Abstract
This paper explains that, among minority students as well as between male and female students, there are discrepancies in educational and occupational expectations and aspirations. The author points out that, using the National Education Longitudinal Study, a gap exists between aspirations and expectations among students who set goals that were unrealistic in nature and who had generally been described as having lower educational achievement levels early on in their education. This paper stresses that, first and foremost, educators have to identify when a potential for a discrepancy exists and than use a combination approach because there is no one solution that will fit every student.

Table of Contents
Historical Origins of Differences
The Discrepancies between Supposedly Increasing Educational Aspirations and Persistent Gaps in School Outcomes
Challenges These Differences Pose to Educators Today
What Schools and Teachers can do to Improve Educational Equity across Population Groups?

From the Paper
"Why the discrepancy? In the past little effort has been made to differentiate between aspirations and expectations; and example given is a study conducted in 1991 by Marjoribanks, who used the term 'aspirations' to describe his study, but actually measured student expectations. Thus, part of the blame rests on the shoulders of researchers. There is also evidence to suggest that sometimes students create aspirations that are unreasonable or unattainable. This is an issue that must be dealt with by school administrators and teachers, who must work together to help students create aspirations that are attainable and reasonable. In addition, students must be taught in an environment that encourages and supports, and one that recognizes the unique challenges and hardships any individual student may face when attempting to realize their expectations."

Tags:unrealistic, longitudinal, gap, combination, individual

Abstract
This paper discusses the love story in Scott F. Fitzgerald's novel, "The Great Gatsby," and examines the reasons for the failure of the love affair between the characters Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan. The paper describes the plot of the story, the characters and their class backgrounds and argues that the relationship was doomed by the discrepancy in the characters' social status.

From the Paper
"As we have seen, the love affair between Gatsby and Daisy was doomed by their class differences. Gatsby was lucky to even manage to meet Daisy, and only achieved this because his uniform disguised his class. Moreover, even though Gatsby spent five years acquiring the wealth and possessions which he thought would lure Daisy back to him, this was not to be. To lure Daisy back and keep her, Gatsby would have needed more than money - he would have needed social class. There are some things money cannot buy, and class is one of them. Thus, despite Gatsby's best efforts, their love affair remained doomed by their class differences."

Tags:status, affair, characters

Abstract
The paper discusses the assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy and examines the possibility of either the Mafia or the CIA to conspiring to kill President Kennedy. he author writes that the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald, discrepancies in the Warren Report, use of different firearms and ballistic information and key things missing in autopsy photographs all suggest a cover-up.

From the Paper
" On November 22, 1963, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated. Seven days later on November 29, 1963, the newly sworn in President, Lyndon B. Johnson, formed a commission that would investigate the assassination. The Warren Commission, as it would later be known, was to evaluate all leads and facts surrounding both the assassination of the President and the assassination of his alleged assassin. After the investigation was complete, the information found was to be reported to the President. The Commission gave their findings to the President in the form of the Warren Report, as the chairman of the Commission was Earl Warren. President Johnson had appointed Warren, the former chief justice of the United States, to head up the Commission. The Commission was able to compile much of its information with the help of Federal agencies, the city of Dallas, and thousands upon thousands of testimonies from people associated with the case. The Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of President Kennedy and that Jack Ruby had killed Lee Harvey Oswald."

Tags:assassinate, Dallas, Giancana, presidential, school, book, depository, Zapruder

Abstract
The portrayal of the Russian Revolutions has at times proved so markedly different, that it is hard to believe that authors or observers are discussing the same event. This paper focuses on this discrepancy in representation, highlighting the various factors which determined the way in which 1917 has been portrayed by first-hand observers, and later, by professional historians. In a case like that of the Russian Revolutions, where the generation of ensuing scholars and interpreters of other kinds were constrained by political ideology, we will see that history became the handmaid of the totalitarian regime, particularly under Stalin and his supporters.

Tags:interpreting, russian, revolutions

Abstract
The paper contends that, historically, the relationship between white and black Americans has been rough, but an onlooker would never realize that when watching American films. The paper postulates that "Buddy cop" movies such as Lethal Weapon create biracial police partnerships that never address the issue of race. The paper attempts to examine whether or not depictions of race in movies are truly realistic, or if they are pure fantasy.

From the Paper
"Extending the hand of friendship to other countries has always been the American way. The current conflict the United States is involved in is fought in a faraway land, because it is fought not for us, but for faraway people. Conversely, Americans have not always been quite so adept at extending that same hand to their fellow countrymen. At the same time many brave soldiers were shipped off to fight for Vietnam, the race riots of the 1960s were at their worst. In today's politically correct world, the media, particularly the motion picture industry, strives to turn its viewers against the truth of racism. ``Buddy films'' are released, creating biracial pairs in shining, flawless friendship. But because of the influence of these films, opportunities and lifelines are lost for the masses of people unrealistically portrayed on the silver screen. There are few films that go against ``the new orthodoxy of friendship'' (DeMott 571) that this paper sets out to prove."

