Abstract This paper begins with a discussion on the etymology of the word discipline and its definition. It continues to highlight different methods of discipline and offers examples to qualify points made. In conclusion, the author summarizes the paper and offers a personal opinion on discipline and child rearing.
Table of Contents:
A Brief History of Child Discipline Punishment Corporal Punishment Deprivation
Positive Reinforcement
Summary
Works Cited
From the Paper "The views of children have changed drastically throughout history. We've gone from viewing children as little adults until just recently, understanding the developmental necessity that discipline serves. In the past, discipline was seen as means to control and mold children into obedient and socially successful women, who in turn become good wives and mothers. Little boys were raised to be strong, masculine, and intelligent leaders and protectors. Men were expected to become professionals typically in the same line of work as their fathers and bring home enough money to support the family. While similar goals exist today, there is more equality among the goal and expectations of men and women. Discipline is now aimed at raising socially, emotionally, and professionally intelligent individuals with more opportunity than before. Corporal punishment or spankings were popular in the past."
Abstract This paper examines how, from the time schools came into being, they have been ensuring discipline. It also shows how educational literature puts discipline in a variety of diverse theoretical schemes, from a basic necessity of every educational function to the most important mission of education. Through a literature review, it discusses whether ?discipline? should be handling how to avert bad behavior or punishing it and how several behavioral and security protections can be obtained to support an optimistic school environment and an organized school discipline.
From the Paper "Students have to be imparted the appropriateness of conduct, school and classroom regulation and how to abide by them. Evidently this will be looked into in a varied manner, contingent on the age or grade standards of the students. Kids who are lower than the fourth grade need a great amount of directive and observance of classroom rules and procedures. Effectual management, particularly in the earlier grades, is more instructional instead of a disciplinary venture. Efficient managers, entertain their students to the student responsibility by instruction and modeling. It is pertinent that these teachers are regular in expressing demands and scrutinizing compliance, but the most vital matter is to ensure that students understand what is to be done primarily."
Abstract This paper looks at how spanking is a practice that is so widely accepted in American culture. It discusses how, although many argue that this type of punishment has been effective ever since the "good old days" where kids learned forcefully how to behave, there is a plethora of evidence that shows emphatically that corporal punishment never was, is, or will be an effective means of discipline. The paper also looks at how various credible studies and researchers have concluded that corporal punishment causes many undesirable and negative effects on children such as antisocial and violent behavior and how consequently, numerous cases have proven that reducing this type of punishment has measurable benefits.
From the Paper "Most research concludes that spanking does result in immediate compliance, but according to Jordan Riak, author and founder of the nonprofit organization, Parents and Teachers Against Violence in Education, "today one finds no support for spanking in the research and writing of acknowledged leaders in the behavioral sciences"(Riak 2). On the contrary, studies prove the cumulative negative affects corporal punishment has on children. These negative consequences include (but are not limited to) harm to cognitive ability and development, antisocial and violent behavior, potential for future abusive behavior during adulthood, bodily harm and injury, sexual development problems, emotional distress, and can even be a gateway to more abusive means of discipline. "
Abstract In this article the writer examines the issue of corporal punishment as it is used in classroom management. The writer notes that this is a concern that has plagued educators for some time because there are many different beliefs about it and there are many different suggestions about how it should be undertaken, or whether it should be undertaken at all. In this thesis, the issue is thoroughly discussed and analyzed in order to better understand why it is so important for the future of the student population in this country - and for the educators as well. The writer concludes that it is easy to determine that positive reinforcement definitely has an impact on children, as does corporal punishment. Some still believe that positive reinforcement is not as effective as negative reinforcement or punishment but the school of thought currently in session appears to indicate that positive reinforcement does indeed provide a much stronger feeling of self-worth and self-discipline for students than negative reinforcement does for the largest majority of students overall.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Question
Significance of the Study
Review of Literature
Methods
Analysis of Data
Results
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper "When examining the reasons that corporal punishment seems to be such a topic of interest to so many in the education field today, there are many different concerns and many ways to look at the issue. However, it seems clear to most people that something different should be done. As it turns out, however, there are reasons why some individuals believe that stopping corporal punishment and utilizing other methods such as positive reinforcement is not really the answer. Despite this, there are many that believe positive reinforcement is the best way to deal with discipline issues in school children."
