Abstract This paper describes legal framework requiring employers to make reasonable accommodations for certain classes of workers such as pregnant women, the disabledworker, and individuals who are members of faith communities requiring specific participation in worship.
From the Paper "The concept of reasonable accommodation emerges from a variety of laws and regulations promulgated in order to eliminate discrimination in the workplace that is based on for example an employee's age religion disability ..."
Abstract The paper discusses several laws that are the basis for workers' compensation benefits in America. The paper looks at the Federal Employment Compensation Act that addresses cases of disability or death occurring while carrying out job related responsibilities. The paper also refers to other laws geared towards illnesses or health concerns that have arisen from working in certain industries. Finally, the paper considers potential improvements to workers compensation programs.
Outline:
Introduction
Workers Compensation
Improvements to Worker's Compensation
From the Paper "Worker's compensation is defined as "a policy conforming to state law, which pays benefits to an employee (or an employee's family) if the employee suffers a job-related injury (including death), or disease related to work (Insurance Glossary)." According to the Legal information institute of Cornell Law School, there are also some laws that are designed to shelter employers and workers by by placing limitations on the amount of compensation an injured employee can receive and by removing the liability of co-workers when accidents occur. The legal information institute also explains that compensation statutes for stateworkers are ussually the standard used for private employees. "
Abstract The paper identifies some of the potential problems a company may have in hiring developmentally challenged workers, and makes recommendations for addressing those problems. It assesses corporate obligations under government regulations. The writer concludes that there is a place for handicapped workers in the business world, under certain conditions.
From the Paper "When it comes to integrating, training, supervising and empowering the more developmentally disabled, one mistake that could easily be made is to separate them, and isolate them from the rest of the work force. It is important that company guidelines, an employee handbook of regulations, and a staff meeting resolve the problems when a developmentally disabled person is hired and assigned to a specific group or division. The goal must be to create an effective work environment. Yes, some supervision may initially require lengthier training and adjustment time, but the eventual goal of any company willing, able, even anxious to give developmentally challenged workers an opportunity is to create an atmosphere of "human value management". "Human value management can be described in one short phrase: create value through and with people." (Fitz-Enz, 1990, p. 45) It must be clearly understood by managers, supervisors, as well as "ordinary" workers, that developmentally challenged co-workers are not being given job opportunities merely out of charity. They are able and willing to contribute. They are not "dummies", perhaps only slower to learn and adapt. It is important to communicate to every worker that these people were hired because they can contribute, but may need some help in "getting up to speed". It would be a good idea for the Human Resources Department to appoint one staff member to meet with the developmentally challenged workers on a regular basis as a means of listening to their problems, trying to solve them, and to praise them for valuable contributions to the overall product or services output. More than others, these workers need reassurance and the knowledge that management cares about their feelings, their problems, and their accomplishments."
Abstract This paper looks at the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) that targets discrimination against mentally or physically impaired individuals. The paper discusses the benefits to the disabledworker but notes the disadvantages posed to employers. The paper discusses how affirmative action in the context of the ADA can possibly work if the present ambiguous boundaries are defined.
From the Paper "The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is a broad act passed by Congress on January 23, 1990 in response to the pervasiveness of outright discrimination against mentally or physically impaired individuals. Although discrimination with regard to age, sex, religion, ethnic origin, color or race has been observed among individuals and who have been wronged merely by being in one of these categories is prosecutable under current law, it was found that people with disabilities possessed no such legal protection."
Abstract Discusses barriers to employment, the need for workplace protections to prevent discrimination, laws and regulations that protect Americans with disabilities, and the need to enforce the laws.
From the Paper "Over the past three decades there have been a number of important advances made in terms of employment for Americans with disabilities. A number of laws, regulations, and federal initiatives have worked ..."
Abstract This study focuses on the disabled individuals and the public perceptions and opinions that prevent disabled individuals from the basic human right of sexual expression. It is denying people with emotional and physical needs the right to experience intimacy, and to share those experiences with others. Using the existing body of work and studies on sexuality and disabled individuals, this study helps to bring about changes in perception and opinions that create barriers, which prevent disabled people from having fulfilling and complete shared experiences and relationships with others. The paper demonstrates that sexual expression is a basic human right to which disabled people are entitled to experience.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Literature Review
Disabled People and Non-Disabled People: Perceptions in Retrospect
Sexual Expression and Mental Retardation
Acquired Disabilities and Sexual Expression
Conclusion
From the Paper "Even though the disabled person was being used to promote awareness of HIV/AIDS, at the same time the media message was that it was becoming less of a problem, which is not accurate. However, it was important to use the image of a healthy looking afflicted person in order not to offend the healthy viewers, and to convey the message in a way that did not unsettle the viewer's level of comfort with the images and message."
