This paper defines institutional discrimination and explains how it applies to homosexuals in Canada by denying them access to some governmental institutions.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, 2006, $ 35.95
Abstract This paper argues that Canadian homosexuals face institutional discrimination. This prejudice upholds stereotypes of gays as well as impacts their ability to have equal rights in a free society. Institutional discrimination as a term is defined and applied to the current situation faced by homosexuals in Canada. The author contends that although overt discrimination against homosexuals is disappearing, institutional discrimination maintains the status quo.
From the Paper "Overt discrimination against homosexuals seems to be disappearing. However, homosexual people in Canada still don't have the same access to institutions that other Canadians do. This would seem to indicate that homosexual Canadians are facing a high degree of institutional discrimination. Institutional discrimination is defined as the policies and or behaviours of an institution that negatively impact subordinate and or minority groups in a society (Pincus 1996: 186). Institutional discrimination of homosexuals is basically used to maintain the dominant status of heterosexuals in Canadian society by excluding homosexuals from these institutions. In order to become full and equal members of Canadian society homosexuals need to be able to be a part of any institution they wish."
Abstract This essay takes its basis from the comment of one politician regarding his "reservations" about homosexuals in the police force. It argues the moral implications of discriminating against gay men and women as projected into the greater community. Highlights outdated beliefs and humanitarian arguments.
From the Paper "The Victorian Police Minister's comments regarding his "great reservations about gays and lesbians in our police force" has been met with public outrage. So too has the Police Force's threat to sack three police members who responded to the Police Minister's comments. However, these comments and threatened sackings have a much more widespread implication for our society than momentary outrage. They have an implication for homosexuals in our community on a whole and not just homosexuals in the police force."
Tags: argumentative, editor, homosexuality, letter
Abstract This research paper attempts to show through a survey that Caucasians are more likely to support homosexual's right to marry. It discusses how this tendency of Caucasians to favor laws protecting homosexuals more than African-Americans is most likely to because they have never suffered discrimination to the same extent as African-Americans themselves, and therefore do not feel as threatened by extending such rights as marriage to homosexuals. It analyzes how this relationship is clearly evident again when control variables are introduced.
Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Data and Methods
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "Darren W Davis approaches the subject of civil liberties differently. In his article "Exploring Black Political Intolerance" Davis states "racial differences in political tolerance are primarily viewed as a function of racial differences in education and the perceived level of threat passed by various groups" ( Davis (1995) 3) Davis asserts that African Americans do not merit the protection of civil liberties as much as Caucasians not only as a consequence of a lesser education, but also as a combined result of low self esteem and because they feel threatened and fear impugnation. In an ill fated attempt to preserve their own rights, African Americans are willing to deny civil liberties to organizations or people who they perceive to be a threat. "
Abstract This paper discusses how America is moving in the direction of acceptance concerning homosexuality and how laws are being challenged and attitudes are changing in the work place, churches and social events. It examines the need for a study about the effects of the negative academic experience for homosexual students and looks at how the study may shed light on the importance or lack of importance for the promotion as homosexuality as an accepted orientation in school. It examines how there are many reports of harassment of homosexual students but very little on the academic bias that homosexual students face for 12 years of compulsory education and what impact that bias has on their self esteem and their later adult life.
From the Paper "The case in Ca is considered part of a national trend for the acceptance of alternative lifestyles but it does nothing to address homosexual students and how the current mindset and curriculums in regular classes affect them. Homosexual students currently face the same dilemma that African American and Hispanic students faced in the past. Everything that is taught and projected in school today is geared to heterosexual mindsets. There are no examples of homosexuality in everyday curriculum.
AA's suffered the same sort of subliminal discrimination in school for many years until experts realized it had a negative impact on the students. While this problem is being addressed there are still no examples of homosexual lifestyle used in everyday curriculums in K-12 grades."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the history and development of rights of homosexuals in America leading up to the present. The writer cites examples of states, such as Texas, that have intentionally held onto a law prohibiting sodomy as a means to punish homosexual men. The paper includes examples of court cases that illustrate the struggle faced by homosexuals and their supporters for equality.
