Abstract
The paper explains how in business and other endeavors, communication and decision-making are invariable factors that contribute to the success - or failure - of any undertaking. The paper examines Mark H. Fowler's term of philosophical discontinuity in a case where one manager left a company due to disagreements in decision-making. The paper shows how despite the misgivings of the one manager, the decision was seen as the best one for the company. The paper looks at Allan Chapman's "decision-making maxims" and at Carter McNamara's "downward and upward communications." The paper concludes that the key to avoidance of disagreement is communication.

From the Paper
"Simplistically, it may be termed as "difference of opinion" or "varying viewpoints." But as Fowler (2002) presented in the case of the "Owner vs. Manager" wherein the owners "wanted to focus on the existing customer base and develop new products for existing customers" while the managers "wanted to reach new markets and expand firm capabilities", despite growth in sales after "discussing the different plans and agreeing to" the direction of the owners, one manager still left. This is also a case in point of not being able to satisfy everyone's wish and if a person strongly disagrees with management decision, quitting is always a prerogative."

Tags:groupthink, problem-solving, communication

Abstract
This paper defines and discusses discontinuous innovation and whether or not it is likely to affect a specific unnamed organization. It suggests how the organization should respond to the possibility of disruption. The paper examines areas such as R&D, marketing activities, technology strategy and organization and relates them all to new product development. It also examines radical innovation and incremental innovation.

Table of Contents:
Scenario
Executive Summary
Introduction
Analysis & Interpretation
Conclusion
Recommendations

From the Paper
"It is clear that the pre-phase innovative potential vested within a project or within an organization or team is critical in the determination of whether the project, organization or team will be innovative in nature and in an ongoing and expanding manner. Radical innovation and incremental innovation are quite different from one another and it is likely that both types of innovation are required in projects, organizations or teams that are successful for an ongoing period-of-time. Breakthrough innovation is also a requirement in the successfully discontinuous innovative initiative. Innovation in the High-Tech market certainly combines the requirements of all these groupings and types of innovative components in order to be successful and stay competitive in the rapidly changing, advancing and expanding high-tech marketplace."

Tags:LED, R&D, radical, incremental

Abstract
This paper deals with the motive of continuity and discontinuity in Graham Swift's novel "Last Orders", focusing on postmodernism and intertextuality. The recollections of each character are related and utilized to demonstrate the underlying theme of continuation and discontinuation.

From the Paper
"The reader, because he bears the role of voyeur and intruder in those streams of consciousness, progressively happens to own more knowledge than any isolated enunciator. The reader is like the private eye of a detective story, slowly watching the truth unfold. This very precisely worked-out reorganization of time makes him the only omniscient instance of the discourse. For instance, in Vince's soliloquy of page 136 to 137, the photograph of Ray and Jack in the desert - a recurring object that participates in the dimension of continuity - wouldn't have the same effect if we had not known before that it was taken after both of them came out of the Egyptian brothel. Vince's mentioning of Jack appearing "all by himself, with his shirt undone, chest bare, holding a ciggy" or "grinning, still alive, like he knows you don't know who he really is" bears then another meaning, only accessible through our experience as intruders."

Tags:intertextuality, narrative, scheme, discontinuity, continuity, polyphony

Abstract
This study brings together the histories of depression, antidepressant treatment of depression, and antidepressant discontinuation syndrome. These individual histories are combined to magnify a diagnostic and treatment situation that requires better management. In addition the literature is reviewed and the problems facing practitioners today are summarized. The paper concludes by proposing a methodology of establishing a singular and cohesive timeline so that recurrence of depression is prevented, hospital stays are decreased and higher levels of functional recovery can be achieved. This paper contains several tables.

Table of Contents
Abstract
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Definition of Terms
Limitations of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Literature Review
Etiology
Secondary Depression
Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
Prevalence and Risk
Prevalence of Secondary Depression
Risk Factors of Secondary Depression
Prevalence of Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
Risk Factors of Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
Diagnosis and Methods of Assessment
Diagnosis of Secondary Depression
Methods of Assessment of Secondary Depression
Diagnosis of Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
Methods of Assessment of Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
Treatment and Management
Secondary Depression
Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
The Singular and Cohesive Timeline
Discussion and Conclusion
List of Tables
Table 1 - Causes of Secondary Depression
Table 2 - Matrix of Etiologies and Treatment of Depression
Table 3 - Differential Diagnosis for: Mood Disorder Due to
General Medical Condition 293.83
Table 4 - Diagnostic Criteria of Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome
Table 5 - Treatment Earmarks for Secondary Depression
Table 6 - Suggested Tapering Rates According to Shelton,
Table 7 - Treatment Earmarks for Secondary Depression and Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome

From the Paper
"Diagnosis of secondary depression in neurological patients has only recently become a major issue among rehabilitation practitioners. Unfortunately, it has historically been a struggle for mental illness to be treated as effectively as physical illness. Practitioners should be better equipped to help achieve maximum levels of postmorbid biopsychosocial functioning during the recovery process. Managing depression and related antidepressant discontinuation syndrome is an aspect of function recovery that needs closer scrutiny. The zeitgeist of the medical practitioner dealing with these issues needs to change from one of overcoming individual occurrences to one of overcoming a full progression timeline."