"The belief of many is that educators are not doing enough for students and this is true of administration and other educators as well as teachers. These educators should serve the students and the public, and one of the ways to do this is to set guidelines for punishment and positive reinforcement as the first line of defense in dealing with discipline problems in children. Learning how to have discipline at a young age is very important for proper societal functioning later in life, and due to this it is something that is becoming more of a concern than it has been in the past."
Tags: reinforcement, teacher, discipline, study, school
Abstract This paper researches the effect of assertive discipline on social relationships in the classroom. The paper analyzes what assertive discipline is and how it works in a classroom environment, including steps for implementation. It then reviews the literature with regard to how effective this form of discipline is and how it affects the classroom dynamics.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One
Introduction
Objective
Introduction
Research Question
Rationale
Study Approach
Chapter Two
Review of the Literature
Catching Students Being Good
Assertive Discipline is a Behavioral Approach
Three Competencies of Assertive Discipline Six Tasks of Assertive Discipline in the Classroom
Application of Assertive Discipline Approach
Key Ideas behind Assertive Discipline Characteristics of the Assertive Discipline Model
Implementation of the Assertive Discipline Model
Benefits of the Assertive Discipline Approach
Logical Consequences
Ascending & Increasing Level of Consequences for Each Problem Behavior
Review of the Literature Reviewed
From the Paper "The teacher should always when speaking do so in a firm tone of voice and make eye contact with students, being responsive to appropriate behavior exhibited by students. Assertive Discipline is not difficult to implement and is effectively on a general basis. Assertive Discipline provides students who are misbehaving with the right type of attention for exhibiting good behavior. Parents are involved and through cooperation in discipline techniques, unproductive behaviors have been shown to lessen. Critics of the Assertive Discipline approach hold that children should be taught to follow rules simply because it is the right thing to do and further that the techniques of Assertive Discipline are forms of control that do not encourage critical thinking in the child and interferes with the child in development of self-reliance."
Abstract This essay examines how certain programs can reduce specific discipline problems and how teachers can uphold an effective class environment. One of the optimal ways of dissuading bullying and disruptive behavior in the classroom, according to the paper, is to encourage more pro-social behavior among students, according to a study examined in the paper. Other evidence from research supports that positive re-enforcement for good behavior is more effective than punishing undesirable behavior.
From the Paper "Reinforcement is important for the learning process, but in many classrooms there are discipline problems and the teacher must be prepared to deal with this type of behavior before it becomes a threat to student learning goals. A student talking or being disruptive, such as a student interrupting class activities over and over again, is disrupting the rest of the class, because every time the student does this, everyone else in the class looks up from their work and talks to each other. "
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of school discipline. The paper examines the effect and effectiveness of punishment in schools, cites outcomes of punitive approaches that worsen the situation rather than improve it and suggests that appropriate changes to the school environment are more effective.
From the Paper "In response to the severity and prevalence of disciplinary problems, many schools have opted to adopt punishment-based disciplinary approaches such as the zero tolerance policy. Although such disciplinary approaches have become widely practiced, the position set forth in this paper is that punitive approaches may not only fail to produce the appropriate outcomes, but also worsen the situation. Rather, to eliminate the disciplinary problems, positive discipline strategies that are based..."
Abstract This paper discusses child discipline and the effect of parenting styles on behavioral outcomes. The paper explores the role of the family as the primary socializing factor and fundamental social unit in the development of behavior and personality. Specific issues include the developing of self-esteem, reinforcement techniques and positive and negative types of discipline, including spanking.
From the Paper "The family is the primary socializing factor and fundamental social unit in the development of one's behavior and personality, imposing a roles and expectations based..."
Abstract This paper analyzes the classroom discipline system that was developed in 1976 by Lee and Marlene Canter, assertive discipline. The paper discusses the approach of assertive discipline and how the use of the assertive discipline program allows for the easy use of strategies that are practical for successful behavior management in the classroom when used by a teacher who works at building personal and trusting relationships with students.
From the Paper "In addition, some things that will be helpful if you begin to use the Assertive Discipline approach would be to speak in a firm tone of voice, make eye contact with students, and be responsive to students when the proper behavior is exhibited. Assertive Discipline does not seem to be a difficult plan to implement and studies show that it is effective in classrooms for students with special needs and behavioral problems. Consistently giving the students the opportunity to think logically about what the results of their actions would be, should they choose to engage in a behavior that is not appropriate, will only increase the likelihood that they will develop into self-reliant adults."
This is a persuasive essay to move parents away from spanking their children and giving them a look at many different alternative methods to disciplining their children.