From the Paper "The increasing inability of government to legislate sexual behavior, and therefore to regulate homosexuality, does not mean that homosexual rights are a universal inevitability. Attempts to add a clause to the Employment Non-Discrimination Act that would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation continue to face narrow defeat. Legislators are also at odds regarding efforts to include homosexual bias in the list of hate crimes violations. These examples of continued resistance indicate the kind of ongoing opposition to and revulsion for homosexuality that remain prominent in American society."
Abstract The paper argues that our approach towards others is based upon the prejudices that we have internalized through an uncritical acceptance of a worldview that has been imposed upon us by culture and upbringing. This argument is illustrated through an analysis of the differing cultural attitudes towards homosexuality, ultimately demonstrating that "morals" are not based upon absolute ethical principles as much as they are upon cultural ones.
From the Paper "The most common method of treating homosexuals is known as the "aversion technique" (Feldman and McCulloh 10). According to this, the homosexual patient is asked to think about something that is sexually stimulating to him. Then when he is sexually aroused, he is given electric shocks. Another way is to give patients certain chemicals that make them feel very sick and when they are vomiting, they are shown pictures of men (Feldman and McCulloh 10). Therefore, based on the wrong assumption that homosexuals are psychologically disturbed, they are treated medically worse than animals, and their basic rights as human beings are violated."
This paper addresses the concept of homosexuality in respect to the religions of Taoism and Buddhism. These two Eastern religions have significantly different perceptions regarding homosexuality than the traditional assumptions in Western religions.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, 2002, $ 89.95
Abstract This paper addresses the concept of homosexuality in respect to the religions of Taoism and Buddhism. These two Eastern religions have significantly different perceptions regarding homosexuality than the traditional assumptions in Western religions. Buddhism openly embraces homosexuality as part of its tradition, and Taoism does not openly object to homosexuality.
Tags: GENDER AND SEXUALITY / HOMOSEXUALITY, homosexuality two faiths
Abstract This essay will explore the subject of homosexuality by examining Michael Levine's article, "Why Homosexuality is Abnormal," and Timothy F. Murphy's "Homosexuality and Nature," which counters Levine's assessments. This context sets up a polemic about homosexuality from the viewpoint of happiness and legislation, which will be assessed in relation to John Rawls theory of social justice in order to determine the weakness of Levine's argument against homosexuality.
This paper examines director Alfred Hitchcock's practice of inserting homosexual imagery into his films, while focusing in particular on the film "North by Northwest."
2,725 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 0 sources, 2006, $ 81.95
Abstract This paper analyzes Alfred Hitchcock's film "North by Northwest," while detailing the areas in which the director inserted homosexual references, albeit on a sub-textual level. This paper discusses the critical analyses of Robin Wood, author of "The Murderous Gays: Hitchcock's Homophobia" and D.A. Miller author "Anal Rope," who both explore Hitchcock's use of gay images in many of his films. This well-written paper details the manner in which the main character of Roger Thornhill's homosexuality is portrayed as perverse. The writer of this paper clearly describes how Thornhill's character is at first gay, his perception of the perversity of homosexuality which force him to become somebody else, resulting in his being reborn as a heterosexual. This paper also touches on the attitude of the film industry in the 1940s and 1950s regarding the issue of homosexuality, which at the time was considered illegal.
From the Paper "The scene at Townsend's is a critical situation in Thornhill's character development. This is the first time that Thornhill is introduced to Van Damme, and at this point, Van Damme closes the drapes and turns on the lights. This presents two points that portray a homoerotic meaning. First, drapes in Hitchcock movies are usually portrayed as vaginal symbols. When Van Damme closes the drapes, he is denying Thornhill any kind of heterosexual sex. His turning on the light symbolizes the lighting of Thornhill's passion for Van Damme. The other point is that, with the drapes closed, they are free to do whatever they want without the intrusion of voyeuristic eyes. This is the beginning of the subtextual homoerotic relationship between Thornhill and Van Damme, which will play a major part in the overall context of homosexuality in the film."
Tags: film, analysis, gender, director, homosexuality, gay, industry
Abstract This paper explores the issue of homosexuality in a wider social context, with particular focus on it being deviant behavior. The author considers this behavior in different contexts, including how homosexual families are deviant. The paper also discusses the issue of homosexual marriage.
