Abstract This paper explains that disagreement is the outcome of differences of opinion, while conflict is more threatening; disagreement is normally restrained and fairly calm, while conflict is unreasoned and violent. The author points out that there are five broad strategies people normally deploy in dealing with disagreement and conflict: Power, compromise, withdraw-avoid, placate-yield and synergy. The paper relates that the resolution of conflict is considered to be constructive when (1) it paves the way for people to change positively, (2) the relationship is strengthened, (3) cohesiveness is formed among team members and (4) the solved problem is a better solution. Table.
From the Paper "The second strategy is 'I win a little, you win a little'. This gives rise to compromise as a negotiated solution on the basis that each person would make some relaxation to the other. But within this style, the other person may still be viewed as an opponent. The policy of compromise is sometimes viewed as a mode of making the solution more tolerable to each party. It is taken to be persuasive and sometimes regarded as manipulative conflict management style in which both objectives are frequently played against the middle in an attempt to serve the common objective. The third strategy is 'I lose, you lose. The hopelessness is the crucial characteristic of this withdrawal and avoids strategy."
Abstract There is widespread scholarly disagreement over the process of the British Industrial Revolution and the dating of precisely when it occurred. This essay will argue that it is difficult, if not impossible, to be precise in discussing the Industrial Revolution because there does not exist an academic consensus over exactly what the term includes and the relative importance of each component.
Abstract The paper explores international disagreements under NAFTA (North America Free Trade Agreement). The paper describes trade disputes between different corporations and countries that NAFTA is responsible for resolving and brings examples of disagreements and cases.
From the Paper "The majority of trade transactions in North America now take place under the rules and guidelines of the North America Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA, and the World Trade Organization, WTO. Trade disputes between governments and corporations of different countries are resolved primarily by NAFTA's committees and tribunals. Four sections of NAFTA are primarily responsible for these dispute settlement provisions. Chapter Nineteen of NAFTA addresses duty and anti-dumping matters between countries. Chapter Twenty's provisions cover all other disputes not related to investment."
Abstract The paper explains how in business and other endeavors, communication and decision-making are invariable factors that contribute to the success - or failure - of any undertaking. The paper examines Mark H. Fowler's term of philosophical discontinuity in a case where one manager left a company due to disagreements in decision-making. The paper shows how despite the misgivings of the one manager, the decision was seen as the best one for the company. The paper looks at Allan Chapman's "decision-making maxims" and at Carter McNamara's "downward and upward communications." The paper concludes that the key to avoidance of disagreement is communication.
From the Paper "Simplistically, it may be termed as "difference of opinion" or "varying viewpoints." But as Fowler (2002) presented in the case of the "Owner vs. Manager" wherein the owners "wanted to focus on the existing customer base and develop new products for existing customers" while the managers "wanted to reach new markets and expand firm capabilities", despite growth in sales after "discussing the different plans and agreeing to" the direction of the owners, one manager still left. This is also a case in point of not being able to satisfy everyone's wish and if a person strongly disagrees with management decision, quitting is always a prerogative."
An analysis of the nature of the Australian government set forth by the Australian Constitution and reasons for disagreements over the style of government.
6,045 words (approx. 24.2 pages), 9 sources, 2001, $ 143.95
Abstract This paper poses two fundamental questions: 'what is the nature of government set forth by the Australian Constitution?' and 'why has there been such disagreement and disparity in the respective responses?' The paper is organized under the following headings: Organisation of a Liberal Democracy (Power, Legitimacy, Justice, Freedom) The Constitution (Hybridised Constitution, Constitutional-Institutional Relationships, Relationship ? Monarchy / Governor-General, Relationship ? The Executive, Relationship ? Commonwealth / States, The Referendum Process), Australian Federalism, and Responsible Government (Convention versus the Constitution, The "Washminster" Mutation, Credibility of the Responsible Government Model).
From the Paper "According to Emy, "Australia is one of a small group of countries usually classified as liberal democracies. This is a distinctive type of democracy, one in which the ideas and values of a particular kind of Anglo-American liberalism have exercised a pervasive influence on the growth of political institutions over the past 150 years" (Emy & Hughes, 1988: 183). One of the first steps one can take in explaining how the Australian political system works, is to define the theory behind its operation, and to describe how its supposed to be organised. Therefore, we should give a brief account of "liberalism" and "democracy" insofar as these modes of thought have significantly influenced the overall shape and character of the Australian political system."
Abstract This paper looks at how employee problems are inescapably managerial or supervisory problems and how the corporate landscape has definitely reshaped itself, what with the unbelievably rapid technological changes and the uncontrolled global competition. It proposes a case study of Success Systems Technology and Network Corporation in the Philippines to delve into cases of disagreement which lead to the disintegration of harmonious and civil relationship between the employees and the management.
