards defined tone as the expression of a literary speaker's "attitude to his listener"? (Abrams 218). Birney, through his attitude toward the subject that he describes, conveys a message that subsequently expresses his attitude to his audience. The use of tone by Birney is very important to the message that the poet is trying to convey to his audience. If one uses this definition for tone, it is unproblematic when examining how Birney uses this literary device to influence his readers to understand his disgust with the situation he describes. The part of the poem that influences the tone the greatest are lines six through nine..."
Abstract This paper argues that Adolf Hitler had some alternative personal reasons for why he may have caused the largest mass killing in world history. Some reasons include his personal life and sexuality. This paper examines how these impacted Hitler's rise to power and motivation.
From the paper:
"Due to Adolf Hitler's embarrassing family roots, stern, emotion filled upbringing, and his inner turmoil in dealing with his sexuality he had built up guilt, aggression, frustration, and self loathing which as result caused the holocaust. The context of this paper will discuss how his family roots were considered embarrassing, how they came to be, and how in turn it caused him to feel disgusted with himself and what he was which caused aggressive and malevolent behavior. Also it shall speak of what consists of a strict upbringing, what certain events and regular happenings occurred in this childhood, and finally what in this rigid upbringing could cause a man to have this inner anger build to lead way to cause such death and destruction. And lastly, the paper will speak of Adolf Hitler's sexuality and how his homosexuality or sexuality, which was kept hidden, as it was not proper for men to like men during his time and was gravely frowned upon, caused such guilt and pain within himself to lead to this horrifying event we call the holocaust."
Tags: adolf, hitler, holocaust, ii, war, world, personal, distress, aggression, frustration, family, sexuality
Abstract This analysis of "The Story We Know" reflects the intentions of the poet. Martha Collins describes our existence as one of monotony and haplessness and one where most people continue to engage in, despite the obvious sense of emptiness that it presents.
From the Paper "The poem takes on a sad tone in the fourth stanza where Collins explains how people don't bother to look beyond their own existence, leading selfish lives that concentrate on the worship of the self. She says that one is so used to living like this so well we don't turn the page or look below, that one does not make the effort to look beyond the self-absorbed life that one lives through. Come Monday and it is always the same thing to the extent that weekend activities are also shaped by business deals, pretentious lunches and other such on goings that are deemed desirable or undesirable with respect to the material gain that it provides to people."
Abstract A paper which provides a look at the doomed relationship between the characters Rosamond and St. John in Charlotte Bronte's novel, "Jane Eyre". The paper presents the idea that disgust motivated St. John's obsession with Rosamond instead of love.
From the Paper "Love today is depicted in the media in many different ways, from blissful unions at the ends of movies to tawdry and scandalous affairs in daytime soap operas. Is this type of entertainment just sensationalism by the media, or have there been relationships throughout history that have experienced passion and pain? Charlotte Bront? proves untrue love has been evident for years in her portrayal of Rosamond Oliver and St. John Rivers in her novel Jane Eyre. Plainly, the ethereal Rosamond Oliver stirs deep emotions within St. John; however, below the surface, not love but rather a deep-seated disgust flushes the missionary's cheek and sends his blood stirring."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of the imagery, irony and tone in the poem "Sex Without Love", by Sharon Olds. The paper describes her use of these tools to illustrate her disgust for purely physical sex void of the emotion, love.
From the Paper "Throughout time, authors of poetry have used their words to underscore a point or to draw out an emotion from their readers. In Sharon Olds "Sex Without Love", the use of imagery, irony and tone make clear to the reader that Olds had an aversion and disgust for causal and purely physical sex. Her poem speaks of the lack of understanding she has for the way people can make love without feeling love and her use of imagery creates an understanding of the contradictory nature that loveless sex holds for its participants."
Abstract This paper discusses how in his play "The Last Yankee", Arthur Miller presents two marriages under strain because of differing needs and perceptions by the husbands and wives who once thought they shared everything and who now believe they share less and less all the time. The paper discusses how new feelings have emerged to replace the feelings of love that began these marriages, and these new feelings include anger, resentment, anxiety, self-doubt, and disgust. It shows how the couples might survive if each member could learn to forgive his or her spouse, but instead, each person is too taken up with a need for self-justification and self-preservation at the expense of his or her spouse.
From the Paper "The story is set in a state-run mental hospital, and three women are being treated there for clinical depression. Patricia is married to Leroy Hamilton, a carpenter, and she believes he is a failure because he does not have the necessary ambition to achieve anything in this competitive world. Karen is married to Mr. Frick, and he is highly successful, quite the opposite of Leroy Hamilton. Indeed, Mr. Frick is a driven man, a type-A personality who owns businesses that dominate the local economy and make him an important man in the business world of the area. Both Karen and Patricia, however, see themselves as failures, in part because of their husbands--Patricia would be a success if she were married to a success, and Karen would be a success if her husband allowed her to be one instead of centering all ambition and all desire in himself and his career. The third woman is hiding from life and is disappointed at everything she has ever tried. It is the two married couples who are central to the play, however."
