Abstract This paper explains that Barbara Kruger and the Guerrilla Girls have taken traditional methods of art application and placed them within the normative modes of advertising methods. The author points out that inter-disciplinary arts, which are more than just an art technique, has become a public forum for feminist issues. The paper relates that, by opening the doors to the way that art is perceived, both Kruger and the Guerrilla Girls have taken art out of the traditional confines of museums and art houses and into modern media formats.
From the Paper "This art analysis presents an inter-disciplinary study of the art and advertising methods of Barbara Kruger and the Guerrilla Girls. By taking various examples of advertising billboards, magazine ads and other forms of art used within the modern media, an inter-disciplinary mode of art is created through the work of these artists. Through the study of the work of both Barbara Kruger and the Guerrilla Girls, one can realize the feminism and cultural impact of mixed mediums within modern inter-disciplinary art."
Abstract In his book "Discipline and Punish", Michel Foucault analyses the rise of a new type of disciplinary power, one linked to knowledge, techniques of surveillance, and the production of 'truth'. This paper looks at Foucault's analysis of the 'technological take-off in the productivity of power' and how he saw power as utilising the 'techniques' of the production of truth, knowledge, and surveillance. It also covers the idea of power acting through the subjectification of individuals. Finally, it attempts to analyse Foucault's framework for understanding culture, and the extent to which it is useful for this purpose.
From the Paper "To understand how Foucault uses the idea of knowledge as power, it is perhaps most useful for us to first look at how truth is produced, i.e. how 'regimes of truth' came about, and how these are used to legitimise knowledge in order for knowledge to have status and thus be used in power relations. For the production of truth both makes claim to power and sustains and justifies it. Foucault questions the absolute truth of knowledge and sees truth as being something constructed to impose ideas of what is right and true (Fillingham 1993:5-7). "
Tags: abnormal, deviant, knowledge, objectification, panopticism, panopticon, subjectification, surveillance, truth
Abstract This is a case study concerning the effects of educational system policies and punishment practices on minority students at-risk for becoming delinquent. It has been shown that discipline too severely administered such as that of suspension and expulsion may lead to delinquency in some students. According to surveys, the No Child Left Behind Act reports that poor response to minority students comprise the experience by those minority students and once suspended they have no where to turn except to life in the streets. The consequences of the schools inability to effectively administer discipline to minority students either through intervention or disciplinary procedures are the focus of the case study. Due to time limitations the method of research is limited to research of available literature.
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Methodology
Purpose of the Study
Theoretical Base
Operational Definitions of the Study
Literature Review
Case Study Research
Data Collection in Canadian Case Study
Evaluating Case Study Research
Economic Systems
Conclusion
From the Paper "According to surveys administered in relation to minority students and the effectiveness of discipline, there is much to be lacked in this area. Poor methods of administering discipline is resulting in minority students who are expelled being left in the streets and turning to the lifestyle of the streets in order to attempt survival. There is some specific element or bit of vital knowledge that is lacking and which is crucial in gaining knowledge of in relation to the methods that is being used by schools in the meting out of punishment and discipline to minority students. In the majority of studies recently performed in relation to poor academics and poor behavior the concentration has been on standardized test scores instead of the real issue of excessive punishment being administered. The fact that these students have difficulty comprehending and functioning in the classroom is clear enough evidence that something more than draconian discipline methods need to be considered. Delinquency is more prevalent among minorities. Bowman (2001) Casella (2003) found that the escalation of delinquency occurs when school experiences are of a negative nature particularly during the junior high school and high school years."
Abstract This paper takes a look at possible reforms to improve attorney disciplinary procedures. The paper points out that the American Bar Association has a code of professional responsibility by which attorneys must abide. Some of the general principles this code addresses are individual justice, distributive justice, truthfulness, and trust worthiness. The paper concludes that actively becoming aware of unethical procedures in law, along with participation of the public in the awareness, can help resolve some of the problems.
