Abstract This essay explores the possibilities of the varying factors that might affect the probability of one disclosing personal information and thoughts to another.
From the Paper "Not revealing personal information reduces the chances of others using that information against oneself but inevitably, people still reveal information about themselves on a day to day basis, especially to family and friends, and sometimes even strangers or acquaintances for various reasons. Derlega (1987) describes self-disclosure as the process of telling another person about oneself; honestly sharing thoughts and feelings that may be personal or private. To a large extent, having different personalities, gender and age does affect one's reason to self-disclose. However, this does not exclude the considerations that obligation may take the form of other situational factors, such as the studies by Gouldner in 1960, Bradac, Hosman, & Tardy in 1978 and Chaikin & Derlega, in 1974a (cf. Bradac, Hosman & Tardy, 1980), which show that if one were to disclose intimate information about oneself to another, the recipient is obliged to respond in a similar manner or they might run the risk of being negatively judged. Derlega and Grzelak (1979) offered a list of five different categories of possible purposes of self-disclosure, namely self-expression, self-clarification, social control, social validation and relationship development (cf. Prager, Fuller, & Gonzalez, 1989) which it will be discussed in relation to personality, gender and age factors in this essay."
Abstract This paper uses statistical data to investigate the differences between the self-disclosing abilities of production managers of Fortune 100 and Fortune 1000 companies. Factors such as managerial experience, age, and gender are considered in the research investigation.
From the Paper "The present study, requested by an outplacement employee service company (Calvin Sourcing), attempted to determine whether or not a difference existed in the ability of production managers, from fortune 1000 companies and fortune 100 companies, to effectively self-disclose (communicate) to some target person. The secondary purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which manager gender, age, and length of service influenced a person's ability to self-disclose. Self-disclosure has been deemed important in terms of new hire placement, corporate advancement, skill attainment, and employee motivation."
Abstract This paper discusses the laws regarding the employment of peoples that are HIV positive and how those laws impact their lives regarding medical care. In particular, the paper discusses the role that the health organizations, Medicare and Medicaid, have in providing care to people infected with HIV or AIDS. The paper concludes that Medicaid plays a critical role in the lives of individuals with HIV/AIDS and will continue to do so more as the population of individuals grows.
From the Paper "There is no legal obligation to disclose HIV status to an employer unless it in some way affects the way job abilities are performed. The reason why is that HIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact at the workplace. There are exceptions to this rule, including professions such as surgeon or emergency room nurse, where someone could be exposed to your blood. The law does not require an employer to be sympathetic; disclosure can result in disappointment."
A look at whether corporations should be excused from criminal penalties when they voluntarily disclose environmental crimes that have occurred as a result of their corporate operations.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, 2006, $ 71.95
Abstract This paper discusses environmental law and the issue of whether corporations should be excused from criminal penalties when they voluntarily disclose environmental crimes that have occurred as a result of the corporate operations, noting that the issue is raised in order to determine if it is better to get corporations to admit wrongdoing in order to bring about change and reduce the costs of enforcement or to insist on fines and punishment for the deterrent effect on other corporations.
From the Paper "Should corporations be excused from criminal penalties when they voluntarily disclose environmental crimes that have occurred as a result of the corporate operations? The issue is raised in order to determine if it is better to get corporations to admit wrongdoing in order to bring about change and reduce the costs of enforcement or to insist on fines and punishment for the deterrent effect on other corporations. There are arguments that can be raised in both sides of the issue, some suggesting that society benefits from giving corporations a greater incentive to be open even about criminal behavior and that punishment does not accomplish the benefits desired without adding more costs to the process, and some stating that society benefits only when wrongdoing is punished so that enforcement of the law is even-handed and so further wrongdoing is deterred."
Abstract This paper examines how Martin Heidegger, in "Being and Time", examines the existential structures with which Dasein (being) interacts in order to reveal their unification as a structural whole. The paper points out that the phenomenon of 'care' underlies the structural totality of Dasein's being-in-the-world as the fundamental interpretation of itself, through which it is disclosed as being-ahead-of-itself. Furthermore, the state-of-mind of anxiety discloses Dasein's turning away from itself in its 'fallenness' into the world, only to turn back toward itself to realize the possibility of authentic being, as opposed to the inauthentic being provided by the everyday interpretation of Dasein. The primordial interpretation of Dasein's being as care allows the primary differentiation of possibilities, which are enacted through a care structure that both underlies and inhabits existence, facticity and 'fallenness'. The paper concludes that these existential structures are unified through the care structure to delimit an essential definition of the basic state of that entity to which Being is an issue.
