Abstract
This paper discusses the book, "Discussion as a Way of Teaching," written by Stephen Brookfield and Stephen Preskill, in which they thoroughly describe the use of discussion as a means of enhancing the democratic environment of a classroom. The paper describes the advantages of this sort of environment for the students and for the learning process. The paper also briefly discusses ways to have a successful discussion group with students.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Discussions and Democratic Process
Benefits for growth
Preparing for Discussions
Starting Off the Discussions
Keeping Discussions Going
Cultural Aspects of Discussions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Discussions do fail for a number of reasons, beyond lack of preparation. Hess (2005) says teachers shut them off prematurely, whether due to fear that they are losing control of the discussion, are guarded concerning the controversy that these talks may raise, or because they are just are not willing to cede the floor to the students. Hess stresses that it impossible to have valuable discussions if instructors talk too much. Not only does this monopolization prevent participants from having an opportunity to speak, it also communicates that their ideas are not valuable. In a study on how students view classroom discussion, 80 percent reported that they would speak less if they felt that their ideas were not valued (Hess and Posselt 2002). This does not mean, of course, that teachers should remain silent in discussions. Nystrand et. al (2003) found that the type of questions teachers asked accounted for the input of the students. Instructors who asked questions that elicited their ideas were much more likely to spark discussion and keep it going than asking test-like questions with one correct answer. Such thought-provoking questions communicate that the professor values what students think beyond reciting what others have said. In other words, respect of the student's thoughts plays an important role in the level of discussions."

Tags:structure, knowledge, participation, students

Abstract
This essay will discuss, compare, and contrast two approaches to psychotherapy: psychoanalysis and cognitive therapy. These two approaches are profoundly different, and so it is reasonable to think that one of them is closer to the truth, and thus might be expected to be more effective as a therapy. It will be shown that this is indeed the case. This essay will discuss, compare, and contrast two approaches to psychotherapy: psychoanalysis and cognitive therapy.

From the Paper
Psychotherapy - Discuss, compare, and contrast two approaches to psychotherapy. Discuss research that evaluates the effectiveness of each approach. Introduction This essay will discuss, compare, and contrast two approaches to psychotherapy: psychoanalysis and cognitive therapy. These two approaches are profoundly different, and so it is reasonable to think that one of them is closer to the truth, and thus might be expected to be more effective as a therapy. It will be shown that this is indeed the case. Contrasting psychoanalysis and cognitive therapy

Tags:psychoanalysis, cognitive, therapy

Abstract
This essay examines the importance of Place within an America that was finding its feet following The Civil War and The Great Depression. The importance of the distinction between the American North and South is also discussed.

Tags:american, faulkner, fitzgerald, location, scott, south, space

Abstract
The paper describes focus group discussions as well as the preparation involved and the difficulties associated with this form of research. The paper then looks at in-depth interviews, how they are conducted and their limitations.

Outline:
Focus Group Discussion
Preparing for the Focus Group Discussion
Difficulties in Focus Group Discussion
In-Depth Interview
Conducting the Interview
Limitations of In-Depth Interviewing

From the Paper
"In-depth interviews differ from focus group discussion because they are one-on-one interviews. ID's generally aim to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons that drive perceptions, behaviors, and condition of interest. Ethical considerations in ID's are very much like that of FGD's. The interviewer must obtain informed consent documents from respondents. The interviewer should also assure the interviewee of his/her privacy and the confidentially of data and/or other materials obtained from the interview. The interviewer should also ensure that the interviewee is well-informed of the purpose of the interview (RHRC Consortium 2004)."

Tags:bias, data, moderator, participants

Abstract
This paper examines how traditional teaching in the United States, as in other developed, industrialized nations. has been based on a hierarchical model in which a teacher has all of the authority in the classroom and in which students learn through rote drills and memorization of the facts that the teacher presents to them. It discusses how, even though some types of knowledge are best conveyed in this traditional fashion, for most other types of knowledge an non-traditional form of learning is both more enjoyable and more productive, learning. It explores one particular form of non-traditional, i.e., non-hierarchical, teaching and learning, that of constructivist teaching, which is based on the idea that learning is as natural to humans as breathing air. It shows how the goal of constructivism is an attempt to create the best possible match between the natural desire for children to learn (and their inherent skill at doing so) and the artificiality of the classroom environment.

From the Paper
"It should be clear that such a model of active learning has important implications for the process of education, for constructivist models of learning require that teachers create situations in which students are required to "construct" knowledge; that is, they are required to bring a very active mindset to bear on the problem. Thus colleges and universities should mirror natural learning situations in which cognitive development depends on active exploration of the world around one. This includes the use of discussions which will mirror in many ways the interactions that nurses will later have with their patients."

Tags:classroom, hierarchical, knowledge, students

Abstract
This essay discusses, through the Cohodas and Medina readings, how the concept of "emergent authenticity" affects the tourist industry. First, the concept of "authenticity" is negated through the intrinsic inclusion of "other" cultures, so what we think is authentic might not be, depending on the viewpoint and context.

