Abstract
The paper discusses how Martin (n.d.) states that under the Americans with Disabilities Act every individual has the right to participate in recreational programs, regardless of disability (para. 1), yet, Martin (n.d.) indicates that this is still not often the case, as many parents and caretakers of the disabled can attest to (para. 1). The paper discusses how the Bay Area Outreach and Recreation Program was created to address the needs of disabled people within the San Francisco bay area by providing physical activities that improve self-esteem, build confidence and allow those with disabilities to develop strong physical skills ("Our", 2008, sec. 1). The paper explains that the reason behind the creation of this entity was due to the fact that over 73% of the disabled in society are unemployed, numerous teens with disabilities commit suicide every year and many individuals who develop disabilities "drop out of school" because of their inability to function effectively as a disabled person ("Our", 2008, sec. 4). The paper shows how the development of programs such as this addresses a need in society for the disabled that is not being addressed by those within the health care community on a large scale. Yet, the paper argues that it must be understood by health care workers, especially those in professions such as occupational and rehabilitative therapy, that integrated recreational programs for many with disabilities are not only focused on the physical aspect of recreation, but on building strength through confidence, self-esteem and social engagement. Therefore, an examination of the issues and programs that have been created in relation to individuals with head injuries, spinal cord injuries and patients that are confined to wheelchairs is accomplished. The results of these programs are analyzed and implications for the future of integrated recreational programs for the disabled are discussed.

Tags:occupational, therapy, disabled

Abstract
This study focuses on the disabled individuals and the public perceptions and opinions that prevent disabled individuals from the basic human right of sexual expression. It is denying people with emotional and physical needs the right to experience intimacy, and to share those experiences with others. Using the existing body of work and studies on sexuality and disabled individuals, this study helps to bring about changes in perception and opinions that create barriers, which prevent disabled people from having fulfilling and complete shared experiences and relationships with others. The paper demonstrates that sexual expression is a basic human right to which disabled people are entitled to experience.

Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Literature Review
Disabled People and Non-Disabled People: Perceptions in Retrospect
Sexual Expression and Mental Retardation
Acquired Disabilities and Sexual Expression
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Even though the disabled person was being used to promote awareness of HIV/AIDS, at the same time the media message was that it was becoming less of a problem, which is not accurate. However, it was important to use the image of a healthy looking afflicted person in order not to offend the healthy viewers, and to convey the message in a way that did not unsettle the viewer's level of comfort with the images and message."

Tags:physical, disabilities, promiscuity, sexuality, media, human, rights

Abstract
The paper discusses how with any disability, there will inevitably be a certain amount of social stigma attached to the very notion of disability itself. The paper then discusses how regardless of the nature of the disability, the social construction of disability is such that the individual capabilities of the individual are separated from that person and replaced with a number of stereotypical notions that, more often than not, do not describe the disabled individual. The paper examines the issue of an individual diagnosed with a learning disability, and shows how the term disability consequently magnifies the actual condition in such a way as to distort the individual's social identity (Coleman 142).

From the Paper
"With any disability, there will inevitably be a certain amount of social stigma attached to the very notion of disability itself. Regardless of the nature of the disability, the social construction of disability is such that the individual capabilities of the individual are separated from that person and replaced with a number of stereotypical notions that, more..."

Tags:stigma, disability, identity

Abstract
The paper relates that social study of disability is still comparatively underrepresented in both critical studies and activist cycles (Garland Thompson, "Disability Studies" 16; Chouinard 269; Shakespeare, 25). The paper explains that traditionally in the realm of more applied fields (medicine, law, social work), disability is entering the broader scholarly areas like philosophy, sociology, religion etc. (Garland Thompson, "Integrating Disability" 1). The paper asserts that one way of understanding and approaching disability in this more theoretical work is by "framing disability as a cultural reading of the body that has political and social consequences" (Garland Thompson, "Disability Studies" 17).

