Abstract
The paper examines an article which describes an experiment that looks at how much disgust processing plays a role in blood-injection-injury phobia. The paper first outlines the main points presented in the article and then proceeds to discuss difficulties encountered when reviewing the article. Finally, the paper discusses the conclusions drawn regarding future study.

Outline:
Hypothesis
Mini Abstract
Criticisms
Evaluation in Context
Complex Concepts
Skills needed
Skills needing further Development
References

From the Paper
"Even though it has been previously noted that it is mainly females that possess the BII phobic disorder, this study fails to represent both genders. This makes it harder to generalise the findings to the population as a whole, but just to females. Male BII phobic patients may react in a different way which would need to be considered. In relation to the measurement of disgust, this was measured in a laboratory environment and not in an ecologically valid setting, which in turn could affect the overall results. Disgust may not just be influenced by the sight of something horrible. It involves all senses like the smell and the sounds which can enhance the experience, something that this study fails to consider. In terms of the strengths of this study, the use of fMRI is the most accurate method in recording brain activation and therefore makes the brain scan analysis results extremely reliable."

Tags:scans, brain, patients, control, occipital, findings, cuneus, lingual, stimuli, cognitive

Abstract
In this paper, an analysis of Chuck Palahniuk's messianic character is represented in the dual personality of Jack and his alter ego, Tyler Burden. By realizing the tendency toward a messianic urge in the growing disgust of Jack as victim of American consumer culture and corruption; Tyler Burden becomes his alter ego seeking to destroy American culture though the example of Christ's crucifixion. The archetype of the messianic figure is ever present in this novel with Tyler's desire to cleanse humanity of corruption and sin through fight club's anarchist terrorism.

From the Paper
Analyzing Apostolic Fiction in the Messianic Characterizations of Chuck Palahniuk's Fight Club This study will analyze the role of messianic characterization in the novel Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk. The main character, Jack, is a messianic figure that is founded through a split ego personality, which provides him the necessary invention and leadership of Tyler Burden to invent fight club. However, the messianic overtones of Fight Club revolve around his desire to thwart the materialism of American society, which acts as a recruiting ground for various apostolic followers in the club. In essence, Palahniuk creates the Jack/Tyler personality as a messianic

Tags:fight, club, palahniuk

Abstract
The writer characterizes her emotions seven times per day for three consecutive days, using the short version of Carroll Izard's differential emotion scale (DES). The writer analyzes her emotions in the DES' categories of interest, joy, surprise, distress, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame and guilt and then offers a brief review of the results. The writer includes a diary of emotions data collection grid.

From the Paper
"Before analyzing the result of the cataloging process, some remarks on my specific uses of Izard's emotions are necessary. Frequently, when I attempted to characterize my emotional state, the most prominent psychological and physiological state was tiredness. Although tiredness is arguably not an emotion, its effects on my mental state were pronounced and so I took tiredness to be a specific manifestation of distress and therefore listed distress as my primary emotion. This explains the apparently paradoxical appearance of both distress and joy at the same time several times over the course of those three days."

Tags:interest, joy, surprise, distress, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, guilt

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the emotion expressions exhibited by others can serve as abundant sources of information, indicating whether those people intend to harm, evade, or befriend the perceiver. The writer looks at research in which participants were made aware of an infectious threat, after which they reported the extent to which they saw specific emotions of disgust. The writer notes that results showed that inducing a disease avoidance motivation did not lead participants to see more disgust in target faces. Across all motivation conditions, however, women saw marginally more disgust in faces than did men. The writer concludes that further research should be conducted to better understand the cause of gender differences between chronic disease worries and a heightened vigilance for expressions of disgust.

Outline:
Experimental Design
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Figure Captions

From the Paper
" The independent variable being manipulated was the type of threat that was made salient, which consisted of 3 levels: an infectious threat, a non-contagious physical threat, and no threat. They were manipulated between subjects. After watching the clip, participants were shown photographs of people with neutral facial expressions. The extent to which individuals identified neutral or ambiguous emotion expressions as a) disgust and b) anger were the two dependent variables involved in the study, and they were measured on an ordinal scale. Participants were asked to identify the expression they thought the person was making, and could respond to each face by saying they saw no emotion, identifying the emotion as disgust, or identifying the emotion as anger. The fact that they identified disgust, for example, suggests that the expression showed more disgust than neutral, making ordinal scaling appropriate. The two dependent variables were measured for each level of the independent variable. The answer to the experiment's key question, that priming participants with an infectious threat would lead them to over perceive disgust expressions in faces, was found in an analysis of the main effects of the independent variable."

Tags:sensitivity, emotions, anger, harm

Abstract
This paper discusses how in his play "The Last Yankee", Arthur Miller presents two marriages under strain because of differing needs and perceptions by the husbands and wives who once thought they shared everything and who now believe they share less and less all the time. The paper discusses how new feelings have emerged to replace the feelings of love that began these marriages, and these new feelings include anger, resentment, anxiety, self-doubt, and disgust. It shows how the couples might survive if each member could learn to forgive his or her spouse, but instead, each person is too taken up with a need for self-justification and self-preservation at the expense of his or her spouse.

