Abstract
The paper contends that large corporations utilize strategies of censorship, propaganda and globalization that alienates the populace and destroys people's faith in being governed. The paper explains that this is in order to restructure a supra-capitalist, technocratic society. The paper shows the difference between censorship and propaganda and discusses how globalization can cause a level of propaganda that leads people to believe that censorship is what they want and need.

From the Paper
"What is the difference between censorship and propaganda? "Intelligent men must realize that propaganda is the modern instrument by which they can fight for productive ends and help to bring order out of chaos" (Bernays 168) . Censorship is the "suppression of information, whether purposeful or not, by any method--including bias, omission, underreporting or censorship--that prevents the public from understanding what is happening in society" (Jensen 419) . Webster is more to the point. A censor is one "who reads communications and deletes forbidden material" (Webster 135) . Since there are many different kinds of information or knowledge in society that need to be forbidden because they are harmful to certain groups (i.e., the use of drugs, pornography, assault weapons), what rationale legitimizes suppressed information as forbidden and therefore potentially harmful? The rationale is "to bring order out of chaos" by the instrument of propaganda: "the conscious and intelligent manipulation of the masses" (Bernays 37)."

Tags:technocracy, capitalism, Bush, administration, oil, wiretapping

Abstract
The author of this paper presents the arguments put forward by Julian Barnes' in his book "A History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters" and Margaret Atwood's, "A Handmaid's Tale" that offer different modes of deconstructing the "Genesis" as a grand narrative. The paper also explains how Barnes rejects the lineal view of history and provides a cyclical explanation of events all along human times.

From the Paper
"From the times of the Hebrew on, the Bible has been considered the sacred scripture that provides the founding pillars for the Christian dogma all throughout history. Yet, troughs the passing of years, there have been two distinct approximations to that sacred text. On the one hand, there has been the orthodox approximation, that of the believer who attributes the biblical origin to the Holy Spirit; and, on the other hand, there exists the intellectual approach, that of the scholar who considers the Bible as an anthology of primary books from various authors and periods. In the past and even in the present postmodern times then, the biblical text has served as source of information not only about religion but also about history, sociology, politics and literature, among other fields."

Tags:text, origin, anthology

Abstract
This paper analyzes Aeschylus' play, "The Eumenides." It specifically focuses on Orestes' trial. It looks at the two parties involved in his trial and the misleading notions in Apollo's speech. The paper also discusses modern society's notion of there being a greater burden on motherhood than fatherhood and how this notion relates to "The Eumenides."

From the Paper
"Many view Aeschylus' trilogy as a work of patriarchal sexism, designed to further deteriorate the importance of female roles in society. Aeschylus uses Orestes' trial to belittle motherhood as it is juxtaposed to fatherhood. Although logical and warranted on the surface, Apollo's arguments can be easily destructed once it is analyzed in fragments, for deeper examinations. The relationships between human children and their mothers are incomparable to that of human children and their fathers. Not only do all mothers contribute an equal share of biological genes to their infants, they also carry and nourish their babies for nine months, during which they are the sole individuals dictating the fate of their newborns. Finally, the example of Athena's birth is extraneous to the trial, as is Orestes' potential contribution to the future of Athens. Thus, if Aeschylus truly intended to advance the depreciation of women in society, he did this under a prejudiced court without substantial evidence of proof as to why fatherhood is more significant than motherhood."

Tags:patriarchal, relationships, society

Abstract
This paper explains that people who report the crime of rape to the authorities are attacked very often because of rape myths. The author points out that rape myths permeate society with their age old rhetoric and transform large scale false beliefs. The paper stresses that rape myths give perpetrators the ability to justify their actions and, at the same time, they discredit the real victims who wish to seek justice. The author underscores that there are numerous rape myths, but the most common ones, which the author examines in detail, are 'you can't rape the willing', 'men are at danger of being falsely accused of rape', 'some categories of forced sex are not really rape' and, the most famous one of all, 'no can mean yes'.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Impossible to Rape an Unwilling Woman
Women Secretly Want to be Raped
Women Cry Rape
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Metaphorically speaking, the penis was deemed a weapon and the vagina as a submissive holder for it. The saying implicates that by merely 'vibrating', this holder could fend off the attack. In the words of Michael Ryan, one of the most prominent jurists in the 1830s, it was 'almost impossible' to rape a resisting woman. Children who had claimed that they were raped had to do so very carefully, many at the time considered the rape of a child impossible! John Leeson, who was a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, was one of the professionals who had claimed this."