From the Paper
Abstract This essay discusses, through the Cohodas and Medina readings, how the concept of "emergent authenticity" affects the tourist industry. First, the concept of "authenticity" is negated through the intrinsic inclusion of "other" cultures, so what we think is authentic might not be, depending on the viewpoint and context. Richard Wilk's modernization paradigm discourages the dichotomization of culture, between "old" (primitive) and "new" (western, industrialized). Both readings stress this polarity but strive to use tourism to enrich what we perceive as authentic and to facilitate the trading and building

Tags:anthropology, authenticity, cultures

From the Paper
" A perfect democracy would be a democracy where everyone- the poor, the rich, the weak, the strong- get to have a say in what the government does. Wherein the supreme power ultimately rests with the people. However, this is not reality. Instead, representative democracy can be defined in two ways: the responsible model and the popular model. In the popular model, ordinary people have a great deal of freedom and ability to participate actively in government. In this type, elections express the popular will and determine policies. Examples of this model include the House of Representatives, the Virginia Plan, and citizen initiatives. In the responsible model, citizens play a more passive role. Government officials have a great deal of freedom to act on the behalf of the country as a whole. Elections here, grant popular consent and determine leaders. Examples of this model are the Senate, the New Jersey Plan, and the Supreme Court. Although the people of the United States live in a democracy that has both popular and responsible elements, democracy here has always been more denoted by the popular model. "

Tags:government, politics

Abstract
In this paper, the writer begins by discussing from where much of our understanding of the life of Jesus is derived and how the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke confirm this. The author then begins an in-depth discussion of the Book of John and introduces us to an early form of Christianity denoted as Johannine and explains the differences in its language, approach and focus from the other Gospels. The author concludes by briefly discussing how the Jews stand out as a group within the Johannine perspective.

From the Paper
"The first three of these are known as the synoptic gospels, so-called for providing the canonical basis for the synopsis of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus, including the miracles which he commanded and the revolutionary actions which he performed. Typically, these are grouped together in their adherence to certain versions of events. Though marked with specific points of diversion in their separate tellings of the happenings which would foment the spread of Christian belief, ''there is enough sustained agreement between the sequence of sayings & deeds that Matthew, Mark & Luke ascribe to Jesus to convince most scholars that the story-line of these gospels comes from the same text.'' (Smith, 4) In their reconstruction of the story, these gospels serve as testimonial to the ideology which Jesus Christ of Nazareth would introduce to the world, using the events of his life and his martyrdom as demonstrations of the nature of faith.
The Gospel of John, which would become the basis of an early form of Christianity denoted as Johannine, differs from the other gospels in its language, approach and focus."

Tags:Gospel, New testament, Johannine, Christianity

Abstract
This paper seeks to know whether the devil is a real physical entity or a personification of evil. It discusses demon possession, and Satan as a fallen angel, as mentioned in the Bible. It goes on to discuss moral evil throughout our history, starting with Columbus arriving in the New World in 1492, up to the present day, including Adolph Hitler, and arrives to the conclusion that the devil physically exists, not just as a metaphor.

From the Paper
"Whether the devil is a real physical entity or a personification of evil, remains a central issue in theology, particularly within Christianity. Most of the conventional Christian churches teach beliefs that they have had since the first century; the beliefs are that Satan is an incredibly evil, fallen angel who is entirely consumed with destroying and corrupting humanity.(1) They teach that he is a supernatural being that is surrounded by evil minions. The liberal Christian churches teach that the devil is not a real creature but rather a metaphor for the presence of evil in the world. Early Christian thought concluded that Satan is a being without a center.(2) He is wholly a deceiver..."

Tags:bible, christianity, evil, history, kant, metaphysics, religion, theology

Abstract
This paper explains that an electronically documented supply chain, extending the entire length of the distance a product travels, creates a business climate in which there is a far higher degree of accountability and responsibility than there was before e-commerce. The author's research is based on guided, unstructured interviews with managers in both small and large companies that use EDI systems as a part of their overall business strategy of incorporating an e-supply chain to increase efficiency. The paper concludes that the overall results of this research suggests that an e-supply chain raises the stakes for the suppliers, thus,in relative terms, lowering the stakes for the final company in the chain. This paper includes an extensive discussion on the philosophy of research methodology.

Table of Contents
Introduction: Statement of Problem
The E-Supply Chain as Embedded in the Structure of E-Commerce
Review of the Related Literature
E-Supply Chains as Part of Overall Business Strategy
Methodology
Quantitative versus Qualitative Research
Different Tools for Different Questions and Different Questioners
Validity and Reliability of Data
Research Design
Treatment of Data
Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"Companies now have a wide range of distribution networks and channels available to them as they attempt to match consumers with goods. Having the right product to offer is never enough if supply lines fail and customers cannot actually buy whatever it is that they want. Some businesses try to keep their customers happy through direct selling "like the clothing company Land's End" in attempt to simplify the processes of logistics and distribution so as to limit the number of possible complications in the process."

Tags:phenomenological, distribution, government, documentation, accountability