Abstract
This essay explores the possibilities of the varying factors that might affect the probability of one disclosing personal information and thoughts to another.

From the Paper
"Not revealing personal information reduces the chances of others using that information against oneself but inevitably, people still reveal information about themselves on a day to day basis, especially to family and friends, and sometimes even strangers or acquaintances for various reasons. Derlega (1987) describes self-disclosure as the process of telling another person about oneself; honestly sharing thoughts and feelings that may be personal or private. To a large extent, having different personalities, gender and age does affect one's reason to self-disclose. However, this does not exclude the considerations that obligation may take the form of other situational factors, such as the studies by Gouldner in 1960, Bradac, Hosman, & Tardy in 1978 and Chaikin & Derlega, in 1974a (cf. Bradac, Hosman & Tardy, 1980), which show that if one were to disclose intimate information about oneself to another, the recipient is obliged to respond in a similar manner or they might run the risk of being negatively judged. Derlega and Grzelak (1979) offered a list of five different categories of possible purposes of self-disclosure, namely self-expression, self-clarification, social control, social validation and relationship development (cf. Prager, Fuller, & Gonzalez, 1989) which it will be discussed in relation to personality, gender and age factors in this essay."

Tags:behavior, extravert, extrovert, introvert, jung, personality, psychology, social, theories, theory

Abstract
This paper discusses environmental law and the issue of whether corporations should be excused from criminal penalties when they voluntarily disclose environmental crimes that have occurred as a result of the corporate operations, noting that the issue is raised in order to determine if it is better to get corporations to admit wrongdoing in order to bring about change and reduce the costs of enforcement or to insist on fines and punishment for the deterrent effect on other corporations.

From the Paper
"Should corporations be excused from criminal penalties when they voluntarily disclose environmental crimes that have occurred as a result of the corporate operations? The issue is raised in order to determine if it is better to get corporations to admit wrongdoing in order to bring about change and reduce the costs of enforcement or to insist on fines and punishment for the deterrent effect on other corporations. There are arguments that can be raised in both sides of the issue, some suggesting that society benefits from giving corporations a greater incentive to be open even about criminal behavior and that punishment does not accomplish the benefits desired without adding more costs to the process, and some stating that society benefits only when wrongdoing is punished so that enforcement of the law is even-handed and so further wrongdoing is deterred."

Tags:environmental, law, questions

Abstract
This paper uses statistical data to investigate the differences between the self-disclosing abilities of production managers of Fortune 100 and Fortune 1000 companies. Factors such as managerial experience, age, and gender are considered in the research investigation.

From the Paper
"The present study, requested by an outplacement employee service company (Calvin Sourcing), attempted to determine whether or not a difference existed in the ability of production managers, from fortune 1000 companies and fortune 100 companies, to effectively self-disclose (communicate) to some target person. The secondary purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which manager gender, age, and length of service influenced a person's ability to self-disclose. Self-disclosure has been deemed important in terms of new hire placement, corporate advancement, skill attainment, and employee motivation."

Tags:communicate, employee, supervisor, vendor, interactions, length, of, service, differences

Abstract
This paper discusses the laws regarding the employment of peoples that are HIV positive and how those laws impact their lives regarding medical care. In particular, the paper discusses the role that the health organizations, Medicare and Medicaid, have in providing care to people infected with HIV or AIDS. The paper concludes that Medicaid plays a critical role in the lives of individuals with HIV/AIDS and will continue to do so more as the population of individuals grows.

From the Paper
"There is no legal obligation to disclose HIV status to an employer unless it in some way affects the way job abilities are performed. The reason why is that HIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact at the workplace. There are exceptions to this rule, including professions such as surgeon or emergency room nurse, where someone could be exposed to your blood. The law does not require an employer to be sympathetic; disclosure can result in disappointment."

Tags:confidentiality, information, voluntarily, orally, disclosed, reasonable, accommodations, disabilities

Abstract
This paper discusses the United States environmental policy, Superfund, that was enacted on December 11, 1980 in response to the growing health concerns near Niagara Falls, NY. The paper provides a historical analysis of the EPA involvement in the New Jersey Ringwood Mines Superfund site, attempts to rectify the area, and the inability of the EPA to resolve an environmental issue still plaguing a community to this day.

Table of Contents:
Ringwood, NJ Site: Pre Ford Motor Company
The Ford Motor Company: The History of Their Involvement
Addition to the Superfund National Priorities List and Subsequent Re-Listing
The Affected Population: What's the Cause?
Wayne Mann, et al. v. Ford Motor Company: Class Action Lawsuit
Superfund: How It Got Here and Who Pays? (A Literary Analysis)
Ineffectiveness of the Environmental Protection Agency: A Case Study
Oversights and Errors during Initial Cleanup
Suggestions on Causes of Miscommunications and OIG Suggestions
Superfund's Uphill Battle
Research Concluded

From the Paper
"Next, the EPA determined that took their limited approach and searched only for visible paint sludge in their predetermined areas which did not take into account for sludge underneath the ground where it had been originally dumped into landfills and mine shafts. The agency had contacted Ford to find out which areas of the vast, 500 acre site were used for dumping of hazardous waste. After Ford told them that it was speculated to be around three different sites. the search for sludge was immediately narrowed down to these areas ..."