Abstract This essay takes a look at the physical and emotional consequences of spanking a child. It examines the short-term and long-term effects as well as the harm caused to parents. This essay also examines many alternative methods to disciplining a child.
From the Paper "Many parents occasionally lose their patience or, in anger or fear, may spank their youngster. For instance, if a child runs out into the street, a parent may sweep the child up and, in a moment of anxiety for the child's well-being, spank her to emphasize the parent's sense of urgency or worry. Spanking may relieve a parent's frustration for the moment and extinguish the undesirable behavior for a brief time. But it is the least effective way to discipline. It is harmful emotionally to both parent and child. Not only can it result in physical harm, but it teaches children that violence is an acceptable way to discipline or express anger. While stopping the behavior temporarily, it does not teach alternative behavior. It also interferes with the development of trust, a sense of security, and effective communication. (Spanking often becomes the method of communication.) It also may cause emotional pain and resentment."
Abstract Over the past two decades, parental use of physical punishment has become an increasingly controversial practice. The paper explains that the controversy has been further fueled by a growing body of evidence that suggests that physical punishment is associated with a number of negative developmental consequences for children, including higher levels of aggression, poorer mental health, lower levels of moral internalization, impaired parent-child relationships, and higher risk of abuse of the child. This paper provides an overview of the issues involved in spanking children as a means of punishment and instilling a sense of self-control, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper "The proper objectives of a system of punishment administered by the state have been the subject of debate among philosophers, educators, lawyers, and legislators for centuries. A variety of different theories or objectives of punishment have been proposed, some differing only in minor ways depending on the age of the child involved. The research into how toddlers develop self-control indicates that most children exhibit the ability to control their behavior after age one year (Dworetzky), which becomes more refined after age six years. In his novel, Waldon Two, B. F. Skinner described a utopian society which was built on psychological principles. One of these principles involved a method by which children were taught to delay immediate gratification in favor of long-term advantage. According to Skinner, children would be able to "generalize this ability to new situations" (Dworetzky, 1990, p. 119). The world of young children is not quite this utopian, however, and practically all parents and teachers experience situations in which children exhibit little or no self-control. However, by applying some alternatives techniques, parents, teachers and other caregivers can help provide appropriate role models for behavior and communicate appropriate models of behavior to children as young as one year old without the need to resort to corporal punishment."
Abstract This paper discusses the issues for and against corporal punishment of children in schools. It identifies the problem and looks at spanking as a method of disciplining the child and the arguments for and against spanking. The paper suggests alternatives to corporal punishment.
Abstract This paper compares the use of negative punishment to positive reinforcement. The authors examine some of the human and animal experiments, which have tested the various theories of punishment and reinforcement.
From the Paper "Punishment from the behaviorist perspective can be defined as a reduction in the rate of a response after presentation of a stimulus immediately following that response. O'Donnell and Crosbie, social psychologists including ..."
Abstract This paper evaluates the issue of corporal punishment or for the purpose of the paper, spanking and slapping and attempts to evaluate whether or not it is true that corporal punishment is harmful to children not only from a moral or ethical point of view but also from a purely pragmatic one. It examines attitudes between different cultural and socioeconomic groups as well as the attitude of the medical profession through analysis of surveys. It also discusses the issue of whether children spanked as a child more likely to spank their own children.
From the Paper "Many people ? those who are opponents of all forms of corporal punishment ? believe that even such relatively mild forms of physical punishment as spanking are in fact forms of child abuse. The strongest opponents of corporal punishment consider the use of physical force to be not only morally wrong but also counterproductive. Opponents of corporal punishment tend to believe that spanking and other forms of physical punishment make children more aggressive as well as less well adjusted socially ? conditions that tend to exacerbate whatever behavior it was that prompted the spanking or slapping to begin with. This means that this unwanted behavior is likely to reoccur in an even more exaggerated form and be even harder to stop."
Abstract The paper reviews the modern transition from a society where spanking was the norm to one where it has little acceptance. The paper cites several arguments both for and against spanking. It continues to list several alternative methodologies for child-rearing, including democratic parenting. The paper concludes that avoiding physical discipline will best lead to "healthy, normal, well-mannered children who learn respect at an early age and never forget it."
From the Paper "Spanking these days is grounds for having your children taken away. It has happened, and continues to happen, when a child complains in school (and the teacher or school nurse see some bruising) or when concerned neighbors see or hear a child being spanked. It is, as the library correctly states it, corporal punishment. And child welfare agencies now take a very dim view of even the slightest hint of spanking as a means of hurting the child."