Outline
Introduction
The Problem
Methodology
Conceptual Framework
The Case
Findings
A Simple Survey Questionnaire
Leadership Commitments
From the Paper "The manager who would be a leader should be a discerning one. While empowering employees seem easy enough, there is the danger of their making grievous errors in assuming responsibility. The manager should watch out for these situations and allow the employee to commit the error which he and the manager can correct together, allowing the employees to learn. Empowering is a gradual process. Changing the old culture at the workplace may be a protracted and tedious process but can be achieved with assiduity, close attention and perspicacity of the manager. Thus the manager-leader may enjoy the fruits of delegating duties and assigning the staff to learn on the job, acquire new skills and enhance the corporate image while both the manager and the employees grow in the job. The manager should endeavor to create an atmosphere of reciprocal trust, understanding and cooperation."
Abstract This paper examines "The Man in the High Castle" and Cassie Carter's article, "The Metacolonization of Dick's The Man in the High Castle: Mimicry, Parasitism, and Americanism in the PSA." The author discusses why she disagrees with Carter's assessment.
Abstract In this article, the writer maintains that although conflict management may sound contradictory, some amount of conflict is necessary for all organizations to thrive. The writer claims that without conflict, change is impossible. The writer points out that the key to managing conflict is to ensure that disagreements are handled in a productive fashion and do not cause hurt feelings any more than is needed, which hampers rather than facilitates workplace productivity. The writer discusses that conflict management is especially necessary in today's increasingly diverse workforce, where employees bring conflicting assumptions as to what makes good and fair business, and how discussions and negotiations should be navigated.
From the Paper "The greater the range of experiences, personal and organizational cultures, competing desires and personalities of individuals the greater the potential that conflict will arise in the workplace."
"Of course, diversity can be an asset for an organization, creating a more sophisticated, astute, dynamic and responsive workforce in an era of increased globalization. Yet it is essential that managers, to meet the challenges posed by such interpersonal dynamics improve their ability to engage in active listening, remain adaptable to the needs of the workforce and hone their personal tools of effective decision-making."
Abstract The paper provides a definition of conflict resolution and summarizes three articles concerning conflict resolution in the workplace. The paper looks at "Resolving Workplace Conflict: To Overcome Disagreements and Build a Cohesive Team, a Manager Must Understand What Causes Conflicts" by William Cottinger that explains the causes of workplace conflicts, "Effectively Managing Team Conflict" by Barbara Bulleit that focuses on resolving team conflict and the causes and solutions that managers can employ to resolve such conflicts and finally, "Conflict - An Essential Ingredient for Growth" by Susan Pilgrim that focuses on the idea that conflict can be a catalyst for growth if it is handled correctly. The paper concludes from the research that conflict resolution is almost always necessary as it relates to organizational management.
From the Paper "In the workplace, conflict resolution is vitally important because organizations rely upon employees working together to achieve the goals of the organization. However, when conflict arises employees are not able to work together to achieve these goals and the organization can suffer as it relates to profitability, customer service and high turnover rates. For this reason most organizations have some type of conflict resolution strategy. These strategies are designed to avoid conflict from occurring and to resolve it quickly when it does develop. Conflict resolution is viewed as necessary in any organization because individuals always have differing opinions concerning the manner in which the organization is run."
Abstract This paper examines critically the disagreements over international trade issues which led to the failure of the trade negotiations at the November 30-December 3, 1999 meeting of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Seattle, Washington. It discusses how the 134 trade ministers who met in Seattle failed to agree on further liberalization of the global trading system because of substantive differences among the developed nations and between them and the less developed countries (LDCs) over a wide range of issues. It analyzes how the anti-WTO demonstrations, marches and sporadic violence outside the convention center where delegates to the WTO conference met did not cause those disagreements, but how the debacle in Seattle reflected the growing political strength of the forces of economic nationalism which has arrested progress toward further reduction in international trade barriers.
From the Paper "One reason the conference failed was that it was hastily arranged without pre-agreement among any of the participants even as to the items to be placed on the agenda of the conference. The term of the previous director general of WTO, an Italian, Renato Ruggiero, ended on April 30, 1999. Between then and September a debilitating struggle over his successor ensued. Japan and most Third World members supported the candidacy of Thai Supachai Pantichpakdi while the United States and the European Union (EU) favored Michael Moore, a former Prime Minister of New Zealand, who was ultimately selected, but did not take office until after September 1. The Economist said that "preparations for Seattle started later and little common ground was found." Barchefsky was preoccupied with the WTO negotiations with the PRC and other trade disputes."
