Abstract This paper discusses the need to form a regional fund, known as Asian Monetary Fund (AMF). It examines why many Asian countries prefer to have a regional fund. It also studies whether an AMF will threaten the existence of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). As there are objections to the formation of an AMF, a modified regional fund is also suggested. Lastly, proposed roles of an AMF are outlined to substantiate its formation.
From the Paper "This case study serves to illustrate the important roles played by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) during the Asian financial crisis in 1997. Despite playing some positive roles, the IMF has received widespread criticisms that the reform measures it implemented in Asia were too sudden and too harsh, and in most cases, not appropriate for the social dimension in Asia."
Abstract The role of the federal government in determining policies and practices in the nation's school is traced. The author contends that the federal agency's role is limited, and may involve little more than seeing that applications for funding are properly submitted, compliance or audit issues resolved and money disbursed in timely fashion.
From the Paper "Critics of federal involvement in public schools say that state and local authorities understand better what kind of standards and practices their school districts need. Some also believe that national standards or testing will inevitably lead to a national curriculum, the contents of which may be fiercely opposed by some local school boards. Finally, critics say that increased federal involvement adds another expensive bureaucratic layer to the educational system. In the United States education is supposed to be a responsibility of the sub-national governments. However, the federal government intervenes often to define curricula and standards, to grant research money, to regulate, to allocate scholarships, and so forth. This problem is, of course, not limited to the United States."
Abstract As fiscal year 2004 budget proposals are clogging up the legislative hopper, this paper reviews the Bush administration's foreign aid policies and payouts. It looks at how Bush's conservative political philosophy effects foreign aid and why it is nearly impossible to reach an approximate figure on total U.S. foreign aid disbursements.
From the Paper "To begin with, how much does the U.S. spend on foreign aid? According to the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB, 2002), the U.S. government poured some $23 billion into international assistance programs of one kind or another last year. Of that, $9.9 billion was "official development assistance" to foreign nations; $12.7 billion went for "other government assistance" to foreign nations. But those numbers do not reflect the $9.3 billion that it costs to run the U.S. Department of State (which interacts with foreign governments at many levels), nor do the numbers include the billions in secret military hardware and technologies given to nations "friendly" to the U.S. by the Bush Administration. After all, when it comes to definitions, foreign "aid" is foreign aid whether it is rice, milk, medical supplies, equipment for drilling wells for fresh water in Africa munitions for the Columbian government to do battle with drug lords, or millions to oil drilling companies to restart Iraqi energy facilities."
Abstract This paper defines and compares two concepts in accounting - the cash basis and the accrual basis. It shows that the cash basis of accounting is more likely to be used by service businesses than by retail or manufacturing businesses. The paper also provides an example in table form to show the differences between the two systems.
From the Paper "In short, under the cash method, a business reports income when it is received and reports expenses when cash is disbursed. Under the accrual method, a business reports income when the business has the right to receive the income and reports expenses when all events, which create the liability, have occurred and the amount of the expense is reasonably determinable."
Abstract The first part of this paper looks at examples of this unequal funding throughout the country. The next part of the paper then looks at the various reasons for these disparities, from the government level to the lack of public support. In the conclusion, this paper argues that there remains a strong need to increase public support for education funding and to re-work the current formula used by states to determine how school funds are disbursed. After all, whether one is wealthy or poor, it is in everyone's interests to ensure that the succeeding generation of Americans is both skilled and educated.
From the Paper "In 2001, Congress agreed to re-write the long-standing Elementary and Secondary Education Act. This alone was a contentious step, since agreeing to the re-write opened the doors for controversial programs such as the school voucher program. Critics of the law also charge that President Bush is ignoring his campaign promise to provide sufficient funding for all school districts, to ensure that low-income students can catch up to the test scores of their more affluent peers (Swindell 2003)."
Abstract This paper presents an overview of the various therapies available in Canada to patients suffering from physical ailments. In addition to a medical overview of these therapies, which include prescription drugs, OTC and herbal medications, the paper also discusses legislation governing their disbursement and use.
From the Paper "OTC medications might be considered 'milder' forms of prescription medications. Many of them have similar effects as prescription medications, such as pain relief, but are generally less powerful and contain less active ingredients than their prescription counterparts. Most consumers are able to purchase over the counter medications at a local grocer or pharmacist, and many use them to self-medicate or treat minor ailments and illnesses."
Abstract This paper looks at how women led self help groups (SHGs) in many parts of the country have achieved success in bringing women to the mainstream of decision-making. It examines how self help groups are also a viable organized setup to disburse micro credit to the rural women and encouraging them to enter into entrepreneurial activities. It mainly focuses on the socio-demography characteristics of SHGs in particular reference to the empowerment of women. It assesses the effectiveness of the SHG programmes and contribution to the development of the skills of rural women.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Data and Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Women are generally under-employed due to their limited command over resources and regulatory institutions. Particularly, rural women face greater problem than their urban counter parts with no source of livelihood other than the agriculture. Hence, the government has been adopting various programmes for empowering rural women in the country. The introduction of Development of Women and Child in Rural Areas (DWCRA) was one such scheme. However, its several shortcomings leading to its failure paved the way for the introduction of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) scheme, a sub-programme under Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY). The SHGs scheme is specially aimed at increasing women's earnings and making them self-confidant. It has been regular component of the Indian financial system since 1996."
Abstract The paper discusses the beginnings of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS). The paper describes the agencies' significant role and function in relation to public health. The paper discusses how every citizen of the United States has the right to apply for Medicare or Medicaid. The paper looks at the structure of the organization and provides a breakdown of the financial disbursement of funds in the CMS. The paper also offers a diagram that represents the communication between federal, state and local levels of the government in connection with the CMS.
From the Paper "The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) is the largest health care service provider in the United States. Since its beginnings the reliance on CMS by the American public has continued to grow, especially since the majority of Americans do not possess health insurance in the country. As the President and Congress continue to add programs to the CMS the significance of the agency continues to impact American society. Because of its multifunctional nature there are many throughout the United States that believe that the CMS should evolve into a national health care program, ending the concern for a national health care system in the country. However, the structure of the organization has suggested that there is not sufficient control of accountability and that the CMS would have to be restructured in order for it to meet the demands of such an alteration in its existence."
Tags: national, health, insurance, coverage, social, security, funding, communication
