Abstract This paper examines a model disasterplan for a small regional airport. The paper explains why the Federal Aviation Authority is encouraging travelers to use regional airports and discusses how important it is for even small facilities to have practical and working disasterplans. The author points this out in light of the 9/11 terrorist attack. The role of various staff members of the airport is highlighted in the paper. The paper includes an appendix of airport safety procedures.
Outline:
Abstract
Statement of Problem
Disasters Included/Excluded from Consideration
Rationale for Included/Excluded Disasters Personnel and Their Duties: Authority and Responsibility
Personnel Internal and Response Team
Interfaces to Persons both Internal and External to Your Operation
Response Plan and Procedures
Scenario of Events
Fire/Chemical/ Biohazard Threat or Spill
Weather or Natural Disaster Concerns
Regional Power Failure
Earthquake
Tornado
On-site Medical Emergency
In-Flight Emergencies
Terrorist Activity/Security Violations
Requirements for Response Team Activities
Communication and Documentation
References to Supporting Literature
Appendix 1 (recommendations of pre-flight responsibilities including legal and suggested by Willamette Aviation)
Pilot Responsibilities Checklist/ Violation of which will require review and potential suspension of flight privileges:
From the Paper "Disasters that are likely to occur include natural disasters such as regional, onsite or aircraft fires and or collisions, power failure, individual medical emergencies (including one or more people) floods, earthquakes, heavy winds and biochemical and or chemical hazards, such as spills are included as well as those that must be accounted for but are less likely to occur such as hijacking, terrorist attack and or infiltration or intentional biochemical or chemical attacks either originating at this airport or as an attack on it."
Abstract The paper reviews the disasterplan put out by Queens, N.Y. It shows that awareness about the importance of Community Disasterplans is on the rise and the American Red Cross and fire department are doing their best to educate the community of Queens, New York. The paper shows that what is important is that the disasterplan is practiced regularly and carried out as planned during times of emergency. It surmises that the disasterplan is very effective and covers nearly all issues helping to save more lives and property.
From the Paper "The Disaster Plan although very useful and helpful can be further improved upon by giving more importance and consideration to a few issues. The most important is working out a plan on how to help the disabled and handicapped members of the neighborhood. This also applies to elderly people who may have mobility problems. Although the above disaster plan applies to them, a few more points should be taken into consideration. The old and the disabled should provide a spare key to their house to any of the nearby neighbors. All emergency health supplies and necessary medicines should be kept within easy reach."
Abstract This paper examines the statement of the National Association of State Boards of Education and its opinions on school emergency planning. The paper discusses the most significant problems facing state and local education agencies regarding disasterplanning; which aspects of FRP schools need to improve; and whether earthquake safety should be a major issue, or are there more important issues. The paper discusses the relevance of an article by Louise K. Comfort on disaster preparedness.
From the Paper "The most significant problem that state and local education agencies are facing in relation to disaster and emergency planning is that there is no consistency to the efforts in this regard. Individual states have specific plans in some cases western ..."
Abstract This paper reviews a number of disaster recovery issues. The paper focuses on the national economic impacts of natural disasters both long- and short-term. The paper also addresses the financial impact of disasters at the personal and community levels.
Abstract This paper discusses the need for effective emergency disasterplanning, particularly the storing of emergency kits. It details what should be included in the kits and lists books that can be read to help prepare the average family. The paper discusses past emergency situations in the United States and how the country should learn from those experiences. The paper concludes with excerpts from Patty Wipfler's article "Helping Our Children Deal with Shocking Events."
Table of Contents:
In Case of an Emergency
Ponder, Plan and Practice
General Emergency "Kit" Guidelines
Past Lessons
Current Considerations
Moving Forward
Somewhat Prepared?
From the Paper "Think through specific needs and various scenarios. At work, it is a good idea to store several protein bars and a small backpack with toiletries, critical medication, some water and food. It's also a good ides to keep a small emergency disaster kit in a car," experts recommend."
"At home, along with an emergency kit or kits, determine a course of action for emergency and disaster situations. Know evacuation routes. Identify a place family members can meet if they are separated. Each family member needs to have an emergency contact list that includes names and phone numbers for immediate family members and also relatives who live out-of-town. It is a good idea to have two escape routes. One plan is needed for each person to get out of each room; the other, the best way to out of the house. Experts recommend that after the plan is mapped out, it is practiced on a regular basis. (Ibid.)"
Abstract This paper presents a description of a needed disasterplan in Queens, New York. The writer outlines the need for a disasterplan and then presents a proposed plan for the future. These ideas are based on the response to the Sept 11th terrorist attacks in New York and Washington.