From the Paper "One particular unethical conduct that states bars will not tolerate include lawyers who do not pay child support. In the Atlanta Journal Constitution it was reported in May of 2005 an attorney was ordered to pay $29,100 in monthly child support. This case marked the highest child support judgment ever issued to date for Georgia (Cook). Under OCGA 1968-28 the lawyer's license to practice law can be suspended. Once the attorney has met requirements of Bar Rule 1-209, their suspension will be revoked (Unknown 1). In this particular case, the attorney had "estimated stakes in his law firm to be worth over $20 million" and the courts made sure he paid every penny of child support to his children."
This paper, written in the style of a legal memorandum, discusses the problem of civil disobedience as it relates to the Oregon Supreme Court case of Huffman & Wright Logging Co. vs. Wade.
Abstract This paper explains that the Oregon Supreme Court lately endorsed a disciplinary damage verdict for trespass stemming from an ecological remonstration. The author points out that, even though the law, at present, authorizes disciplinary indemnity for trespass, this memorandum makes a case that an instruction, which permits the adjudicators to reflect on reasons and viewpoints in measuring disciplinary damages for civil disobedience, breaches both the United States and Oregon Constitutions. The paper concludes that a jury instruction, which permits defendants' motivations to be a factor in measuring disciplinary damages for civil disobedience, is impermissible under both constitutional necessities; furthermore, the First Amendment is suppose to be interpreted to offer respite for civil disobedience and disciplinary damages and ought not to be allowed in this area.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Summary of the Case
Questions Presented
Short Answer
Discussion
From the Paper "The defendants did not dispute the criminal guilty verdict, and they accepted legal responsibility for compensatory damages in the civil suit. On the other hand, they made a case that awarding disciplinary damages would infringe their right to free expression as assured by the Oregon Constitution, as well as, the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution. Defendants made a case that all of their behaviors were expressive, and citing Wheeler v. Green, claimed that the Oregon Constitution restricts recovery for torts reasoned by "misuse of speech" to compensatory damages, as well as, prevent any verdict of disciplinary damages. For the reason that the defendants considered all of their behavior as expressive and consequently protected from disciplinary damages, they did not demand a jury instruction to bound the evaluation of disciplinary damages to the non-expressive feature of the conduct. The jury instruction actually given was founded on Oregon Uniform Civil Jury Instruction (UCJI) 35.01. The court ordered the adjudicators that they could verdict disciplinary damages if defendants' behavior was motiveless and reasoned damage to petitioner, consecutively not only to penalize defendants but also to discourage parallel behavior by them and others in the future."
Abstract The paper discusses how in today's classroom, the disciplinary needs extend beyond what a classroom teacher can provide. The paper shows how the principal must also play a proactive role in school discipline. The paper then discusses how this includes developing and implementing a disciplinary strategy, enforcing the school's discipline protocols and serving as a resource and educator to individual classroom teachers.
Outline:
Introduction
The Need for Administrative Disciplinary Support
From the Paper "One of the major areas of obscurity in educational leadership is the role of the administrator as a provider of classroom support to the individual teachers. Often times schools establish a line between classroom teacher and school administrator that allows for no overlap of their roles. However, the reality of the school environment makes such divisions absurd, as in order for a school to function effectively and efficiently, there needs to be cooperation between the administrative level and the classroom teacher. Nowhere is this more clear than in the area of classroom, or school, discipline."
Abstract This paper examines and outlines a plan of action that will reduce the amount of disciplinary referrals that arrive on a daily basis in the Assistant Principal's Office at Southeast Elementary by a benchmark of 10%, or a reduction of 126 visits during the course of a year. Southeast Elementary School is located in the City of Valdosta, in the Lowndes District of Georgia, USA. It looks at how a reduction in the number of disciplinary referrals will mean that efforts of teachers and administrators can be aimed at more proactive areas, such as prevention and education.