Tags:mental illness, biopsychosocial postmorbid functioning, function recovery, full progression timeline, neurology

Abstract
This paper explores the nexus between modernization and development, the different aspects of modernism and its contribution to the discourse of development. It argues that the modernization perspective has been discursively significant in the development of the underdevelopment discourse and has been widely applied as a political tool in prescribing development for Third World societies.

From the Paper
"The two great wars in the first half of the twentieth century fundamentally altered the way Europe dealt with its former colonies. As the rise of welfare states changed the economic orientations of states, the provision of humane conditions of living became part of state responsibility. The development project rose in the context of a post-colonial international system with the aim to modernize societies along the lines of the Western democracy-capitalism model. Governments in former colonies also known as third world countries faced dual pressures: how to fit in a Western balance of power-based state system and how to rapidly 'develop'. As observed, there is an enormous emphasis on the state in delivering a better quality of life for the people. This is the historical context of development. On the other hand, the discursive context of development comes from a realisation. "

Tags:democracy, capitalism

Abstract
This paper looks at different theories of education to see which best explains the achievement gap. The paper decides that cultural discontinuity is the main theory explaining the achievement gap and explains why the other theories are not as good.

From the Paper
"The theory which best explains the achievement gap in education is cultural discontinuity. Cultural discontinuity argues that we cannot assign value judgements or measure different modes of communication against an Anglo middle class norm, because this is not representative of the student population as a whole anymore. We need to look at different modes of communication as culturally relative. There are differences in communication styles between students of color and the Anglo culture which are culturally based and just, presenting the Anglo culture in the schools leads to conflicts..."

Tags:education, achievement gap

Abstract
This paper first presents an experiment to determine the critical micelle concentration of a surfactant and to examine the micellar structure. Next, the author reviews the details of this experiment. The paper concludes that the experiment indicates that the discontinuities in the physical properties of surfactant solutions are a reliable indication of the surfactant's cmc. The author includes a number of illustrations and graphs as well as sample calculations.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Experimental Detail
Conclusion
Results and Discussion

From the Paper
"At this point, it should be reiterated that the mechanism of surfactant action in this experiment was solubilization. In polar solvents like water, the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails of SDS molecules are sequestered in the core of a micelle, while the anionic heads are in contact with the surrounding solvent. Thus, nonpolar solutes like Sudan IV dye can be incorporated into the micelle cores, which themselves are solubilized in the bulk solvent courtesy of the polar heads' favorable interactions with the solvent molecules. In effect, the dye molecules become "dissolved" and capable of contributing to absorption upon exposure to uv-vis light."

Tags:detergents amphiphilic, physiochemical properties, absorption spectrum, absorbance readings

Abstract
George Gmelch and Sharon Bohn Gmelch examine the continuities and discontinuities in the village life in St. Lucy, which is Barbados' northern and most rural parish. In many respects, this is an ethnographic and social study. The authors discover that the citizens are not as isolated and estranged from the world as many stereotypes would have it. In many respects, there are positive as well as negative features to this reality. On the one hand, globalization helps keep the island economically afloat, but at the same time the forces of the free market hurt the island in a cultural and economic sense as well.

Abstract
The paper discusses a research study that will explore the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. The paper examines the role of healthcare providers in this situation, presents the research question and looks at the methodology to be used.

Outline:
Identification of Phenomenon of Interest
Statement of Research Purpose
Significance of the Phenomenon to Nursing
Research Question
Overview of Methodology

From the Paper
"Life-sustaining interventions have the potential to increase the life span of patients, yet termination of these interventions in ICUs is steadily increasing. Whereas providing the options regarding withholding or withdrawing treatment is common in the ICU environment, assisting family members as they struggle with these decisions on a personal level is extremely problematic (Abbott, Sago, Breen & Abernethy, 2001). The decision to withhold or withdraw these interventions involves a complex process for family members and occurs in stages (McHale Wiegand, 2006). For many family members, they are forced to become involved with decisions about which they have little or no information and have no preparation (McHale Wiegand, 2006)."

Tags:communication, healthcare, providers, nursing, withdrawal, intervention

Abstract
This paper explains that Jack London's works have received praise for their vivid descriptions of nature, and of the Klondike Territory in particular, and his works generally deal with the theme of the individual in opposition to an amoral, natural world. The author points out that an interesting perception of the inner logic that functions within London's work is the analogy to modern sports; the elements within the ethos of modern sports form a foundational perspective for understanding the works. The paper reveals that one of the most important aspects of London's work is the "discontinuity" that is revealed between man and nature and between civilization and instinct, which is particularly true with regard to the work, "To Build a Fire", where civilization and society are brought into extreme contrast with nature.

From the Paper
"Howard makes an important point to aid our understanding of naturalism in that naturalism contains within it some essential assumptions; one of the most important being that of "reality" as an external referential environment that is unquestioned. This runs counter to post-modern theoretical stance, which sees reality as relative and determined by the individual's perception. The critical literature also emphasizes an exploration of London's work from a socio-cultural and more time bound point of view."

Tags:nature, klondike, sports, discontinuities, genre