Tags:macho, statistics, rhetoric, discredit

Abstract
This paper describes the circumstances of the scandal that arose around Patricia Dunn, chairman at Hewlett-Packard, when she had to investigate why secrets regarding corporate strategy began appearing in the press. The author explains that when evidence pointed to board member Jay Keyworth as the source of many of the leaks to the press, his friend and fellow board member Tom Perkins took offense at Dunn and launched a campaign to discredit her. The author concludes that it seems that the charges brought against Dunn are largely the result of Perkins's discrediting campaign against her.

From the Paper
"Someone from the board had been leaking valuable company info to the press - not only about HP corporate strategy, but about whom the board was considering for CEO as well as the company's interest in buying another tech company. The majority of the board asked Dunn to investigate the source of the leak. The investigation went a bit too far, and Dunn was eventually indicted on charges of pretexting - that is, using false pretenses in order to obtain the personal information of board members and journalists connected with the leaks."

Tags:unethical trust journalist illegal, Wall Street Journal, e-mail

Abstract
This paper explains Galileo's profound contribution and decisive arguments to those who legitimately sought to discredit the Ptolemaic theory.

Abstract
.After a necessary analysis of his major ideas, this essay will concentrate on his understanding of recollected memory and how recollected memories are a screen to protect the deeply concealed id whose impulse or fantasy threatens psychic equilibrium. In this context, one sees how in this system it was easy for Freud to discredit many of the surfacing memories of abuse that women had who underwent therapy because they were trying to conceal deeply concealed fantasies.

Abstract
The paper is a description of what role ethics and morals play in the life of a defense attorney. While having to support his client, a defense attorney more often than not would have to prove the prosecution's witness to be fake. The paper deals with the techniques that are followed by an attorney to protect his client and it gives us an idea of the numerous strategies that he would have to adopt to prove his client in the right. Further, the paper is also a discussion upon facts as to whether an attorney can purposely cross question a witness, and mislead the court just to prove his client not guilty. Here the main purpose of the argument starts with the fact whether a defense attorney is ethically right when he decides to purposely cross-examine the prosecutor's witness just to mislead the court, when he knows that the witness is saying the truth, and does so only to discredit his answers.

From the Paper
"From time immemorial lawyers have been condemned and thought of as conniving people. As early as the biblical times writers have been condemning lawyers. The great satirist, Jonathan Swift had in his book Gulliver's Travels in 1726 stated that there was a society of men among us, bred up from their youth in the art of proving by words multiplied for the purpose that white is black and black is white, according as they are paid. To this society all rest of the people is slaves. It can be stated that the real reason to conduct "Cross Examination" is to find answers to questions of fact. This can be stated to be the stage in a trial where the other party questions witnesses. The main reason to conduct cross-examination could be to find out facts that would turn out to be favorable for the case, to challenge the statements given by the witness. A counsel usually conducts cross-examination but the accused person can also conduct his defense by himself."

Tags:court, witness, prosecuter, examine, cross

Abstract
This paper attempts to illuminate the origins of Islamic political thought and also to introduce similarities between Islamic and Western ideas. The writer argues that Islamic political thought (especially the socialist movement) is not a dangerous and violent opposition to Western democracy. The paper works to discredit some stereotypes not only about the Islamic world but also about the idea of Socialism in general.

From the Paper
"There are many aspects of Western civilization that were not accepted by the Islamic world. First, the social principles and the life of the West were totally different from the Muslim culture. Practical and technical knowledge, full markets with material goods were "incapable of offering to men's minds a flicker of light, a ray of hope, a grain of faith, or of providing anxious persons the smallest path toward rest and tranquillity" (Al-Banna 119). After more than a hundred years of European rule, many Muslims got tired of Western materialistic culture and wanted some spiritual satisfaction that they had before the Western Intervention (Al Banna 118-119)."

Tags:Algeria, Somalia, politics, society, Muslim, thought

Abstract
The paper presents a history of the African American struggle starting in the 1850's with the case of Dred Scott. It continues by explaining the status of African Americans during and after the civil war. The paper documents how, in the 1940's and 1950's, African Americans began to challenge the injustices they faced, particularly with regard to education. The paper continues to the 1960's with the rise of the Black Panther Party (BPP) and the Nation of Islam. The paper focuses on the aims and methods used by the BPP and how the FBI tried to discredit the BPP and other Black revolutionary organizations.

From the Paper
"In 1954, the Supreme Court legitimately struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson in its Brown v. Board of Education decision, which ruled that separate educational facilities were intrinsically unequal. Some areas readily embraced integration after Brown, while others submitted only after further prodding from the courts. School administrators rapidly realized that they faced many problems, such as increased violence and increased discrepancy in the abilities of students in the same classroom."

Tags:slave, education, Black-Panther-Party, justice, equality