From the Paper
"Social study of disability is still comparatively underrepresented in both critical studies and activist cycles (Garland Thompson, "Disability Studies" 16; Chouinard 269; Shakespeare, 25). Traditionally in the realm of more applied fields (medicine, law, social work), disability is entering the broader scholarly areas like philosophy, sociology, religion etc. (Garland Thompson, "Integrating Disability" 1). One ways of understanding and approaching disability in this more theoretical work is by "framing disability as a cultural reading of the body that has political and social consequences" (Garland Thompson, "Disability Studies"..."

Tags:feminism, disability studies, gender

Abstract
In this paper, the advantages of therapeutic recreation for people with physical disabilities are analyzed. The paper discusses how recent legislation forbidding discrimination against those with disabilities has impacted this field. The legislation has stimulated recreational therapists, specialists and educators alike to take on a more active role in providing a wide range of physical and recreational activities for people who have physical disabilities. These activities typically work to help promote the quality of life among people who have disabilities and improve participation, interaction and understanding among their able bodied peers.

Outline:
Causes and Characteristics of Population - Physically Disabled
Importance of Recreation for Population
Role and Place of Recreation in Life
Overview of Legislation Affecting Disabled
Role and Use of Therapeutic Recreation
Specific Recreation Activities to Improve Functioning
Conclusions

From the Paper
"A person who has a physical disability may be defined in multiple ways. Henderson (1999) suggests that a disability can be defined "as a physical or mental impairment that restricts one or more aspects of a person's life" (22). This definition is supported by others who suggest that people who are disabled generally are limited with respect to their ability to participate in certain physical and recreation activities; this suggests a need to explore new ways for identifying how to help people who are disabled experience a full range of activities including physical and therapeutic recreational activities (Henderson, 2002; Austin & Crawford, 1996; Smith, Austin & Kennedy, 1996). "

Tags:recreational, therapy, disabled, Americans, with, Disabilities, Act

Abstract
This paper discusses discrimination against individuals with disabilities. The paper examines the history of this type of discrimination in America from the Disabilities Rights Movement to the inception of The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The paper also addresses conflict caused by comments made by Jerry Lewis, the MDA National Chairperson. The paper finds that while Lewis made discriminating slurs, his daily actions don't suggest a prejudice against those with disabilities. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.

From the Paper
"Disabled war veterans expected and demanded that the government provide rehabilitation services and vocational training, after what serving their country ultimately cost them. Assistance and advancements were finally introduced, leading to a greater awareness of disability matters. However, despite the positive progress that enabled people with disabilities much greater independence, the lack of access to buildings and other public areas, still significantly limited their employment options ("A Brief History of the Disability Rights Movement")."

Tags:disability impairment discrimination Disabilities Rights Movement, Americans with Disabilities Act

Abstract
This paper gives an in-depth examination of the rights of people with disabilities to education, which are defined and protected not only by the law but by policies enacted by our educational institutions. According to the paper, this ensures that accommodations will be made to aid students with disabilities in their studies. As a result, some might argue, in our contemporary classrooms children with disabilities have every possibility of academic achievement at par with their peers who do not possess disabilities. This essay argues, however, that this is not the case and that the law notwithstanding, students with disabilities face considerable challenges in their efforts to achieve an education.

From the Paper
"In Western countries such as Canada, the rights of people with disabilities to education are defined and protected not only by the law but by policies enacted by our educational institutions - at both the secondary and post-secondary levels - to ensure that accommodations will be made to aid students with disabilities in their studies. As a result, some might argue, in our contemporary classrooms children with disabilities have every possibility of academic achievement at par with their peers who do not possess disabilities. This essay will argue,..."

Tags:disability, education, studies

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the past few decades, technology and computer systems have undergone dramatic changes, reflecting the changes in our culture today. The writer points out that as contemporary society becomes increasingly diverse and complex, so do the processes involving computer science. Advancements in computer science have brought jobs to thousands of people with disabilities, including those with spinal cord injuries and vision loss. Fast computers and broadband connections have become so inexpensive and reliable that location is no longer an issue for certain opportunities, such as customer service jobs and online education. The writer maintains that a review of the literature indicates that on a global level, the number of individuals with disabilities is increasing, in addition to technological advancements that aid their disabilities. This paper analyzes and discusses the manner in which computers aid disabled individuals and concludes with recommendations for the future.