Outline
Chapter One - Introduction and Background Data
Introduction
Problem Statement
Research Questions
Background Data
Summary
Chapter Two- Focus of the Applied Dissertation
Current Situation
Proposed Solution
Areas of Inquiry
Summary
Chapter Three - Literature Review
Introduction
Classroom Management and Discipline
Parental Guidance
Total School Discipline
Educator Approaches to Best Practices
Effective Strategies
Summary
Chapter Four - Research Methodology
Approach
The Evaluation Design
Objectives
Terminal Objective
Process Objectives
The Condition for Change
Summary
Chapter Five - Results
Overview
Methodology
Findings and Results
References
From the Paper "An alternative school exists within the school system, and provides the student with a removed setting within the school for a period of up to 10 days. However, space for additional students in the alternative school is limited to 3 at any given time. Home suspensions are allowed for up to ten days. However, this is often the preferred method of discipline by students, as it is perceived as a sanctioned vacation. Here, the student will certainly fall behind with respect to the schoolwork. In most cases, these are remedies of last resort. The more typical scenario is that the Assistant Principal reprimands the student and sends him or her back to the classroom, often in cases where the student may deserve a much harsher punishment."
Abstract This paper explains that the management of employee competency is more critical in the current environment of mergers, acquisitions and downsizing because competent employees are an effective resource. The author points out that any need for a disciplinary action of an employee is a failure of the way in which HR hires and utilizes their employees because incompetence is expensive. The paper relates that to analyze this incompetence the HR managers must evaluate (1) the explanation and enforcement of the rules, (2) the issue of employee diversity, (3) the criteria and methods of employee selection and (4) the disciplinary action itself.
From the Paper "Our first assumption is that global unemployment which "now has reached its highest level since the great depression of the 1930s" gives us a greater pool of potential employees and that we can thus be more selective. Our task in hiring the "right" employees is to eliminate their skepticism and their fear of being downsized. "The new computer-based technologies promise a replacement of the human mind itself, substituting thinking machines for human beings across the entire gamut of economic activities." In other words, the people who seek jobs in the company come prepared for the worst: being hired and then first to be let go in some sort of downsizing."
A discussion on how the responses to the plague in medieval and early modern Europe can be best characterized as early examples of the operation of disciplinary power.
Abstract This paper discusses Michel Foucault's contention of the plague as a historical phenomenon, out of which a controlling, intrusive and discursively powerful form of modern rule emerged in Europe. The paper relates that, from a retrospective look at the responses to the plague in mediaeval and early modern Europe, it is tempting to conclude that the responses represented clear early examples of disciplinary power in action. Moreover, plague regimes appear to have been interventionist, controlling and totalizing. The paper then explains that this view leads to a distorted understanding of power as all-encompassing when, in reality, it was anything but. The paper concludes that it would be historically inaccurate to leave the impression that these plague regimes were omnipotent, for the simple reason that the enforcement of power was a messy, contested and negotiated process. There is also a limit to seeking examples of disciplinary power in a past period that Foucault himself did not necessarily see as completely emblematic of his theory.
Outline:
Introduction
Power as Interventionist and Controlling
Power as Limited and Hyped
Conclusion
From the Paper "Certainly England did eventually move towards a continental style of control. But this move, instigated under the rule of Charles I, was quickly abandoned following the outbreak of the Civil War. (Naphy and Spicer, 2000, p.100) Even if this plan had been carried out by the Crown, which had by and large succeeded in setting up pest houses throughout the rest of the kingdom, London would surely have resisted, for it rejected a system of pest houses in favour of continuous home quarantine, which obviated the need for "an extensive and expensive system of workers". (Naphy and Spicer, 2000, p.126) More significantly, London insisted on relying upon local and national charities as well as normal taxation to fund measures to cope with the plague rather than resort to a special plague tax that would have made the victims of disease wholly dependent on the benevolence of the state - to this extent inhabitants were not subject to the totalizing power of the state. (Naphy and Spicer, 2000, p.126) "
Abstract The paper discusses how appropriate post-secondary education training facilitates the transition of students with learning disabilities (LD) into an increasingly complex and demanding world of work. The paper shows how successful transition planning involves multidimensional informal and formal assessment beginning early in the student's educational career. The paper looks at the trans-disciplinary transition model (TTM) and its phases of assessment, planning, training, placement and follow-up and examines factors that should be considered when structuring assessments for the students' transitions. The paper then discusses higher education's backlash against college students with LD and looks at how to minimize its effects.
