Abstract This paper studies the genetic disorder called Cornelia de Lange Syndrome; a disorder affecting fetal development and presenting with a complete host of disorders and disfigurements, including deformed or missing fingers or limbs, retardation, speech impairment, cardiac issues and severe esophageal-gastric problems requiring immediate surgery. According to this paper, the gene responsible for this disorder was isolated by two research teams in spring of 2004 and these findings are also discussed as are their implications.
From the Paper "This paper presents a brief yet comprehensive review of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), a genetic disorder that affects the developing fetus in the womb, and is most often diagnosed in infants through the presentation of multiple physical abnormalities evident at birth, including: impaired growth, gastroesophageal reflux and feeding problems, upper limb abnormalities and distinctive facial features such as thin eyebrows that join together, long eyelashes, thin lips and excessive body hair. CdLS affects approximately 1 - 10,000 children. Our presentation will be broken down into logical reporting sections that closely parallel the Clinical Case Studies section of the text, including Principles, Background, Major Phenotypic Features, Pathogenesis/Molecular Basis, followed by a brief discussion on inheritance risk and disease management. Please note: no specific case will be identified; therefore, a case history will not be presented."
Abstract This paper discusses "Autobiography of a Face" by Lucy Grealy which deals with her experiences with a facially disfiguring cancer. It looks at how Grealy comes to view the hospital as her one refuge against a cruel and superficial world that views her illness-related disfigurement as "ugly".
From the Paper " In Autobiography of a Face we are provided with the story of Lucy Grealy's first-hand recollection of her childhood and adult experiences with a facially disfiguring cancer called Ewing's sarcoma. Grealy learns she has cancer at the age of nine .."
The following paper discusses Cherubism, a rare, hereditary disease characterized by enlargement of the jaw bones (maxilla and mandible) on both sides of the face (bilateral) and a deformity in the setting of the eye sockets.
Abstract This essay examines the symptoms of Cherubism, a disease with unusual growths within the jaw and swelling of the face. It also discusses the causes, origins, treatment and future of this disease.
From the Paper ?The facial changes are brought about by overgrowth of fibrous tissue around the jaw bones. The disease starts to appear in the 3rd or 4th year of life and continues to grow until the person affected reaches the age of 15-20. Typically, the disease occurs early, when the afflicted person's primary teeth fall out and are supposed to be replaced by mature teeth. Instead, after the primary teeth fall out, the bone cells do not do their proper job, causing masses of soft tissue to develop in the jaw area. The disease, however, has been known to recede during adolescence. The size of the jaw stabilizes and progressively becomes smaller. In moderate cases, the deformity disappears altogether. Cherubism is a disease that has been around for a long time, yet little is known about the rare disease. Advancements in the study of cherubism are progressing slowly, yet consistently.?
Abstract The following paper examines and discusses the main differences between Walker's and Ellison's stories. In "Beauty", Walker's tormentors were small children who really had no power over her except the power she gave them, however Ellison's tormentors, who were white men, thought they had permanent power, an illusion Ellison chose to let them have to get what he wanted, when their power was actually temporary.
From the Paper "While Walker's story is sketchy, told with a minimum of details, as though she still can"t bear to revisit all those years, Ellison is bold, with every blow and humiliation carefully noted.While Walker's story only contains a few references to white people (one being that a white man refused to take her to the doctor), Ellison's whole story is about his experience with white men.Walker begins life as a normal, happy child, one of eight children. As children tend to be, she is self-assured of her beauty and her father's love. This is borne out when he chooses her to go to the fair with him, riding in a car owned by the white woman he works for. Her outfit, all ribbons and frills, is carefully noted, as though the outfit somehow shapes or at least adds to her own sense of her beauty. All through the story, at each step of the way, clothing is described, letting the reader see where Walker is at each stage of her life. At age six she carefully tells us that she's in a scallop and rose outfit for her Easter speech, and she says, ?I can tell they admire my dress.?
Abstract This paper examines the severity of wounds affecting the facial areas and looks at how facial disfigurement not only destroys the personality of the sufferer but it also impairs vital function if the wound affects the nostrils and the mouth. It enables both students and the laymen to understand the medical principles involved in treating wounds in the facial areas which vary according to the nature of the wound. Wounds may be either contusions, abrasions or lacerations. It also covers the treatment of burn patients as well as wounds inflicted during warfare and dog bites.