Outline:
Introduction
Assistance Provided by Computers
Computers & Disabled Students
Computers & Recreational Activities
Barriers to Computer Use
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Technological advancements in computer science have assisted in that disabled students can attend classrooms with non-disabled students with the aid of certain computer advancements. Technological advancements have caused placement in special classes or removal from the regular education setting only when the disability is so severe that satisfactory education cannot be achieved in regular classes with the use of supplementary supports.
"Computer science has also assisted disabled students in attending institutions of higher learning. Physical, learning, and health-related disabled students are attending college in increasing numbers and usually require accommodations to maximize their educational opportunities. The complexity of this student body produces multiple educational goals, learning approaches, and situational factors present many new challenges unknown in prior years."

Tags:disabilities, difficulties, impairments, students

Abstract
This paper addresses the failure of the Disability Services Center (DSC)of the University of California of Irvine to provide adequate testing facilities and space, the Center's poor utilization of technology for internal systems, and an internal and external misunderstanding of the necessity for their services and why those services are critical to the student with a disability. The paper suggests that the University needs to invest in technology to research and justify expansion of DSC space, testing facilities for reasonable testing accommodations, and advanced training in web technology. The paper also advocates the need to make the students, administrative staff, and the general public more aware of the needs of disabled students. Finally, the paper suggests transitioning to a more web-based system, which would simplify the systems at the DSC.

Table of Contents:
Executive Summary & Introduction
Literature Review
Problem Description
Research Study Setting: The Disability Services Center
Methods
Results: Hypothesis
Data Analysis
Discussion
Design Recommendations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is very apparent from the research that the DSC needs to address the cumbersome paper system. A web based questionnaire, or e-mail survey (not PDF form) one that could be filled in by the professor, and then returned and put into a database, would help eliminate much cumbersome repetitive filling out of forms by both students and professors. It would also create expectancy. If professors have discussed the reasonable accommodations with students, faculty will expect the required forms to come by one particular communication vehicle. If everything is sent out via e-mail, both the professor and DSC staff will expect it. As the professor indicated, the web might be a better way to address the issue, with professors and students signing on to complete necessary paperwork. This eliminates looking through a lot of junk mail or junk e-mail. This web based system would also allow the student to check back and make sure the faculty member had signed off or did the necessary work to make the reasonable testing accommodation occur. This creation of this type of system could take a lot of paperwork off the DSC."

Tags:equal opportunity, disabled access handicapped testing test-taking exams, American With Disabilities Act

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the effects of a physical disability on the family unit. The writer looks at whether family members and others in the medical and mental health fields are doing enough to ensure that patients that must deal with disabilities get the best care possible for all of their needs. The writer maintains that family members and medical professionals often look only at the physical aspects of the disability and therefore they do not do enough to study and help the emotional and behavioral issues that may also come along with certain physical disabilities, such as anxiety stemming from the diagnosis and the worry that comes along with that diagnosis. The writer concludes that more focus on specific disabilities would likely also be very helpful when it comes to looking at mental and emotional health issues and how family members react to those kinds of problems.

Outline:
Main Area of Study
Brief Review of the Literature
Critique of the Literature

From the Paper
"The main issue that must be dealt with here is whether family members and others in the medical and mental health fields are doing enough to ensure that patients that must deal with disabilities get the best care possible for all of their needs. As has been mentioned, family members and medical professionals often look only at the physical aspects of the disability and therefore they do not do enough to study and help the emotional and behavioral issues that may also come along with these types of physical disabilities, such as anxiety stemming from the diagnosis and the worry that comes along with that diagnosis. When someone has a physical disability that can be cured, the suffering from it and the problems that they face with it are usually relatively short-lived and overall these kinds of physical disabilities do not contribute to long-term pain and significant mental or emotional problems.
"However, where a chronic or permanent disability is concerned, patients and their families must deal with the physical disability for a much greater period of time, and the emotional stress that this places on the family can become very uncomfortable and painful for them if there is no effective way of treating it or no outlet for the feelings that the patient and the family often has where the physical disability is concerned."

Tags:treatment, disabled, patient, cope