From the Paper
"The story is set in a state-run mental hospital, and three women are being treated there for clinical depression. Patricia is married to Leroy Hamilton, a carpenter, and she believes he is a failure because he does not have the necessary ambition to achieve anything in this competitive world. Karen is married to Mr. Frick, and he is highly successful, quite the opposite of Leroy Hamilton. Indeed, Mr. Frick is a driven man, a type-A personality who owns businesses that dominate the local economy and make him an important man in the business world of the area. Both Karen and Patricia, however, see themselves as failures, in part because of their husbands--Patricia would be a success if she were married to a success, and Karen would be a success if her husband allowed her to be one instead of centering all ambition and all desire in himself and his career. The third woman is hiding from life and is disappointed at everything she has ever tried. It is the two married couples who are central to the play, however."

Tags:love, spouse, respect

Abstract
This paper discusses how the Miller's lack of virtue, as seen in his portrait and unsavory scatological tale, forms an aggregate text that works to disgust the reader.

From the Paper
Michael Pertschuk states on the topic of gender roles and beauty that, "the stereotypical male has been depicted as fixated on female bodies while being largely oblivious of his own" (54). This is true of the Miller's character portrait in the Canterbury Tales. The Miller is described to be a despicable, burly man, who is involved in activities deeply rooted in masculinity. In his tale, the characters that emerge unscathed or victor of the mating competition fit what we could assume to be within his gender role paradigm.

Tags:gawain, middle, medieval, romance

Abstract
This paper traces the life of Martin Luther from his birth in 1483 through to his decision to become an Augustinian priest and his rise to power within the Church. The paper examines Luther's disillusionment with the church and the way they manipulated the teachings. His disgust with the corruption and deception led him to challenge the Catholic teachings and he became a protester. The paper also looks at how Luther helped the German peasants in the revolt against the feudal system in 1525 - the result being a new movement called the Lutherans.

From the Paper
"His first book was a simple collection of sermons that were written by a preacher named Tauler, these sermons were close to the mystical. His own works were on a more rigorous aspect. The original Greek bible was used for sources and his own approved commentaries were used to ensure his own orthodoxies, however these eventually led him astray, the Church had deliberately mistranslated the bible into Latin (Radford, 2002). In looking at this he discovered that the phrase which meant a change of heart was translated into repentance, a more restricted meaning (Radford, 2002). With this wording change by the Church Luther discovered that the church was misleading the congregation and that through the abuse of God's words the people could change their ways through other ways and not through that of the Church of Rome. Furthermore, the Church of Rome had brought in the simple and corrupt way of buying their freedom through paying the Church for absolution."

Tags:Augustinian, Monastery, pope, rome, gospels, friendly, admonition, wittenberg

Abstract
This paper shows how Birney not only describes a scene through his poem "Irapuato," but also uses the literary devices of tone, rhythm, and symbolism to show the reader his disgust with the chain of events that he describes. The paper explores these literary devices as well.

From the Paper
"The Abrams Glossary of Literary Terms uses a definition for tone by I.A. Richards. "Richards defined tone as the expression of a literary speaker's "attitude to his listener"" (Abrams 218). Birney, through his attitude toward the subject that he describes, conveys a message that subsequently expresses his attitude to his audience. The use of tone by Birney is very important to the message that the poet is trying to convey to his audience. If one uses this definition for tone, it is unproblematic when examining how Birney uses this literary device to influence his readers to understand his disgust with the situation he describes. The part of the poem that influences the tone the greatest are lines six through nine..."

Tags:criticism, literary, poetry

Abstract
A paper which provides a look at the doomed relationship between the characters Rosamond and St. John in Charlotte Bronte's novel, "Jane Eyre." The paper presents the idea that disgust motivated St. John's obsession with Rosamond instead of love.

From the Paper
"Love today is depicted in the media in many different ways, from blissful unions at the ends of movies to tawdry and scandalous affairs in daytime soap operas. Is this type of entertainment just sensationalism by the media, or have there been relationships throughout history that have experienced passion and pain? Charlotte Bronte proves untrue love has been evident for years in her portrayal of Rosamond Oliver and St. John Rivers in her novel Jane Eyre. Plainly, the ethereal Rosamond Oliver stirs deep emotions within St. John; however, below the surface, not love but rather a deep-seated disgust flushes the missionary's cheek and sends his blood stirring."

Tags:Oliver, Peri, Marsh, End

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the imagery, irony and tone in the poem "Sex Without Love," by Sharon Olds. The paper describes her use of these tools to illustrate her disgust for purely physical sex void of the emotion, love.

From the Paper
"Throughout time, authors of poetry have used their words to underscore a point or to draw out an emotion from their readers. In Sharon Olds "Sex Without Love", the use of imagery, irony and tone make clear to the reader that Olds had an aversion and disgust for causal and purely physical sex. Her poem speaks of the lack of understanding she has for the way people can make love without feeling love and her use of imagery creates an understanding of the contradictory nature that loveless sex holds for its participants."

Tags:imagery, irony, tone, physical, emotion, feel, passion