Outline:
Wounds and Injuries in the Facial Area
Facial Wounds
Classification of Wounds
Treatment of Wounds
Contusions
Abrasions
Prevention of Traumatic Tattoo
Lacerations
Puncture Type of Penetrating Wounds
Gunshot, Missile and War Wounds
Foreign Bodies
Treatment of Burns
Therapy
Burns in Mass Casualty Care
Miscellaneous Burns
Intraoral Wounds
Electrical Burns in Children
Dog Bites
Severed Parotid Ducts
From the Paper "Trauma to the facial area produces a variety of injuries. These injuries may be simple and limited to the soft tissues, or they may be complex and involve the underlying skeletal structures. Of all injuries, none perhaps are of more concern to the patient than those involving the facial region. All efforts therefore should be directed toward restoration of the injured parts to normal or as near normal as possible. Regardless of the type of wound encountered, early care is of the utmost importance to ensure restoration of normal function and prevent facial disfigurement."
Abstract This paper examines how Samuel Morison turns a personal life interest into a passion as he studies the life and journeys of Christopher Columbus in his book, "Christopher Columbus, Mariner". It shows that, while the modern view of Columbus has been rewritten and disfigured by multiculturalists into that of a greedy, slave-mongering, tyrannical despot, Christopher Columbus's journey and his exploits arose from his deep convictions, and these actions qualify him as one of the greatest explorers of all time.
From the Paper "His lack of actual empirical knowledge of the length of the journey, and not knowing about the continent which lay between Columbus and the Far East is one more of the factors which make his journey such a triumph of spirit and dedication to his chosen task. After long negotiations, Columbus was financed for his voyage by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, and in the fall of 1492, three ships were prepared in the harbor Palos (p. 35). On August 3, 1492, the fleet left Palos heading westward, parallel of Gomera. The weather was good; ?like April in Andalusia,? as Columbus wrote in his diary."
Abstract This paper examines the prevalent themes and images in various novels written by O'Connor, including "A Good Man is Hard to Find." and "Everything that Rises Must Converge." This paper discusses the author's practice of injecting allusions of religion, salvation and damnation into most of her works. The writer contends that these specific interests arose from the author's own impending illness and death as well as her deeply-held religious convictions. This paper analyzes O'Connor's works, which are strife with images of horrific violence and suffering, in which otherwise unsympathetic, even caricature-like, individuals face death and in so doing are freed to discover for themselves the meaning of life. This paper also details the many recurrent themes in O'Conner's works, including: Disfigurement, shallowness, pettiness, naivete, hypocrisy and overall meanness of character, all woven into a dark comedy. O'Connor was an intensely religious Catholic who used her gruesome fiction to explore the meaning of profound suffering and death and the way in which it could be used as a vehicle for grace and salvation.
From the Paper "O'Connor admits the importance of the death bed herself, in an essay in which she discusses "A Good Man is Hard to Find": "The heroine of the story, the Grandmother, is in the most significant position life offers the Christian. She is facing death." At the moment at which one faces death, on has the opportunity of sainthood. In "Everything that Rises must Converge," the role of martyrdom is hinted at as the boy prepares to walk with his mother and describes himself mentally as a mad man inn pursuir of "Saint Sebastian... waiting for the arrows to being piercing him." Sebastian survives being shot by arrows, and so the narrator will survive being shot at by arrows and will gain experience and even possibly sainthood. Sacrificing and expecting death any moment are, after all, how the author managed to write."
Abstract This paper describes leprosy, a disease which has afflicted humanity since time immemorial and has, at one time or another, affected every continent. The paper describes the areas of the body most commonly affected by leprosy, the damage it causes, the approximate number of people afflicted with leprosy, its incubation period, treatment strategies and the best possible methods for its prevention.
From the Paper "The World Health Organization reports that at the beginning of 2005, the number of leprosy patients under treatment throughout the world was approximately 300,000 (Leprosy pp). During 2004, roughly 400,000 new cases were detected, among them, 47 percent were multibacillary cases, 12 percent were children, and 4 percent were diagnosed with severe disabilities (Leprosy pp). During the past three years, the global number of new cases detected has continued to decrease at a reduction rate of about 20 percent a year (Leprosy pp). Although leprosy control efforts have intensified, full control of the disease has eluded many parts of Angola, Brazil, India, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nepal, and the United Republic of Tanzania (Leprosy pp)."
Abstract In this article the writer discusses the matter of identity and body experience as the relationship is illustrated in two novels. These novels are "Bone Black: Memories of Girlhood," by Bell Hooks and "Autobiography of a Face" by Lucy Grealy. The writer discusses the negative impact on protagonists of both novels of mainstream norms of beauty.
From the Paper "In 'Bone Black Memories of Girlhood' by Bell Hooks we are treated to the childhood experiences of a southern black girl through her own eyes. In 'Autobiography of a Face' by Lucy Grealy we are treated to one young girl's struggles to overcome the debilitating facial disfigurement of surviving cancer of the jaw. In both of these stories the authors provide us with an account of the horrors of living in a society where the mainstream norms of physical beauty are used to ... "
Abstract This paper looks at rosacea, a chronic skin disorder that not affects the skin but also the eyes. The skin disorder is not curable but if treated appropriately, can be kept under control. This paper also looks at the millions of people globally, that suffer from this painful and what can be disfiguring disorder.