Abstract This paper examines how in Plato's philosophical work entitled "Gorgias", the philosopher's criticism of the method of rhetoric as a form of persuasion is the primary focus of Plato's written work. It shows how in the said philosophical and ethical discourse, Plato uses the character of Socrates as the voice or transmitter of the message that Plato wants to extend to his readers/audience. It shows how there is much evidence wherein Plato illustrates his disagreement with the rhetorical methods of persuasion, although he categorizes his disagreements with various issues where rhetorical methods are usually used.
From the Paper "In the same manner, the political institution and legal aspects of political governance is also another realm wherein Plato illustrates rhetoric as a faulty method of persuasion, and, in effect, information transmission and influencing other people with certain beliefs the speaker subsists to. Political governance is one crucial aspect wherein rhetoric is heavily used, especially in a courtroom scenario, which was cited at the initial and later part of Plato's ?Gorgias.? In the initial part of ?Gorgias,? Gorgias remarked that rhetoric is a method of persuasion wherein persuasion is the primary consideration, ?but not about (the determination and identification) right and wrong.? Also, in the latter part of work, Socrates is quoted as saying that rhetoric is crucial if applied in the realm of political governance because there is a possibility that a good rhetoric may be the way wherein an individual can be ?sentenced to death.? "
Abstract This paper discusses that the main difference between social democracy and capitalism lies in the disagreement over human nature and economics. Social democracy is founded on the premise that a certain amount of competitiveness will allow the production of economic growth. This growth, in turn, stimulates the economy further. The competitiveness, meanwhile, derives naturally from the human trait of self-interest. Communism, however, holds that there is no such thing as human nature. Both Marx and Rousseau believed that man was social and that both could be reshaped. In other words, self-interest was socially constructed and man could be changed to reject his own interest. The difference between communism and social democracy, therefore, centres precisely on this disagreement over human nature.
Abstract This paper explains that Karl Marx is considered in modern philosophy to be a left-wing Hegelian. The author points out that Marx disagreed with Hegel regarding the idea that the driving force in history is centered on man's intellectual prowess or spiritual need for connectivity. The paper relates that the fundamental disagreement between Hegel and Marx focused on God and property. The author underscores that Hegel believed God was at the center of theology but Marx totally replaced God's presence in society with the concept of the power of private property. The paper concludes that to say that Hegel did not believe in private property and Marx did is erroneous because Hegel also believed that private property was a means to satisfy man's needs: They simply differed on the use of such property.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Marxism
Hegel's Theory
Agreements and Disagreements Present Day Scholars
Conclusion
From the Paper "Reality is a contradictory and changeable force. It is with dialectical logic reality is understood for its dynamics involving what is going to be developed. Neither philosopher is a believer of Machiavelli whose writings centered around the way in which history teaches. Hegel and Marx believed that history does not really recur since the motivation of man changes. Human beings are a species that permits higher levels of consciousness and actualization. It is in this school of thought that history is believed to hold progress. Conflict of any kind is a part of progress."
An analysis of Eric McKitrick's assertion that the intense disagreement between Johnson and Congress regarding the postwar social and political structure of the South resulted in Johnson's political destruction.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, 2000, $ 36.95
From the Paper "Although the American Civil War effectively ended in April, 1865 with the surrenders of Confederate Generals Robert E. Lee and Albert S. Johnston surrendered in Virginia and North Carolina, respectively, the fight for the peace, that is, reconstruction, had merely begun. Reconstruction involved federal control of Southern state governments and the South's reincorporation into the union, its political reconstruction. Reconstruction began at the end of the Civil War, under the presidency of Andrew Johnson. Eric McKitrick asserts that the intense disagreement between Johnson and Congress regarding the postwar social and political structure of the South resulted in Johnson's political destruction. Andrew failed to satisfy Northern interests in Reconstruction, was enfeebled as a President and politician, and lost the Reconstruction battle to Congress."
Abstract This paper looks at the US debate over antitrust laws. Disagreements over antitrust policy range in scope from a consideration of the effectiveness of a specific policy to whether or not the entire model on which our laws are based is flawed at the core. Here an attempt is not made to give full answers to any of those questions. Instead, some examples are considered to help clarify the debate. Specifically, the competition in our free-market economy is considered, with some examples of specific policies in this area, and an example that illustrates differing opinions of the success or failure of the goals of those policies.
From the Paper "The single most frequently used word that one will encounter in researching almost any economic topic is "competition". This word can be defined in the economic sense as "a market situation characterized by a sufficiently large number of buyers and sellers so that no single buyer or seller can influence prices or quantities sold or bought in the market". The model of "pure competition" is, of course, illustrated by the horizontal demand curve of the firm versus the downward sloping demand curve of the industry. The fact that each firm is a price-taker and various other requirements, such as perfect knowledge and homogeneous products, exist in this model."