Abstract The paper examines how, in "Catch 22", Joseph Heller chronicles the pointlessness and ultimate dehumanization of war. While stationed in the fictional Mediterranean island of Pianosa, Air Force soldier John Yossarian participates in several brutal and dangerous operations, where his men give their lives not for their country, but to obtain good aerial pictures of the exploding targets. The paper explains that, disgusted that his life is constantly in danger for nothing, Yossarian vows to survive this pointless war at all costs. He thus spends much of his time faking illness and devising ways to be sent home. The paper also touches on the circular pattern of the novel and gives examples of where they occur.
From the Paper "Several instances of the circularity of Catch 22 reasoning are found through the struggles of a number of secondary characters. Chaplain Tapmann, for example, struggles to maintain his belief in a just and loving God, despite all indications otherwise. Around him, people die for no reason, and he witnesses how religion -- like war -- is used to further the agendas of officers. Eventually, the chaplain is forced to give up his principles and lie by faking an illness to escape from being beaten. Though he is a man of God, the chaplain nevertheless finds that the results are "wonderful." In a parody of Genesis, Heller writes, "The chaplain had sinned, and it was good.""
Abstract This paper discusses how the Miller's lack of virtue, as seen in his portrait and unsavory scatological tale, forms an aggregate text that works to disgust the reader.
From the Paper Michael Pertschuk states on the topic of gender roles and beauty that, ?the stereotypical male has been depicted as fixated on female bodies while being largely oblivious of his own" (54). This is true of the Miller's character portrait in the Canterbury Tales. The Miller is described to be a despicable, burly man, who is involved in activities deeply rooted in masculinity. In his tale, the characters that emerge unscathed or victor of the mating competition fit what we could assume to be within his gender role paradigm.
A discussion of why the main character, Werther, in the novel, "The Sorrows of Young Werther", by Goethe, is well-suited to the single-voiced, epistolary form.
1,763 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 0 sources, 2004, $ 56.95
Abstract This paper examines Goethe's "The Sorrows of Young Werther". It looks at how the main character, Werther, has the raving, emotional lunacy and foolish-but-guiltily-enthralling confessionalism that can hold readers' attention, although the novel is low on plot and driven almost entirely by one man's series of egocentric letters. It also analyzes how Werther's intensely unstable and emotional personality, as well the voyeuristic feel of his ultra-personal letters, makes him just the kind of character that can enamour or disgust, but nonetheless hold the attention of readers through the first 124 pages of long-winded, epistolary inaction, and how the success of Werther's story within the epistolary form would not be possible in other forms of narration.
From the Paper "The excessive emotions that these very mundane events trigger in him would seem ridiculous in a form that does not consist of very intimate personal letters that border on diary entries. In the epistolary form, Werther's constantly oscillating feelings are able to hold the readers? attention because of their passionate, in-the-moment quality and voyeuristic appeal. Although Werther is ostensibly writing to his friend Wilhelm, he may as well be writing to himself in a diary. We are never shown any letters of Wilhelm's in response, and Werther vehemently rejects much of Wilhelm's advice, even bordering on cruelty at times."
Tags: century, eighteenth, inaction, letters, narration
Abstract This paper offers a review of Fyodor Dostoevsky's famous work, "Crime and Punishment". The author explains that "Crime and Punishment" is the story of a desperate young man, Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov, who plots the perfect crime. Raskolnikov, alternately called Rodya, Rodenka, and Rodka throughout the novel, is a handsome, but poor student who lives in a garret in the slums of St. Petersburg. He owes money to his landlady and uses the services of a pawnbroker as a way to pay back his landlady. He plans carefully to murder an unattached pawnbroker, Alyona Ivanovna, an old woman loved by no one, whose conduct is despicable and completely unredeemed. He reasons carefully that it is just for a man of genius, such as himself, to commit such a crime and defy moral law because his action ultimately benefits humanity. He is disgusted by the thought of the murder, and yet he eventually kills the pawnbroker. He is ultimately convicted of the murder and sentenced to Siberia.
From the Paper "Like his other novels, Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" is heavily concerned with the psychological life of his characters. While Dostoevsky was alive, he suffered a great deal of criticism over the poor style of his novels, including their "hysterical and morbid nature", and lacking "balance, restraint, and good taste" (Terras, 4). In defense of Dostoevsky, Terras notes, "Dostoevsky's novels encompass antagonistic philosophies and value systems. He is an excellent 'devil's advocate'. Sophisticated readers have mistaken for his own ideas what Dostoevsky was in fact trying to refute"."
