Abstract
This six-page paper examines the development of the UN debate over Iraq and analyzes how the UN's organizational structure prevented the UN from taking effective action to disarm Iraq.

Abstract
This paper explains that two of the most widely used weapons by law enforcement officials are WebShot, a 3m-wide Kevlar net that can entangle targets as far away as 9 meters, and the Taser gun, which transmits an electrical signal that results in an instant loss of the attacker?s neuromuscular control and any ability to perform coordinated action. The author discusses a device commonly known as a spike strip or stop strip, which, when activated, punctures the tires of a car. The paper concludes that the effects of these weapons on society have been enormous and have led to declines in the number of injuries to suspects and officers and to fewer liability claims.

From the Paper
"According to Cohen (1997), "the most widely used non-lethal weapons are wood, rubber, or polyurethane bullets shot out of modified 37-mm pistols or 12-gauge shotguns. At short distances, officers are using pepper spray and Tasers". Other technologies still in development include guns that shoot giant nets, guns that squirt sticky glue, and lights that can temporarily blind a suspect. A full description of all the various weapons in use or under development is beyond the scope of this paper, but it is plain to see that the law enforcement and military community are taking this matter seriously."

Tags:liability, webshot, spike, shock, bullets

Abstract
The paper relates that, by 1938, the Nazi government was planning an outbreak of violence against the Jews and had an excuse when a Jew killed a Nazi official. The paper describes Kristallnacht and the Nazis' destruction of synagogues and businesses, the disarming of the Jews and the detaining of healthy male Jews for slave labor. The paper relates that historians believe that Kristallnacht was the turning point in the Nazi policy regarding the Jews and may be considered as the beginning of the "final solution" or the Holocaust.

From the Paper
"During the 1920's, most German Jews were fully integrated in German society as German citizens. They served in the army and navy, and contributed to every field of German science, business and culture. Following the election of the Nazi party on January 30, 1933, conditions began to change considerably for the Jews. They were singled out by the German propaganda as being responsible for Germany's defeat in the First World War, and the economic problems that followed.
"With the enactment of the Nuremburg Laws in 1935, Jews were stripped of their citizenship and were forbid to marry Germans. Many fled the country in order to escape persecution, but they would soon find that Jews were not looked highly upon in most parts of the world. In an attempt to help, President Roosevelt convened the Evian Conference in July 1938 to address the issue of Jews fleeing Nazi persecution."

Tags:Grynszpan, Von, Rath, Hitler, Nazis, concentration, camps, extermination, camps, ghettos

Abstract
The paper discusses the affect of eugenics and social Darwinism on the Nazi worldview. The paper asserts that as humans heavily imbued in our own history, we need to ask ourselves the question: why did Germany, one of the most educated nations in the world, harbor Nazism and what part did science have in siding with the Nazi party? The paper argues that understanding the Nazi rise to power and the disarming, everlasting effect of the Holocaust is integral to the study of history, and critical in ensuring that these sorts of genocidal occurrences never happen again.

From the Paper
""From Darwin to Hitler", by Richard Weikart, recounts the affect of eugenics and social Darwinism on the Nazi worldview. As humans heavily imbued in our own history, we need to ask ourselves the question: why did Germany, one of the most educated nations in the world, harbor Nazism and what part did science have in siding with the Nazi party? Understanding the Nazi rise to power and the disarming, everlasting effect of the holocaust is integral to the study of history, and critical in ensuring that these sorts of genocidal occurrences never happen again. From Darwin to Hitler focuses on the major influence of Darwinism on the Nazi party..."

Tags:hitler, darwin, history

Abstract
The paper discusses how in a time of desperation, Congress granted the president and his executive branch subordinates emergency power which was summarized in the Patriot Act. This new law allowed the FBI and Department of Justice free reign to examine information on any person they arbitrarily deemed "a threat". The paper notes that any person using a phone or computer may have his communications intercepted. Thus the paper comments that in order to restore our original freedom, we must encourage the legislative and judicial branches to maintain their former power in order that we we may continue to be a land of freedom.

Outline:
Absolute power corrupts absolutely
Ignoring the fourth amendment
Freedom to Enslave
Unchecked Power
Checks and Balances
Disarming the Dictator
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In order to achieve total intelligence worldwide, according to the Bush administration, the American government must remove the delay and restraints associated with searches and surveillance. The Patriot Act strengthened the use of "national security letters", or NSLs. The earliest inception of NSLs was in 1978 (D. Cole, 2007). These letters were used to acquire personal information about a target of terrorist or espionage investigations, with little judicial review. Instilled in each NSL is a "gag order"; a clause of non-disclosure that forbids anyone involved in the use of the NSL to reveal its contents. These letters were originally used in extreme cases; however, the Patriot Act increased the usage of NSLs to include domestic targets as well. Additionally, the already lax judicial control was weakened even further, and the NSL could be used on any person the government saw as an imminent threat, without question."