Outline:
Introduction
Transition In Learning Disability
Trans-disciplinary Transition Model
Structuring Assessments for Transition Planning
Assessment and Services for College-Bound Students with Learning Disabilities
Summary
From the Paper "People with learning disabilities (LD) are a highly heterogeneous group whose ability to learn in one or more specific areas is impaired. Increasing numbers of persons with learning disabilities who are now entering college have been found to have special needs related to both academic survival and career development that are often unrecognized and unmet in institutions of higher education (Ohler, Levinson, Barker, 1996). Students with learning disabilities may require considerable intervention before vocational decisions can be made. As such, they are in need of, and required by law to be provided with, services that are designed to assist them in making the transition from high school to postsecondary education."
This paper explores human sexuality being the subject of disciplinary action as a means of molding the individual to the norms, ethics, and values of society.
Abstract Through the examination of Michel Focault's works, "Discipline and Punish" this author first examines the efficacy of varying modes of disciplinary action, from brutal torture as a means of punishment, to constant surveillance, used as a more dissuasive device. The author discusses how different institutions over the years have acquired and maintained power. Finally the author explores Focault's "The History of Sexuality" and discusses the nature of human sexuality, ultimately propounding the argument that human sexuality has evolved into a tool that power-wielding institutions use to dictate how we live. Evidence of sexuality as a disciplinary instrument includes church confessionals, lecturing children on the dangers of masturbation, the implementation of one-child policies in overpopulated countries, and "family planning."
From the Paper "If sexuality is ultimately, a tool how then did it develop into this and what is its purpose? Current definitions of sexuality refer to either the sexual act itself, coitus, or referring to the gender differences of man and woman. However, this does not give the complete picture for sexuality as a tool. It is more interesting to note that, as Foucault claims, sexuality was invented; it is a "concept designed to give order, unity, and the status of natural inevitability to a bundle of discourses and administrative policies." What was the history of sex then? How did it emerge? If we take a step back in Western history we would remember the middle ages as being characterized by a single powerful institution, the Church and inside this institution developed one "main ritual we rely on for the production of truth: the confession."
Abstract This paper looks at the disciplinary actions available to the U.S. Government and the U.S. Military when federal employees or military personnel violate rules regarding authorized use of computers. The internet is cited as a major factor that encourages and enables the unauthorized use of computers. Two major military cases regarding the abuse of military computers are discussed and federal laws on computer crimes are explained.
From the Paper "The US Military and Government prohibits the unauthorized use of Government Unclassified/OSIS computers to surf prohibited sites, such as those containing sexually explicit material that may be deemed pornography. Typically the government randomly selects computers or users to monitor to maintain this law. However unauthorized use of computers is a problem within the government and military at large, at least as much of a problem as unauthorized computer use is for any employer in society. Federal employees who violate this prohibition are subject to a wide range of disciplinary action, up to and including dismissal."
This paper discusses plea bargaining, a procedure whereby the prosecution and the defense negotiate to reach a resolution outside of the court, resulting in the defendant usually agreeing to plead guilty to a lesser charge or punishment.