Tags:indian, hazardous waste, ford epa failure

Abstract
This paper ask us to reconsider the nature of history in general as well as to reexamine the particular places and times that they are writing about. It seeks to use substitute key theoretical concepts for the traditional chronological structure of history, asking us to consider not what came after what but who had power over whom, and how these social relationships are the causative elements of (each) history. The paper argues that all history is teleological; one is always writing it from what is at that moment the end-point of history and uses gender issues as an example of the hypothesis.

From the Paper
"Every piece of historical description actually describes for the reader two different sets of history. Each historical text discloses to the reader something of what happened during the era under discussion. But it also reveals at least as much about the era in which the history was written. What is considered significant enough to mention, what events are seen as causative rather than incidental, who are the true villains, all of these things may change from one generation's historical account to that of the next, and not because new facts have come to light."

Tags:history, perception, chronological, social, relationships, teleological, gender, issue, era

Abstract
This paper examines the extent to which interpersonal relationships evolve from initial interactions between women and, in particular, how these relationships flourish or are influenced by the number of partners and length of the partnership a woman shares with the object of her disclosure. More specifically, the paper looks at what impact, if any, the length of a relationship has on a woman's use of disclosure and whether the number of relationships a woman has had impacts her use of disclosure.

From the Paper
"In general, studies suggest that women have higher levels of self-disclosure than men. When women are observed in interpersonal intimate relationships, their use and level of self-disclosure may be expected to influence variable including their level of communication satisfaction and the number and length of interpersonal relationships they maintain. What exactly however, is the relationship between self-disclosure and the number of interpersonal intimate relationships women maintain?"

Tags:companionship, comfort, share, communication, interactions, interpersonal, intimate

Abstract
This paper discusses the accounting principle of full disclosure and explains that it calls for the financial reporting of significant facts affecting the judgment of an informed reader or stakeholder. The paper also discusses the companies who failed to properly disclose important company financial information on their financial statements, such as Enron and Xerox. In addition, the paper talks about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that has caused the full disclosure principle to become mandatory within the corporate world.

Outline:
Substantial Increase in Importance
Approval of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Consequences of Failing to Fully Disclose Financial Information

From the Paper
"Full disclosure in accounting has become very important after the debacles of big American companies who misinterpret financial statements, which has disrupted the trust of people in regard to proper practices of organizational full disclosure and accounting principles (Elliott, 2003). After the Enron fiasco, Corporate America has undergone another devastating setback by Xerox. The amounts involved in the scam are worth billions of dollars exhausting small savers and throwing out employees by the thousands. The whole burden of the Xerox epidemic has been seemingly placed on the accountability of the accounting profession, particularly the auditing function and treacherous executive practices. It is a stern accusation on the accounting profession as a whole."

Tags:audits, Sarbanes-Oxley, Act, financial, statements, Enron, Xerox

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that language is a complex symbiosis of verbal and nonverbal cues used to convey information within and across cultures. The writer then discusses that the needs for economy, for familiarity and for personal expression have together had the effect of enabling individuals to achieve a diversity of meanings and linguistic expressive tendencies within the context of a shared communication framework such as a language or dialect. Next, the writer presents an exploration of the way in which meanings and expressions may change when they are removed from the printed page. The writer concludes that factors such as context, the nature of the relationship between the conversant partners and general social conventions within a culture play a determinant role in the way that individuals choose both the information they disclose and the manner in which they disclose it.

From the Paper
"This speaks to our instinctual use and comprehension of words which are created by the processes of blending and clipping. Word economy is a common trait of informal linguistic communication and even the word choice more commonly used in the business setting today, where there is a high premium on conciseness but linguistic decisions that are simultaneously comprehensible to a common denominator of recipients.
"This suggests much about the way that we appear to almost naturally understand such words. Their adoption as a natural consequence of the desires inherent in the process of human communication illustrates that they are not necessarily spontaneously produced on a whim by one inflective user. Rather, we may more accurately understand that such terms are reflective of some inherent need within the language. Whether the need is to express a new range of ideas within the concise context of a single word, as seems often to motivate blending or to convey information about one's self by suggesting through word choice a certain loose, off-the-cuff informality, it is clear that there are both conscious and unconscious forces at play in our choice of word economy."

Tags:words, terms, understand, conversation

Abstract
This paper first relates that, years after his diagnosis, Johnson Aziga had unprotected sex with at least 13 women during which he not only failed to disclosed he was HIV positive but also, in at least one case, reassured the woman that he had received negative results on his test. Next, the author underscores that Canadian courts ruled that an individual cannot truly consent to sex if his/her partner, who is HIV-positive does not disclose this information; therefore, the death of the two women, with whom Aziga had sex, was regarded as murder as opposed to manslaughter. The paper defends the court's proceedings and verdict of murder despite the opposition of HIV activists.

From the Paper
"The case involving Johnson Aziga was absolutely the right thing to do. This situation goes far beyond passing along the virus unwittingly. He was in full knowledge of all the facts, his HIV status, the risks, how to proceed with caution, what to do, what not to do, and most important he had an indisputable responsibility to disclose the condition to sexual partners. Yet he blatantly ignored everything, and will absolute knowledge and willful actions, did not tell his partners, nor did he use protection. He even lied when asked about being tested. Seven of his partners became infected and two eventually died"

Tags:evidence, full disclosure, unprotected sex, defense misinformation