From the Paper "As the world watched in horror on September 11, 2002 the planes hit the buildings. From that moment emergency response offices across the country began to re-evaluate their disaster plans and update them. The area of Queens New York should have a disaster plan that is both technologically sound as well as plausible as an action.
"Before one can begin to understand the need for a disaster plan one must have a grasp on what a disaster is. A disaster for the purpose of emergency response offices means something that affects the residents of an area in a negative manner. A disaster can be man made or a natural disaster. Some examples of disasters include tornadoes, fires, earthquakes and floods."
Abstract This paper discusses the impact that disasters have on infrastructure in a networked world. It analyzes disasters that are technological such as the 2003 Blackout, intentional such as the September 11th terrorist attacks and natural such as Hurricane Katrina. The paper shows, through these disasters, how the networked nature of our critical infrastructure systems has made disasterplanning and preparation that much more difficult.
From the Paper "The critical infrastructures in the world, and in the U.S. in particular, have become increasingly dependent on one another. Disasters that singly affect one critical infrastructure will have cascading negative effects for all of the other interdependent infrastructures. In those cases in which energy infrastruc-tures are damaged from the outset, the impacts on the rest of the network of in-terdependent systems and infrastructures are especially dramatic. Without ac-cess to energy, recovery after any disaster is difficult and since all infrastruc-tures depend on energy inputs in one form or another, the collapse of an energy infrastructure can be especially devastating. Nonetheless, the important lesson to retain from these disasters discussed above is that all of our existing critical infrastructures are increasingly dependent on each other to operate and, as a re-sult, increasingly susceptible to collapse and damage as a result of seemingly unrelated disasters."
Abstract This case study analysis discusses the implementation of the National Response Plan (NRP) under the National Incident Management System (NIMS) of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of the United States government in response to the disaster of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The paper examines both the weaknesses and the strengths of the implementation of the NRP in New Orleans and Louisiana in August and September 2005. The paper concludes with recommendations for the future.
Table of Contents:
Project Summary
Size of the Project
Implementation Process
Environmental Setting
Leadership
Implementers
Beneficiaries
Communication
Evaluation of the Success of Implementation
Lessons Learned
Recommendations
General Conclusions
From the Paper "Given the political cost to President Bush in the wake of Katrina, the federal government seems to have decided that partnerships with local and state agencies are no longer effective. Instead of waiting for requests for assistance from state and local officials, the federal government has instituted policies that require proactive intervention by the federal government in the anticipation of any disaster. The implementation of disaster planning - pending further review of the role of FEMA - will be heavily militarized, with primary responsibility lying with Northcom; the U.S. Northern Command that was set up in the wake of 9-11 to deal with military crises on American soil. Thus, weeks after Hurricane Katrina, when Hurricane Wilma threatened Florida, President Bush overrode the wishes of his brother, the Governor of Florida, and made a three-star general the primary leader for implementation of the NRP in that case (Sylves 37). Thus, pending a radical revision of FEMA, the primary lesson learned from Katrina has been the necessity for proactive leadership over partnership, as exemplified by military command-and-control structures."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that in the aftermath of 9/11, disasterplanning and preparation was seen as increasingly critical for both public and private enterprises. The writer points out that since then, efforts by federal and state governments to deal with crisis management have spanned the sublime to the ridiculous. The writer discusses that while some reforms have had a positive impact, at other times state and local governments have had to learn from their mistakes at tremendous financial cost to their departments and tremendous cost to the citizens suffering the disasters.
From the Paper "One might call this a large-scale, federally sanctioned version of Titanic-style planning where there were not enough 'lifeboats' to carry all of the lives of the potential passengers in case of a wreck.
"To remedy the flaws in the emergency response system post-Katrina, a new operations center was created to give streaming-video updates from first responders in FEMA disaster areas and factory outposts with FEMA supplies were stocked with enough food and water to sustain one million people for a week all over the country. Officials met with disaster-management representatives from all of the states and seventy-five of the largest urban areas to evaluate evacuation plans for before and after major storms. They also increased and improved drills in areas likely to be impacted by hurricanes."
This paper tailors a disaster management plan to serve as a guide in disaster management planning development and implementation for an insurance company in Miami.
Abstract This paper describes a disaster management plan for an insurance company that suffered recent losses from a hurricane. The writer details the various stages of developing a risk mitigation plan for the organization that is realistic, workable and tailored specifically to the organization. The writer explains how this process involves design, development, implementation, and dissemination to the organization stakeholders. Also integral are assessment, practice, and simulation, along a continuum of constant updating of the plan to ensure that the plan is relevant and appropriate as indicated by trending. This paper contains a figure.