From the Paper " Socially homosexuality is considered deviant, by many, as it does not meet the social needs of the development of a traditional family, capable of creating offspring. Though the definition of family is changing even as this work is being written, the homosexual, same gender couple cannot and will likely never be able to create offspring, without the intervention of an outside party. Many would also say that the social implications of a homosexual couple of either gender raising a child is deviant as said child would then not be exposed to the norm of the family with regard to a man a woman and a child, or all the implications of it. (Zingo & Early, 1994, p. 1)"
Tags:homosexuality, society, deviant, behavior, prosocial, heterosexuality, homosexual, marriage
Abstract This paper discusses the ideas of community acceptance of homosexuality. The author examines society's attitude to homosexuality by referring to four personal interviews which are personal accounts of criticisms of homosexuality.
From the Paper "In our community there is common debate about homosexuality and whether it is right or wrong. There are many people who believe that homosexuality is wrong, but where we find a common problem is in the fact that these people have no business worrying about homosexuality, since it doesn?t affect their life directly in any way. Accepting homosexuality in our community would help our culture expand, and promote harmony in our community."
Abstract This article serves as a discussion of homosexuality. The paper looks at homosexuality through the eyes of the Episcopal religious leader John Spong. The writer discusses Spong's book 'Living in Sin: A Bishop Rethinks Human Sexuality'. The writer examines Spong's acceptance of homosexuality. In addition, the writer looks at Spong's beliefs about interpreting the bible.
From the Paper "John Shelby Spong's book 'Living in Sin A Bishop Rethinks Human Sexuality' deals with homosexuality from a unique perspective which has not as yet been discussed in this treatise on homosexuality. Spong's book is at the heart of the debate within the Episcopal Church about the issue of homosexuality. Paula Chin of 'People Weekly' writes that Spong has long been a renegade by favoring abortion, the ordination of women and the blessing of homosexual relationships. Spong set off a furor when he was the first to ordain an ... "
Tags:homosexuality, gay, lesbian, Christianity, tolerance, intolerance, acceptance, god's will, full participation, nature vs nurture.
Abstract This paper examines Christianity's attitude towards homosexuals in light of recent exposure of high-ranking church official's homosexual and pedophilia tendencies. It draws on many biblical sources in order to determine a stand to be taken amongst various Christian branches - Catholics, Presbyterians, Baptists and Mormons.
From the Paper "Christianity seeks to justify the marginalization of homosexuals by variously interpreting these passages. One must recognize that homosexuality, as a sexual proclivity, was acceptable in biblical times. While criminal by today's standards, in the Roman era, some men used younger boys for sexual gratification without the associated predatory, pederast behavior. The passages should be viewed within the social mores of the times. Biblical scholars also agree that the rigidity of interpretation of certain words: the etymology and relevance have changed, based on translation (Helminiak 85)."
Abstract This paper identifies sexuality of all kinds all around us, on the Internet, on movie posters, on radio "shock-jock" programs and on street corners where people of all genders attempt to sell their bodies to pay for rent or drugs.The author states that despite all this supposed openness, where even America's president has admitted a dalliance in the Oval Office, the idea of homosexuality as acceptable behavior still eludes the majority of Americans.The paper concludes that although homosexuality is more common it is still not accepted as it should be.
From the Paper " For far too long in the Twentieth century, we have laughed at the limp-wristed beautician and window dressers, and on TV, there was Paul Lynde, and in older movies, Franklin Pangborn and Eric Blore and Edward Everett Horton. But, these people never threatened the rest of us. And then, came the AIDS crisis, and the deaths of masculine stars like Rock Hudson. Funny, we would say to our dates, or our parents, "He doesn't LOOK gay."
Abstract This paper considers the fact that many Christian groups have a problem with homosexuality and with giving homosexuals any rights tied to their sexual orientation in any way. The paper considers why this is so, the source of this antagonism, and the idea of Cosgrove concerning how a rule needs to have justification to analyze why the rule might not be applicable today.
From the Paper "Given recent conflict on the issue of homosexuality in the United States, it appears that many Christian groups have a problem with homosexuality and with giving homosexuals any rights tied to their sexual orientation in any way. This has emerged most recently with the issue of gay marriage, but even without the question of marriage, many Christian groups decry homosexuality as a sin and condemn the practice, with some claiming that it is chosen or learned behavior and not an innate trait, which is contrary to current scientific opinion. Some of the reasons why this is so lead to a consideration of how to consider the influence of scripture on such judgments."
