Abstract
This paper begins with a brief examination of the life and accomplishments of Alfred North Whitehead. The paper then goes on to describe the three elements, according to Whitehead, that play a vital role in the intellectual and ethical evolution of humanity. The paper also defines Whitehead's theory of noble discontent and its three internal related aspects. Each of Whitehead's three essential elements to humanity's evolution are then discussed and analyzed in detail.

From the Paper
"According to the philosopher Alfred North Whitehead there are three terms that play a vital role in the intellectual and ethical evolution of humanity. Whitehead argues that without these three elements the evolutionary process would not occur. The term "noble discontent" from Alfred North Whitehead's readings Adventure of Ideas is structured by, beauty, intelligence and duty. This paper will argue that Whitehead's notion of "noble discontent" is a key ingredient in the intellectual and ethical development of human society since it has driven man to a higher rational thinker."

Tags:philosophy math, alfred north whitehead, noble discontent

Abstract
The paper discusses Alfred North Whitehead's theory of "noble discontent" in the ideological evolution of the human mind and thought process. The paper explains his idea that curiosity and the human desire for beauty and morality eventually led to the enlightenment of the modern man and beyond.

From the Paper
"This kind of distinction provides the details on how the human mind as come to know differences in thought, which relate directly to a definition of how the soul is 'noble'. The 'discontent' factor in the quote relates to how human beings are more aware of a moral choice, which helps them to sustain commitment and loyalty to longevity and higher mental capacities. By being able to use the rationale faculties of the human mind, the idea of the soul fuses these principles in an evolutionary process from the lower animal. This is why the animal self becomes lesser through the advent of critical distinctions between 'right and wrong' in the application of thought, especially when thought involves breakthrough ideas that help advance humanity to higher spheres of ideological coordination or application in reality. This is the "sense of criticism" (11) that Whitehead is putting forth in how understanding distinctions of thought in evolving to a more sophisticated human mind."

Tags:beauty, morality, duty, mind, intelligence

Abstract
This paper discusses how Alexis de Tocqueville in "Democracy in America" and Michael J. Sandel in "Democracy's Discontent" both address issues of democracy, freedom, the role of government, and the good citizen. It looks at how their viewpoints differ because they write at different times of history. De Tocqueville writes at a time when democracy is a novel ideal. Aristocracy has been the main form of government, and this, therefore, plays a major role in his writing. Sandel, on the other hand, deals with contemporary issues such as the global community and the implications of new technology and diminishing boundaries among people.

From the Paper
"De Tocqueville stresses the importance of civil equality in the achievement of true democracy. This equality implies the lack of divisions and barriers between social classes. This is the equality that he sees in American culture as opposed to European culture that still subscribes to the aristocratic means of government. The democratic ideal implies more freedom than would be possible with an aristocratic government: "Let us suppose that all the people take a part in the government, and that each one of them has an equal right to take a part in it. As no one is different from his fellows, none can exercise a tyrannical power; men will be perfectly free because they are all entirely equal" (De Tocqueville, Book II, Chapter I)."

Tags:global, aristocracy, technology

Abstract
This paper discusses how Freud's theories about the mind, repression and aggression, dreams and civilization are reflected in his work, "Civilization and Its Discontents", originally published in 1929-30. The paper shows that the central theme of Freud's work is that without repression of the instincts there would be no civilization. Freud describes how, as human-kind moves historically from cave man to modern times, in order for them to survive in groups and communities, they have to learn to cooperate with each other. The paper describes how this evolving cooperation offers humans securities needed for survival, but it also causes them to repress or bury inside themselves many natural tendencies. This repression creates a tension between the inner self, or the subconscious and the outer world. The paper explains how, in "Civilization and Its Discontents" Freud further develops his theory, demonstrating how the subconscious mind, with it's three divisions - id, ego and super-ego - is in continual conflict, or discontent, with civilized society.

From the Paper
"A main area of repression of instinct that causes one of the strongest conflicts with civilization is sex. According to Freud, man's main purpose in life is to seek happiness and the repression of his sexual instincts, as required by civilization, severely limits his opportunity to find pleasure and satisfaction in sexuality. Civilization demands that man not rush out in cave-man fashion to gratify his sexual instinct wherever and whenever the urge strikes. Rather, monogamous relationships established more for the purpose of propagating the race than for offering sexual pleasure are encouraged, and non-heterosexual urges are strongly discouraged (Freud 60-61)."

