Abstract
This paper consists of a case brief and the discussion of a hypothetical situation both dealing with discriminatory taxation in violation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The paper relates that the dispute considered taxes which Japan had imposed on liquor, with higher taxes on imported vodka.

Tags:discirimination, tariffs, gatt

Abstract
This paper examines three commonly used methods for assuring a non-discriminatory work environment. The author evaluates how these methods are applied in the workplace.

From the Paper
"Discrimination occurs when an employer treat someone differently on the basis of some characteristic such as race gender hair color height and so on. If a characteristic is specifically listed in an anti-discrimination law then it is illegal to discriminate against someone on the basis of that characteristic. The same laws that prohibit discrimination on the basis of protected characteristics such as race gender or religion also prohibit harassment on the basis of those characteristics. Federal law specifically ...."

Tags:Non-Discriminatory Work Environment, harassment, intimidation, retaliation, management's role, HR's role, examples

Abstract
This paper argues against profiling Arab Americans, which the author considers a form of discrimination and prejudice aimed at these citizens. The author points out that after the attacks of 9/11, there has been a spike in incidents of Arab Americans being racially and religiously profiled without their consent or knowledge. The author further states that law enforcement officials actively advocate this profiling. The author states that discrimination of any sort is based on stereotypes, and is a result of the 9/11 attacks still being felt years later. The author concludes that profiling Arab Americans is due to deep xenophobia among Americans.

Introduction
Literature Review
Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Many scholars have been warily tracing the increase in surveillance and surveillance technology in society, assaying a shift from individualized or community-based surveillance to an increasingly universal technological surveillance system based on capital. After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, public scrutiny drifted away from the sort of Orwellian paranoia perpetuated by many critics of surveillance before the attacks and turned to its necessity. Still, however, the dangers of the new surveillance are just as valid, if not more so, as a threat to democracy and the ideal of justice as "innocent until proven guilty" after the attacks. Some of the increased dangers after the attacks include the profiling of Arab Americans, restricted access, persistent issues of privacy, and the idea of a national border controlled by surveillance that may be turning exclusivist."

Tags:prejudice, surveillance, terrorism, 9/11

Abstract
In this paper, affectation of the glass ceiling in women's social roles provide a gender bias that restricts women from learning and training for higher positions in or above middle level management. The patriarchal milieu of American corporate life is often a major part of this problem, as women are often economically marginalized into lower level managerial jobs with far less pay. By understanding the gender bias of women as a 'reserve worker' in the modern era, the subjective stereotypes of women as domestic servant affect the ability of women to learn stronger and developed managerial skills.

From the Paper
Thank you for purchasing a customized research paper from Essay Experts LLC. We strive to deliver to our customers the most accurate and up-to-date research each and every time we prepare a custom work. Your Writer ID: #255 Order ID: 16284 Topic: Sociology Disclaimer: This document should be used in precisely the same way you would use any article you might find in your local research library. Remember, you must cite it properly just like you would any other source listed in your bibliography. If you have any questions regarding citing

Tags:socio, econ, psych

Abstract
This paper argues that the death penalty should be abolished. The paper asserts that the death penalty is spurious, often based on socioeconomic or other factors irrelevant to the severity of the crime itself, and employed in a racist fashion.

From the Paper
"The death penalty is an arbitrary institution that is employed for a series of reasons that are unrelated to the crimes committed by actual persons (assuming, of course, that those sentenced to the death penalty are even guilty of the crimes that they have committed). Indeed, the death penalty is employed differently depending upon the race, gender, and wealth of accused person. These criteria are unacceptable for use in determining outcomes that will result in imminent death for accused persons. The death penalty, since it is influenced by these factors is used arbitrarily and must be stopped."

Tags:unconstitutional, race, blacks, whites, jurors, executed, capital, crimes, women, men

Abstract
To effectively deal with the problems of discrimination in the workforce, a workplace environment must strive to prevent discriminatory behavior from occurring between employees It must also ensure that when discriminatory behavior does occur the participants involved in the conflict have a venue in which to express their differences and grievances. Finally, leaders in the workplace must make an effort to ensure that it doesn't occur in the future. This paper explains how preventing discrimination, therefore, requires an efficacious three-pronged attack for both public and private enterprises.