Outline:
Scenario
DisasterPlan Objective
The Need of a Disaster Management Plan Coordination and Integration of Networks
Disaster Management Plan Tailored to Organization
Clearly Stated PlansDisaster Mitigation and Recovery
Simulation for Testing and Practice
Prevention, Mitigation, and Continuity of the Organization
Testing, Assessment, and Practice Following by Ongoing RM
Security in the Organization
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Also important in this plan will be the component of effective coordination with public authorities. This will involve the establishment of policies as well as procedural methods in what will serve as a continuum of collaborative interaction with the organizations: (1) employees; (2) employee's families; (3) key customers; (4) Critical suppliers; (5) owners/stockholders, and corporate management during a crisis. Execution of the plan is dependent upon first defining the problem with clarity and understanding the various roles and levels of accountabilities among the various levels of management in the organization and as well teams must be identified along with their respective responsibilities; Risk evaluation will include the examination of loss potentials or 'threats' that present to the organization which include those of the nature of: (1) natural ; (2) manmade; (3) accidental; (4) intention; (5) internal; and (6) external."
An illustration of an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) that every city should have in place and practice on a regular basis in order to save as many lives as possible in the event of a disaster occurring.
Abstract The paper defines the different types of disasters that can occur and explains why every local fire department should have a disasterplan in place. The paper presents the four phases of Emergency Management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. The paper focuses on the response phase by detailing the systems and structures that should be in place in every city in order to respond efficiently to any disaster.
From the Paper "The first portion of direction and control is establishing an Incident Command System at the site of the disaster. The second portion of direction and control is the establishment of an Emergency Operations Center (EOC) (FEMA, SLG 101, 2002). The functions of these two centers are different. The ICS is concerned with the immediate disaster and information dissemination to the EOC. Both the ICS and EOC are concerned with two phases. For both the ICS and EOC primary concern is protecting life and later the sustainability of services to sustain life. Direction and control is about the integration of services during a disaster. It is important for maintaining organization and structure."
Abstract This paper highlights the necessity of a well-organized evacuation plan in the case of natural or other sorts of disasters. Mass evacuations and the different situations in which they are necessary are described. The author stresses the importance of proper information dissemination during evacuation and sheltering the evacuees. The paper concludes with warnings about looting during emergencies and the need for appropriate law enforcement.
Outline:
Introduction
Evacuation Procedures
Reference List
From the Paper " Mass evacuation normally happens when a major threat to a certain community, building or anyplace were majority of the people therein are at risk. There are different types of mass evacuation namely pre-event evacuation, post-event evacuation, voluntary evacuation and mandatory evacuation. A pre-event evacuation occurs 'when the level of risk is uncertain while post-evacuation occurs if it has been assessed that the situation has been contained. On the other hand, voluntary evacuation happens when the people themselves choose to move out of their place, with or without instructions from the outsiders. A mandatory evacuation occurs when a lead agency imposes the people to leave the area (Mass Evacuation, 2006). "
Abstract This paper presents a simulated disaster detection, protection and response plan for a Metropolitan subway system in the event of a chemical agent terrorist attack. The paper discusses the plan's early warning and rapid response measures.
Tags: terrorism, chemical agent, subway, security, detection, response, emergency
Argues that natural disasters impact society and community differently than do manmade disasters and that this distinction is important to the recovery of communities that have experienced a disasterous event.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, 2002, $ 62.95
Abstract Natural disasters include such occurrences as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, avalanches or earthquakes. Manmade disasters would include such things as airplane crashes, chemical or nuclear accidents and, of course, war. This paper will demonstrate that the distinction between these two types of disasters is significant, as each triggers different reactions in those individuals and communities who experience them. Such post-disaster impact assumes many forms depending upon variables such as locus of control, and degree of exposure to trauma. It will be argued that community planning to deal with post-disaster impact is equally as important as the reconstruction of the physical landscape after disaster.
Abstract This paper presents an examination of potential unexpected disasters that could effect the New York Borough of Queens and emergency procedures which would need to be taken. Possible problems mentioned include the ethnic richness, terror targets, air crashes, natural disasters and extreme temperatures. The author discusses procedures which should be taken for each of these disasters and stresses the need for disasterplanning.
From the Paper "When reflecting upon the correct procedures to pursue in the event of an emergency, it is important to be mindful of the specific types of hazards that might be more likely to face a particular area. Depending on the location and the nature of the area's topography, a particular area may be more likely to suffer emergency situations with natural causes, human causes, and technological causes than other areas. New York City, because of the events of September 11th, has become increasingly alert to the necessary procedures one must take in the event of unexpected disasters. However, the emergency procedures of the outer boroughs of the City have not always come under equal scrutiny as the emergency procedures of lower Manhattan. Thus it is important to review the possible emergencies that might afflict one of New York City's boroughs. In this particular case focus will be on the types of problems most likely to afflict the borough of Queens."