Tags:psychoanalysis, sexual, subconscious

Abstract
This paper will argue that both of these novels are critiques of the "American dream" of suburban prosperity and success. The profound unhappiness of "Rabbit" (Angst)rom - the protagonist's own name signifying his condition - despite his material prosperity and sexual opportunities, is indicative of the hollow nature of the "American dream".

From the Paper
"The late nineteenth century was a time of drastic change in the United States. The country was growing at an unprecedented rate, and the Industrial Revolution was sweeping the nation. This industrial revolution not only affected those working in the newly founded industries and those in the cities, but the revolution impacted the farmers as well. American farmers were, as a whole, dissatisfied with their state of affairs, and began an agrarian movement. The farmers' grievances were multifaceted, and generally had merit, though allegations of an organized conspiracy to thwart the farmers were unfounded. Further, the discontent of the farmers was displayed in the formation of an organized political movement, which never before existed to such a degree. "

Tags:american, farmers, history

Abstract
This paper examines how, in his volume, "Civilization and its Discontents", Sigmund Freud tackles no less than the broad and ambitious concept of man's place in the world. It discusses how Freud looks at culture from his unique psychoanalytical perspective and touches upon a number of important concepts, including aggression, civilization and the individual, organized religion, the death drive and Eros, and the super-ego and conscience. It also looks at how "Civilization and its Discontents" was written a mere decade before the great psychoanalyst's death and how it is, in many ways, an important compilation of many of his most renowned theories on the mind, human nature, and the structure of human society.

From the Paper
"Freud suggests that culture's repression of aggression may ultimately be more damaging than unrestrained aggression, man's natural state. Freud is generally pessimistic about man's ability to maintain civilized life indefinitely. He argues that man's ability to tame the aggressive instinct will determine his ability to live within the boundaries of civilization. However, he argues that man's recently gained ability to destroy each other through modern warfare creates less hope that man will be able to live peacefully. He notes, "Men have gained control over the forces of nature to such an extent that with their help they would have no difficulty in exterminating one another to the last man."

Tags:culture, society, psychoanalysis, civilization, ego

Abstract
This paper states that, in Sigmund Freud's "Civilization and Its Discontents", Freud contends that the feeling of spirituality or religion is the result of one's ego. The author, who plays the role of Socrates, uses the Socratic method to question Freud's arguments. The paper concludes by questioning how there could be sinfulness if Freud believes that religion is an illusion. The author, in the role of Socrates, relates that "sins" are concepts that religions have invented to make people feel guilty and go to church. The author concludes by analyzing each of the beatitudes of the "Sermon on the Mount" from this psychological position.

Table of Contents:
Socrates Responds to Sigmund Freud's "Civilization and Its Discontents"
Sigmund Freud on the Sermon on the Mount

From the Paper
"But let's move on to Beatitude number four: "Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness for they shall be filled." In my own research I have discovered that a desire for happiness in many hearts and minds is matched by a willingness to do good, to try to accomplish positive things for others. This satisfies the ego, and when the parents of a child instill in that child the values that are unselfish, that person while growing up will have a strong desire to be righteous."

Tags:traps ego, reality principle, frail rhetoric logic

Abstract
The paper is a critical review of Joseph Stiglitz's book "Globalization and Its Discontents" (2002). The text represents a critical overview of one of the most controversial and complex issues today: the increasing globalization of business in the form of financial and trading markets and the weaknesses of nation-states in this new economic paradigm. The paper explains what globalization means in practice. The main argument of the paper, however, is that the text is is flawed by the the fact that the author was one of the defining players of US economic policy during a critical period and cannot be unbiased.

From the Paper
"The object of this book review is Joseph Stiglitz' Globalization and its Discontents (2002). This text represents a critical overview of one of the most controversial and complex issues of our time: the increasing globalization of business in the form of financial and trading markets, and the weaknesses of nation states in this new economic paradigm. Given that this is a critical review, it will be argued that Stiglitz' text, for all of its valuable insights into the processes of globalization, is flawed in one key respect. Although the author presents a range of critiques of globalization that, as will be seen, are supported by other critics, the fact that he was one of the defining players of US economic policy during a critical period.."

Tags:business, globalization, international

Abstract
This paper discusses Freud's book "Civilization and its Discontents", which argues that civilization represses man's basic natural instincts. The paper examines Freud's theory on why violence emanates from the repression that is caused by the guilt of the human conscience.