From the Paper
"When individuals work in a diverse workforce, and see others who are different than they are, excel, they are more apt to become tolerant of clients and customers as well as fellow employees on a subordinate and superior level whom are of diverse backgrounds. But even in the best workplace environments, conflicts will occur. Thus, it is important for employees to know they have someone to talk to, and somewhere to go, to address their grievances in a timely manner, before the conflict becomes dangerous to productivity. Trained, in-house counselors versed in discriminatory laws are necessary on the part of the firm, for issues of legal liability, to keep company staff abreast of potential illegalities. Trained HR staff must be aware of the firm's internal policies regarding non-discrimination."

Tags:ethnic, affirmative, action, HR

Abstract
This paper takes a look at what it takes these days to be non-discriminatory in hiring and in the workplace. The paper explains how this requires careful attention to federal guidelines, and to use merit as a means of promotion and retention rather than basing it on maintaining racial or ethnic or gender equality.

From the Paper
"Equal Opportunity employment is more or less the law of the land. One says more or less because there are still some pockets of resistance. However, most human resources managers now are very careful to use some form of Affirmative Action in their hiring process, Just what is the definition of Affirmative Action? Affirmative Action is a policy designed to create a non-discriminatory environment for the management of human resources and the distribution of economic benefits. It means taking a second look to..."

Tags:discrimination, rqace, ethnicity, sensitivity training, affirmative action, meritocracy, outsourcing, gender discrimination, downsizing, ENDA

Abstract
This paper reviews the debate between the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletics' Association) and black leaders over the discriminatory effect of NCAA Proposition 16. The author points out that the basic conflict is between black coaches and civil-rights leaders vs. college presidents and officials of the NCAA . The paper concludes that the problem lies with the structure and relationship between college and professional level athletics.

From the Paper
"The debate over the National Collegiate Athletics' Association's NCAA Proposition raged largely between black coaches and civil-rights leaders versus college presidents and officials of the NCAA. These two groups had faced off before over ..."

Tags:NCAA, proposition 16, proposition 48, racial discrimination, college sports, athletics

Abstract
The following paper is a discussion on the main body of employment discrimination laws, which are composed of federal and state statutes, with a look at some state constitutions which provide additional protection where the employer is a governmental body or the government has taken significant steps to foster the discriminatory practice of the employer. Hypothetical fact patterns are posed where several issues are raised, such as the pay differential between employees.

From the Paper
"The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution limit the power of the federal and state governments to discriminate. The Fifth amendment has an explicit requirement that the federal government not deprive individuals of "life, liberty, or property," without due process of the law. See U.S. Const. amend V. It also contains an implicit guarantee that each person receive equal protection of the laws. The Fourteenth Amendment explicitly prohibits states from violating an individual's rights of due process and equal protection. See U.S. Const. amend XIV. In the employment context the right of equal protection limits the power of the state and federal governments to discriminate in their employment practices by treating employees, former employees, or job applicants unequally because of membership in a group (such as a race or sex)."

Tags:age, gender, national, origin, physical, disability, race, religion, sexual, orientation

Abstract
This paper begins by citing numerous statistics on the numbers and demographics of the U.S. prison population. The paper then discusses the high levels of incarceration in the U.S., describes the American system's ruthless prosecution and incarceration of criminals deemed nonviolent and looks at theories regarding the positive correlation between economic disparity and punitive actions. Finally, the paper highlights the problem in the United States of widespread discriminatory imprisonment against the minority black and Hispanic populations.

From the Paper
"The statistics about prisoners in American jails at the local, state, and federal levels and juvenile detention centers has shown a growth from 1,319,000 in 2001 to 2,166,260 in 2002. The year 2003 has seen the fastest rate of growth over the previous years. The rate of growth of prisoners in state prisons was estimated to be 1.8 percent while that in federal prisons was 7.1 percent and in local jails was 3.9 percent. (Cass, Report: 1 of Every 75 U.S. Men in Prison) Again the federal prison system has 163,528 prisoners which are greater than that of the state system. (Butterfield, A6) The national growth rate of prisoners is attributed to the increased growth rate in some of major states such as Michigan, Florida, Pennsylvania and California. It is evident that California accounts for the highest number of prisoners among the states and Texas has the highest proportion of prisoners. (Parkin, 69)"

Tags:california, texas, federal, growth, rate, drug, crimes, convicted, violent, criminal, activities