Tags:national, security, letters, judicial, control, emergency, situations

Abstract
The paper discusses how in 2003, United States President George W. Bush invaded Iraq, in contradiction of the opinions of the rest of the world, including the United Nations. The paper explains that his primary argument for this was that it was necessary, as Iraq posed an unacceptable danger as it had amassed weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The paper discusses how the United State's aggression was to be seen as an attempt to maintain the balance of power, in that it was aimed at disarming Iraq, and so preventing the situation where a potentially aggressive nation had more power than was safe for the international community - especially the United States. The paper shows how Iraq was portrayed as a terrorist nation, and the invasion was portrayed as part of a war on terrorism.

From the Paper
"In 2003, United States President George W. Bush invaded Iraq, in contradiction of the opinions of the rest of the world, including the United Nations. His primary argument for this was that it was necessary, as Iraq posed an unacceptable danger as it had amassed weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Thus, the United State's aggression was to be seen as an attempt to maintain the balance of power, in that it was aimed at disarming Iraq, and so preventing the situation where a potentially aggressive nation had more power than was safe for the international community - especially the United States. Iraq was portrayed as a..."

Tags:international, relations, wmd

Abstract
This paper evaluates both sides of the issue about the use of deadly force by law enforcement agents by using a formal logic format of two premises and a conclusion. This paper states that suing every cop who uses deadly force or disarming law enforcement altogether is not the answer to problems that attend the use of deadly force. The author concludes that there is compelling evidence that law enforcement organizations have been conscientious in recent years about developing an ethos of public protection and service and firearm safety. Annotated Bibliography.

From the Paper
"Such attitudes and trends help explain why police personnel are increasingly at risk. Police are put in the position of continually second-guessing themselves in the matter of use of deadly force. This means that law-enforcement effectiveness can suffer, which can further erode public safety and make respect for the law an irrelevant social proposition."

Tags:protection, sue, logic, bias, violence

Abstract
An essay which compares the political philosophy of Edmund Burke with that of his leading critic, Thomas Paine. It argues that Burke's philosophy was less a reaction to the French Revolution than an idealization of the English constitution which was created for the purpose of disarming those in England who might have drawn upon revolutionary principles to foster change at home. Paine's philosophy is distinguished from Burke's chiefly by the fact that it takes a much more critical attitude to the past.

From the Paper
"Yet as praise for Burke's philosophy seems detached from any particular enthusiasm for the late 18th-century English state, it seems that Burke's political philosophy is routinely analyzed in a way that completely abstracts it from the political order it was intended to eulogize and exempt from further change. The problem with this abstract approach is that it bestows upon Burke's philosophy the power to legitimize any political order simply because it has subsisted into a venerable old age. In other words, if the Third Reich had lasted a thousand years, it would also be entitled to similar esteem as the fruit of generations of human wisdom. It is hard, however, to see the genuine wisdom in a philosophy which blithely ratifies the past, without developing clear criteria to distinguish between the parts which might be allowed to continue to subsist without harm, and those which will only yield harm if left uncorrected."

Tags:Reflections, Revolution, France, Whig, 18th-century, Common, Sense

Abstract
This paper discusses the French attitude towards the war effort to disarm Iraq and how France remains opposed to the use of force to achieve such goals. It looks at how the French position is influenced by its economic ties with Iraq, which is its largest trading partner in the Middle East region. It evaluates how the reasons for the French position range from political considerations to economic interest and analyzes some of these interests and the future consequences of war on them.

From the Paper
"Preventing war against Iraq would help France maintain its economic interest in Iraq. As its former colony, France does not want the United States to replace it; such condition would lead to a loss of the French influence in the region. There are charges that the US is also interested in the Iraqi oil, and if Iraq were defeated, the United States would become the temporary ruler in Iraq, and would gain from such effort, by winning oil concessions. Clearly, it is not in France's interest to be pushed aside in Iraq, it is also a blow not only to its prestige, but also to its economic interests."

Tags:middle, east, oil, politics

Abstract
This paper examined The French attitude towards the war effort to disarm Iraq. France remains opposed to the use of force to achieve such goals. Reasons for the French position ranges from political considerations to economic interest. The French economic interests in Iraq were examined, as well as the future consequences of war on such interests.