Abstract This paper explains that the most common argument on behalf of plea bargaining is that it reduces the courts? heavy caseloads by ensuring that most criminals enter a plea of guilty, thus eliminating the need for time-consuming trials. The author points out that an argument against plea bargaining is that the public usually favors a disciplinary policy for the handling of criminals in society and wants to see everyone pay for the crime committed. The paper relates that plea bargaining denies the defendant his constitutional right to a trial by jury and asks him to waive his rights against self-incrimination and the right to confront witnesses against him.
From the Paper "By having plea bargaining, we are insuring that criminals have to do at least some time for the crime they have committed. Plea bargaining is beneficial to defendants because they use it to reduce the uncertainty and severity of sentencing. If the defendant pleads guilty in return for a compromise, the defendant avoids the risk of a maximum sentence following a guilty verdict at a trial. Other important advantages to plea bargaining is that it allows the defendant a chance to admit their guilt and show some responsibility for the actions they have committed. By allowing a defendant to enter into a plea bargain and plead guilty, the system is shielding victims for having to testify at a trial that may be difficult for them. A trial usually means that a victim will have to relive what happened to them and may damage them."
Tags: caseload, judge, disciplinary, responsibility, rights
Abstract This paper examines current trends of sexual harassment in the workplace. The paper begins by exploring the different categories of harassment, the reasons for its perpetuation and the methods by which companies strive to prevent it. Also investigated is the various tools employees have to combat sexual harassment. The paper concludes by underscoring the progress that American society has made in this arena, specifically in the last two decades, in recognizing and discouraging inappropriate conduct.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Workplace Sexual Harassment
History and Definition of Sexual Harassment
Types of Sexual Harassment
Why does Sexual Harassment Occur
The Effects of Sexual Harassment
Employer Responsibility: Preventing Sexual Harassment
Why Should Employers Prevent Sexual Harassment
Preventative Training
Sexual Harassment Policy Statement
Formal Investigatory Procedure
Disciplinary Action
Employee Options: Confronting Sexual Harassment
Informal Complaint Procedure
Litigation
Conclusion
Works Cited
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
From the Paper "Sexual harassment was first defined, albeit vaguely, in Title 7 of the American Civil Rights Act of 1967 which prevents discrimination on the basis of race, colour, religion, national origin and sex (Cooper, p.24). However, the Act left a legal void which the courts had to fill so as to eliminate confusion. For example, between 1964 and 1980 the courts still treated sexual harassment as a personal matter between the harasser and the complainant (Paludi, p.34). Gradually, a working legal definition of sexual harassment evolved through guidelines established by the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC). In 1981, the EEOC set the primary standard for implementing the provisions of Title 7 when it stated that sexual harassment was "unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favours and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when any one of the following criteria is met (Paludi, p.2)."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that in both Kung! and Western society, the mother-child bond is considered to be the primary bond between parent and child. The writer points out that fathers play a role in child rearing, but the mother-child bond is the most intense. The writer notes that unlike the conventional, nuclear parental division of authority and discipline in the West, Kung! women have the authority. The writer explains that the father coming home from work dispensing discipline is not the figure of reverence and/or fear as in the West. In Kung! society it is the mother. The writer discusses that this division of disciplinary labor is accepted, there is neither patriarchy nor an attempt for mother and father to have equal authority upon the child.
From the Paper "In both Western and Kung! culture there is some anxiety attached to the correct time to sever the close bond between mother and child upon weaning and to give the child the status of a formal, autonomous member of the tribe. But unlike Western mothers who must work outside the home, Kung! mothers have little motivation or resources to find other ways of providing nutrition for their children other than breast-feeding. There seems to be little anxiety about nurturing a child correctly, perhaps because rather than the multiplicity of models of motherhood that Western women are subject to, Kung! society is far more mono-cultural. Because it is not thought appropriate or healthy for a pregnant mother to nurse a child, the justification for weaning is usually biological rather than sociological, as Western women may be apt to wonder about harming the child's socialization. Kung! mothers wean their children much later, usually around the age of three, and as late as age five, if they are expecting no other children."