From the Paper "Rosacea is broken down into four categories, pre-rosacea, vascular rosacea, inflammatory rosacea and a condition called rhinophyma. In the earliest stage, known as pre-rosacea, physical symptoms are characterized by episodes of redness on the face and neck. (Habif, 2004) In this stage the rosacea is not noticeable all the time but the person will have "flare ups", that can be caused by a number of issues. Prolonged sun exposure, spicy foods, cold/hot weather can all be causes of the flare up in the pre-rosacea stage. The second category is known as vascular rosacea, which includes telangiectasia. . The Wilkipedia defines telangiectasia, as the swelling of the blood vessels, which leads to the appearance of flushed and red skin (2006). According to Habif, the second stage, or vasular rosacea is more common in females. The third stage is known as inflammatory rosacea and the patient develops red bumps and the blood vessels show through the skin which looks like red lines on the face."
Abstract This paper discusses the chronology of various peace treaties and disarmament agreements between the United States and Russia. It looks at issues surrounding what transpired after the Vietnam war in terms of anti-nuclear protests which later led to nuclear weaponry reduction by the super powers. The aftermath of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki left many dead, disfigured, and exposed to radiation, thus propelling the movement towards peace.
From the Paper "Ever since the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 the world community has pressed for nuclear disarmament as many people have recognized that the use of nuclear weapons was/is not only immoral, but also genocidal (Allied, 2002). Arms control in the 21st century is a hot topic, particularly in light of the recent and ongoing terrorist threats. Over the past few years there has been great success in terms of arms control setting the precedence for the continued prevention against nuclear weaponry and has resulted in the indefinite extension of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The enormous stockpiles of nuclear weapons have built up over the past fifty years, thus posing as a serious threat to security in the post Cold-War world (Mishra, 2000). After the Cold War ended, disintegration of the Soviet Union led to the United States stepping..."
This paper analyzes and suggests appropriate treatment in the case of Susana Kaysen, a real person who wrote the memoir "Girl, Interrupted", which was made into a motion picture.
Abstract This paper relates that psychotherapy case formulation, which is a hypothesis about the causes, precipitants, and maintaining influences of a person's psychological, interpersonal and behavioral problems, is vital for clients; however, it is not routinely utilized and rarely integrated into the written record. The author posits that Susana's diagnosis is chronic post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD ) (Axis I) and borderline personality disorder (Axis II). The paper explains that the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) will prove helpful in appraising Susana's social, psychological and occupational functional abilities for planning her treatment, measuring her treatment's impact, and projecting the expected outcome of her treatment. The paper includes many quotations and tables.
Client Biography: Susana's Story
I See . . .
Strengths and Weaknesses: Susana's Sustenance
Recognizing Strengths
Identifying Enemies
Nature of Functioning: Susana's Perceived Abilities
Frequent Flashbacks
Diagnosis: Susana's Inquest
Beautiful Skin: "Disfigured" Inside
Global Assessment of Functioning Scale.
Treatment Plan: Susana's Path Back to Sanity
To Get Rid of the S . . .
From the Paper "Susana reportedly experiences ongoing conflict with her mother and father, as evidenced by numerous negative remarks about them. During Susana's early childhood, an incident occurs where she is injured and has to wear a cast for several months. She recalls being placed on a board for one trip with her family. At one point, Susana states that she does not want to "end" up like her mother. At her high school graduation ceremony, when Susana remains affixed to seat while her name is being announced, Susana's parents contribute her lack of responsiveness to "another one of her stunts," ..."
Abstract This paper reviews Lucy Grealy's memoir "Autobiography of a Face", discussing, in particular, the fantasy theme that is prevalent throughout the book. The author recounts Grealy's diagnosis with potentially terminal cancer and her ordeal of enduring surgery after surgery to reconstruct her disfigured face. The paper discusses how Grealy's sees herself, and how throughout her early life, Grealy believed after each unsuccessful operation that the next one would give her the fantasy face she was longing for so that she could begin her life.
From the Paper "In her memoir, Autobiography of a Face, Lucy Grealy describes her search for self and happiness. At the age of nine, Grealy is diagnosed with potentially terminal cancer which forces her to have a third of her jaw removed. From then on she endures surgery after surgery to reconstruct her disfigured face, while she suffers pain from peer rejection and uneasy stares from the world around her. Throughout her memoir, Grealy covers a number of themes, including everything from the meaning of beauty, to the desire to be special, to the fear of never being loved. One motif that stands out from the rest is fantasy. One of the ways that Grealy copes with her imperfect world is to play roles which allow her to hide her disfigurement and to feel more normal. However, Grealy's looking to fantasy as a way to discern what is perfect and what she should be causes her to become even more separate from a world in which she is already displaced."