This paper discusses Myra Sadker's book, "Failing at Fairness", based on the study "Help Me, God. I"m a Girl?, discusses gender issues in the classroom, evaluating how sexism is presented and its impact on female self-esteem.
Abstract This paper explains that the study found pre-pubescent girls often considered that being male would provide them greater social opportunities, especially in terms of career and financial success. The author points out that boys considered the possibility of being a girl appalling, disgusting, and humiliating. The paper concludes that the vicious cycle of male social dominance needs to be curbed early if females will ever benefit with the same social status as males in their adult years where education, career, and financial situation is relevant to overall success.
From the Paper "The reactions to the question, ?Suppose you woke up tomorrow and found you were a member of the opposite sex,? were examined for boys and girls of different age groups, and their responses varied according to age group. Themes examined among the responses centered on social opportunity, physical power, physical appearance, and social access. As the children aged, more pronounced disapproval of the female gender surfaced. The responses provided were examined based on observation and statistics."
Abstract This paper examines how "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald has the reader see the world in which Jay Gatsby lives through the eyes of an objective narrator, Nick. It looks at how, throughout the course of the novel, Nick's experiences with the higher social class and their reactions towards his friend, Gatsby, lead him from feelings of awe and admiration to those of disgust and repulsion. At the book's tragic end, Nick realizes it is not Gatsby who was the pitiful one, but those who pitied him.
From the Paper "In the heart of the novel, Nick is no longer completely blinded by the wealth all around him and he begins to realize several things. One of the many events that affect Nick is the affair that Tom is so blatantly having with Myrtle, as Tom himself readily admits to him, ?I want you to meet my girl.? (24). Even knowing that Nick is Daisy's cousin does not dissuade him. Nick also begins to speculate about Gatsby, as some of Gatsby's shady associates begin to confirm Nick's suspicions about Gatsby's less-than-desirable business practices. Nick also discovers that Gatsby is in love with Daisy. Nick begins to pity Gatsby but he also feels a little used, realizing that all of Gatsby's efforts to get to know him were indirectly related to obtaining Daisy."
Abstract This paper describes the war that existed in the Philippines after the Spain's defeat at the hands of the United States during the Spanish-American War. As a direct result of the war, the Philippines were given to the United States and the Filipino people who originally believed that they were fighting a war for freedom and independence against the Spanish begin to turn against American troops who they view as simply another occupying force. The first part of the paper gives a background to the Filipino insurgency and its main leader, General Emilio Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo's tactics of fighting a guerrilla war against American troops is examined, as well as the effectiveness of these attacks on shocking the American public back home. Feeling betrayed by America who promised the Filipino people freedom after the Spanish were defeated, Aguinaldo embarked on a series of deadly attacks on American soldiers in the Philippines. As a result, American troops responded with equal brutality in their reprisals with very little organized military command holding them back. Diaries are heavily cited in this section of the paper, giving primary sources that tell of how desperate the American soldiers were at the time and how they needed to racially dehumanize the enemy in order to commit such vicious acts of reprisal. The second part of the paper deals with how the American press responded to the war. Numerous newspaper articles and other criticisms of the war are given as examples, some written by the early 20th century's most prominent figures such as Mark Twain. The general point of this section is to show how deeply divided the American public was over the war in the Philippines and how many felt that it would lead to American involvement in other world affairs. A direct parallel is also drawn to the Iraq War in modernity. Finally, the paper ends with a detailed account of how individual soldiers from both sides viewed the conflict. The Filipinos clearly viewed the insurgency as a necessary action in order to preserve their promised independence, while many American soldiers were disgusted and frustrated with why they were in the country to begin with, and often responded violently towards the natives since they began to view them as subhuman. The psychology of warfare is briefly discussed, as soldiers often dehumanize the enemy as a means of justification of their own violent behavior. The end of the insurgency is also discussed, with American troops brutally putting down the rebellion and establishing a tight control over the entire area for decades.
From the Paper "On April 11th, 1898, the President of the United States William McKinley went to Congress and asked the elected body to declare war on Spain for their role in oppression overseas and to accommodate public opinion that was strongly anti-Spanish due to the sinking of the United States battleship Maine only a few months earlier that was blamed on Spanish agents. Congress eventually sanctioned the war, and the Spanish-American war commenced with several battles over Spanish colonies such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The war itself was over fairly quickly, as hostilities were ended only a few months after war was officially declared. The involvement in the former Spanish colonies clearly demonstrated that America had shifted to a strong imperialistic attitude when it came to the Western Hemisphere and indeed the world in general, and would be forced to endure all of the benefits and tribulations that came from being an imperialistic power."
Tags: aguinaldo, american, emilio, filipino, history, philippines, spanish, war, wars