From the Paper "The phenomenon of 'care' underlies the structural totality of Dasein's Being-in-the-world as the fundamental interpretation of itself, through which it is disclosed as being-ahead-of-itself. Martin Heidegger, in Being and Time, examines the existential structures that Dasein, as that entity to which its Being is an issue, interacts with to reveal their unification as a structural whole, within which Dasein manifests as a Being-possible. The state-of-mind of anxiety discloses Dasein's turning away from itself in its 'fallenness' into the world, only to turn back toward itself to realize the possibility of authentic Being, as opposed to the inauthentic Being provided by the everyday interpretation of Dasein. The actualization of any possibilities requires that Dasein exist ahead-of-itself in projecting its Being into those possibilities. The primordial interpretation of Dasein's Being as care allows the primary differentiation of possibilities, which are enacted through a care structure that both underlies and inhabits existence, facticity and 'fallenness'. These existential structures are unified through the care structure to delimit an essential definition of the basic state of that entity to which Being is an issue."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that language is a complex symbiosis of verbal and nonverbal cues used to convey information within and across cultures. The writer then discusses that the needs for economy, for familiarity and for personal expression have together had the effect of enabling individuals to achieve a diversity of meanings and linguistic expressive tendencies within the context of a shared communication framework such as a language or dialect. Next, the writer presents an exploration of the way in which meanings and expressions may change when they are removed from the printed page. The writer concludes that factors such as context, the nature of the relationship between the conversant partners and general social conventions within a culture play a determinant role in the way that individuals choose both the information they disclose and the manner in which they disclose it.
From the Paper "This speaks to our instinctual use and comprehension of words which are created by the processes of blending and clipping. Word economy is a common trait of informal linguistic communication and even the word choice more commonly used in the business setting today, where there is a high premium on conciseness but linguistic decisions that are simultaneously comprehensible to a common denominator of recipients.
"This suggests much about the way that we appear to almost naturally understand such words. Their adoption as a natural consequence of the desires inherent in the process of human communication illustrates that they are not necessarily spontaneously produced on a whim by one inflective user. Rather, we may more accurately understand that such terms are reflective of some inherent need within the language. Whether the need is to express a new range of ideas within the concise context of a single word, as seems often to motivate blending or to convey information about one's self by suggesting through word choice a certain loose, off-the-cuff informality, it is clear that there are both conscious and unconscious forces at play in our choice of word economy."
Abstract This paper discusses the accounting principle of full disclosure and explains that it calls for the financial reporting of significant facts affecting the judgment of an informed reader or stakeholder. The paper also discusses the companies who failed to properly disclose important company financial information on their financial statements, such as Enron and Xerox. In addition, the paper talks about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that has caused the full disclosure principle to become mandatory within the corporate world.
Outline:
Substantial Increase in Importance
Approval of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Consequences of Failing to Fully Disclose Financial Information
From the Paper "Full disclosure in accounting has become very important after the debacles of big American companies who misinterpret financial statements, which has disrupted the trust of people in regard to proper practices of organizational full disclosure and accounting principles (Elliott, 2003). After the Enron fiasco, Corporate America has undergone another devastating setback by Xerox. The amounts involved in the scam are worth billions of dollars exhausting small savers and throwing out employees by the thousands. The whole burden of the Xerox epidemic has been seemingly placed on the accountability of the accounting profession, particularly the auditing function and treacherous executive practices. It is a stern accusation on the accounting profession as a whole."
Abstract In depth analysis of Proposition 34, which attempts to limit and disclose on campaign spending and contributions including. The author discusses how it was brought into the election, how long and why people have been fighting for it, as well as the pros and cons of the California proposition. Includes excellent examples with supportive quotes.
From the Paper "This year's election includes the controversial issue of Proposition 34, limits and disclosures on campaign spending and contributions. Currently, there is no limit on campaign contributions and spending in California. Proposition 208, initiating strict limits on campaign contributions and spending, was passed by voters in 1996, but was not put into effect because legal issues tied it up in court (the proposition was challenged on the grounds that its limits were unreasonably low compared to the cost of running for office in California). Proposition 34 attempts to accomplish what Proposition 208 of 1996 could not. As did Proposition 208, it intends to limit campaign contributions and loans to state candidates and political parties, but to higher levels than what Proposition 208 designated. It also attempts to provide voluntary spending limits, expand public disclosure requirements and increase penalties."
Tags: government, vote, law, campaign, contibution, spending, republican, democrat, party
Abstract This paper analyzes the Ancient Greek play of" Lysistrata" and compares it to modern artistic productions. The claim is that this play addressed very contemporary issues. A summary of the play is provided, the characters are analyzed and a historical description of Ancient Greek artistic trends are described.
From the paper:
"Lysistrata is both the name of a woman and the name of one of the most famous comedies of ancient Greece. The name of Lysistrata has become a watchword for feminists and pacifists alike, for reasons a brief synopsis of the play will shortly disclose. Yet this paper will contend that rather than being an pre-modern, non-musical version of the popular musical "Hair" for ancient Athens, where common societal sexual and military mores are brushed away, "Lysistrata bears" far more resemblance to a kind of classical version of ?I Love Lucy.? In the play ?Lysistrata,? clever yet silly women try to twist their husbands around their little fingers to achieve their ends, to great comic effect, perhaps, but not in any fashion that permanently undoes the social mores of the time in a real and lasting fashion."