Tags:film, hollywood, racial, english, white, black, inequalities, biracial, tension

Abstract
The paper investigates the reasons why Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, "Uncle Tom's Cabin", was condemned by literary critics, yet embraced by the public. Some of the reasons explored include the issues of racism, politics, the controversial contents of the novel, the fact that a woman wrote it, and religious morals. Several pages are devoted to a debate about whether Uncle Tom's Cabin belongs in the tradition of realism or sentimentalism. The paper also discusses and explains the fact that it was received and critiqued differently in the North and the South.

From the Paper
"At the time of its publication in 1852 Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, received an enormous amount of attention -- both positive and negative. However, despite the negative criticism the book has received, Josephine Donovan, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin: Evil, Affliction, and Redemptive Love, states the novel "remains the world's all-time best-seller. In the first year alone it sold 300,000 copies in the United States and a million in England. As of 1976 it had been translated into fifty-eight languages . . . " (Donovan 11). Although these figures reflect high sales volume, the readership was even more extensive than implied, as it is estimated there were probably "ten readers to every purchaser" (Gossett 165)."

Tags:racism African-American Civil War censorship slavery realism

Abstract
This paper discusses how Marshall 'Eminem' Mathers is one of the most controversial figures in all of music and how his explicit lyrics that degrade women and homosexuals, describe the murder of his wife, and glorify guns and drugs, draw fans in and leave them wanting more. In particular, the paper looks at how as a successful musician, Eminem is often on the road away from his daughter, and when he is home and present in her life, Hailie is forced to deal with a conflict filled relationship between her parents. For these reasons, the paper contends that Eminem is not a proper father figure for his daughter.

From the Paper
"The first reason that Marshal Mathers is not a positive role model for his daughter is that as a professional rapper, Eminem tours frequently and is on the road for long periods at a time. For instance, in the year 2000, Eminem went on both The Anger Management Tour and The Up in Smoke Tour, forcing him to be on the road for six out the twelve months. In this same year, Eminem's daughter would have been five years old, just starting school. To have her father out of the picture for so long during this time in her life would have had a massive impact on Hailie. There are some people who would argue that Eminem's absence from his family is not an issue when it comes to his role as a father figure. These people say that Marshal could bring Hailie along on the tour with him or phone home on a regular basis. "

Tags:Marshall, Mathers, rap, music

Abstract
This paper reviews individually and then compares and contrasts two different books about business, "Business Ethics" by Richard DeGeorge and "The Soul of a Business" by Tom Chappell. "Business Ethics" explores the areas of rationales of a business and describes how things and people should be in harmony so that the business environment is preserved and maintained in a diligent manner. "The Soul of a Business" mentions ways of re-shaping and changing the business in order to work for the common good of the business, customers, employees, entrepreneurs, business owners and community.

From the Paper
"The book begins with an introduction to the present business scenario, then Degeorge explains how to implement and pursue with tools and techniques of ethical analysis and moral reasoning, to the various issues taking place in all areas of business including marketing, finance, management, strategic planning, computer systems, etc. With the assistance of charts, he epitomizes how to use various ethical approaches and how to use these in handling issues. It is an excellent book showing readers how to ponder on various difficult business issues to solutions i.e. not only showing both sides of the issues but also how to think and solve them prudently."

Tags:domestic, international, marketing, finance, management, strategic, planning, customers, employees, enterpreneurs

Abstract
Paper indicating great discrepancies in how Canadian labour is presented in the Canadian print media at the present time; failure of capitalist and socialist opinion to discuss Labour and labourers as more than faceless entities; theoretical assumptions of different kinds, all obscuring what the present situation IS, and stands to be. Obviously, assertions on labour in relation to economic conditions must be made carefully.

From the Paper
Representations of Canadian Labour in the Popular Media. Introduction This paper refers to a variety of Canadian news media pieces suggesting a detached understanding of the Canadian labourer. Other media materials imply different opinions of labour and the labour market, the facts of labour shortages in the Province of British Columbia, for instance, described in terms of efforts to ease the entry of workers from the Philippines and elsewhere, in conservative journalism that is obviously meant to inspire sentiment on Canadian unemployment or under-employment versus the alleged necessity of bringing in foreign workers. As the

Tags:cdn labour, print journalism, contrasts

Abstract
This paper discusses James Madison's "Federalist 10 Paper" and its effects on American government. Distinctions are made between the concepts of "republicanism" and "democracy," and what they implied for the creation of an American legislative system. The author finds discrepancies between what is implied and what is stated in this Madison work.

From the Paper
"In James Madison's essay, the Federalist 10 paper, Madison articulates his hesitations about popular rule, or more accurately, "pure democracy," and the pernicious "faction" that might result from it. To obviate the destructive forces of faction that are implicit in "pure democracy," he offers instead a "republican" form of government. In this arguably elitist document, Madison cites the two methods of "curing the mischiefs of faction," by either "removing its causes" or "controlling its effects"."

Tags:American, government