Abstract This paper ask us to reconsider the nature of history in general as well as to reexamine the particular places and times that they are writing about. It seeks to use substitute key theoretical concepts for the traditional chronological structure of history, asking us to consider not what came after what but who had power over whom, and how these social relationships are the causative elements of (each) history. The paper argues that all history is teleological; one is always writing it from what is at that moment the end-point of history and uses gender issues as an example of the hypothesis.
From the Paper "Every piece of historical description actually describes for the reader two different sets of history. Each historical text discloses to the reader something of what happened during the era under discussion. But it also reveals at least as much about the era in which the history was written. What is considered significant enough to mention, what events are seen as causative rather than incidental, who are the true villains ? all of these things may change from one generation's historical account to that of the next, and not because new facts have come to light."
Tags: history, perception, chronological, social, relationships, teleological, gender, issue, era
Abstract This paper describes undisclosed bottled water contamination in America. The paper reports that most of the bottled water is not frequently checked, and that a small percent of it is unsafe for the public. It illustrates how the American public has been advertised into perceiving that bottled water is pure and clean. The author calls for the labeling of bottled water to disclosing the water source, treatments and other key information.
From the Paper "According to a four-year scientific study made recently public by Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) stated that the sales of bottled water in the United States have been blown up in recent years, mainly as a result of a public awareness of purity driven by advertisements and packaging labels featuring unspoiled glaciers and crystal-clear mountain springs. However, bottled water sold in the United States does not necessarily cleaner or safer than most tap water (NRDC)."
This paper presents a hypothetical case study regarding the ethics of disclosing to at-risk individuals the possibility of acquiring AIDS-related virus.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, 1991, $ 47.95
From the Paper "This paper discusses the issues of bioethics as they relate to a specific case--that of an East Coast businessman, W.E., who discovers that he is HIV-positive but who refuses to disclose this information to his wife. The doctor who makes the diagnosis is in San Francisco, but he feels obligated to notify W.E.'s hometown doctor and to tell this physician that he should inform W.E.'s wife (W.E.'s doctor is not her personal physician).
At least three major issues are raised by this scenario: the San Francisco physician's disclosure of information to a family doctor without the permission of the patient; the patient's obligation to his wife and children, who might need treatment; and the family physician's responsibility--is he supposed to protect patient confidentiality and not tell the ... "
Abstract This paper discusses the ethics of government secrecy in the Bush Administration. The paper discusses the Freedom of Information Act, the post-911 immigration detainees, government withholding information from the public post-911, and Cheney's refusal to disclose the names of those in his energy task force. The paper puts these actions into an ethical context by quoting Machiavelli and Hobbes.
From the Paper "United Nations analyst Ian Thomas tried to get a thirty-year old map of Africa from the National Archives in March 2002 in order to plan a relief mission. He could not get the maps because the United States government no longer makes them public. An environmentalist, John Coequyt, was denied access to an online database of listings of chemical plants that violate pollution laws from the Environmental Protection Agency. Kate Martin, a civil rights lawyer, asked for a court order the names of the foreigners detained since the September 11th terrorist attacks and was told by the Justice Department that that information was secret."
Abstract This paper examines how findings from studies to examine anti-gay violence and harassment on community college campuses indicate that these problems are far more than isolated incidents. It evaluates how the best way to decrease harassment and violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) students, it to combat the way college students view these individuals. It proposes the establishment of a network of advisors that LGBT students can turn to when they are victims of harassment or crime. It analyzes the opinion that the best way to foster acceptance of LGBT students is through direct contact which contributes to positive attitudes towards sexual diversity. It evaluates how the goal is to make LGBT students feel safe enough in their educational environment to be able to disclose their sexual orientation so that other students can be aware of their frequent interactions with LGBT students.
From the Paper "The major risk involved with the LGBT victim's network is that students will still be too afraid of retribution to report incidences of harassment and violence. The goal of the LGBT victim's network is to reduce these fears and to convince them that the best way to stop such behavior from happening again is to report it. It is hoped that the support of a formal network will provide students with the support they need to move forward with their allegations so that justice can be served. And, there's the issue on how to respond if a LGBT victim is further victimized after reporting in incident. There's little that the LGBT can do to stop a perpetrator from causing even more damage. However, the network can help the victim document the incidents in hopes of obtaining a restraining order or dismissal of the individual from the university."
This paper is an ethical analysis of the role of the doctor and of the nurse in disclosing unexpected information that is made available because of new technologies.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, 2002, $ 44.95
Abstract This paper begins with a hypothetical scenario that involves new technologies in genetics and unanticipated information regarding organ donors amongst family members. The author argues that health practitioners are not ethically obligated to reveal sensitive information that comes about in the scenario provided. .