Tags: physical, disabilities, promiscuity, sexuality, media, human, rights
Abstract In this paper, the advantages of therapeutic recreation for people with physical disabilities are analyzed. The paper discusses how recent legislation forbidding discrimination against those with disabilities has impacted this field. The legislation has stimulated recreational therapists, specialists and educators alike to take on a more active role in providing a wide range of physical and recreational activities for people who have physical disabilities. These activities typically work to help promote the quality of life among people who have disabilities and improve participation, interaction and understanding among their able bodied peers.
Outline:
Causes and Characteristics of Population - Physically Disabled Importance of Recreation for Population
Role and Place of Recreation in Life
Overview of Legislation Affecting Disabled Role and Use of Therapeutic Recreation
Specific Recreation Activities to Improve Functioning
Conclusions
From the Paper "A person who has a physical disability may be defined in multiple ways. Henderson (1999) suggests that a disability can be defined "as a physical or mental impairment that restricts one or more aspects of a person's life" (22). This definition is supported by others who suggest that people who are disabled generally are limited with respect to their ability to participate in certain physical and recreation activities; this suggests a need to explore new ways for identifying how to help people who are disabled experience a full range of activities including physical and therapeutic recreational activities (Henderson, 2002; Austin & Crawford, 1996; Smith, Austin & Kennedy, 1996). "
A discussion of the lack of adequate facilities and technology for disabled university students at the University of California of Irvine and a proposed solution to this problem.
Abstract This paper addresses the failure of the Disability Services Center (DSC)of the University of California of Irvine to provide adequate testing facilities and space, the Center's poor utilization of technology for internal systems, and an internal and external misunderstanding of the necessity for their services and why those services are critical to the student with a disability. The paper suggests that the University needs to invest in technology to research and justify expansion of DSC space, testing facilities for reasonable testing accommodations, and advanced training in web technology. The paper also advocates the need to make the students, administrative staff, and the general public more aware of the needs of disabled students. Finally, the paper suggests transitioning to a more web-based system, which would simplify the systems at the DSC.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary & Introduction
Literature Review
Problem Description
Research Study Setting: The Disability Services Center
Methods
Results: Hypothesis
Data Analysis
Discussion
Design Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper "It is very apparent from the research that the DSC needs to address the cumbersome paper system. A web based questionnaire, or e-mail survey (not PDF form) one that could be filled in by the professor, and then returned and put into a database, would help eliminate much cumbersome repetitive filling out of forms by both students and professors. It would also create expectancy. If professors have discussed the reasonable accommodations with students, faculty will expect the required forms to come by one particular communication vehicle. If everything is sent out via e-mail, both the professor and DSC staff will expect it. As the professor indicated, the web might be a better way to address the issue, with professors and students signing on to complete necessary paperwork. This eliminates looking through a lot of junk mail or junk e-mail. This web based system would also allow the student to check back and make sure the faculty member had signed off or did the necessary work to make the reasonable testing accommodation occur. This creation of this type of system could take a lot of paperwork off the DSC."
Tags: equal opportunity, disabled access handicapped testing test-taking exams, American With Disabilities Act
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the effects of a physical disability on the family unit. The writer looks at whether family members and others in the medical and mental health fields are doing enough to ensure that patients that must deal with disabilities get the best care possible for all of their needs. The writer maintains that family members and medical professionals often look only at the physical aspects of the disability and therefore they do not do enough to study and help the emotional and behavioral issues that may also come along with certain physical disabilities, such as anxiety stemming from the diagnosis and the worry that comes along with that diagnosis. The writer concludes that more focus on specific disabilities would likely also be very helpful when it comes to looking at mental and emotional health issues and how family members react to those kinds of problems.
Outline:
Main Area of Study
Brief Review of the Literature
Critique of the Literature
From the Paper "The main issue that must be dealt with here is whether family members and others in the medical and mental health fields are doing enough to ensure that patients that must deal with disabilities get the best care possible for all of their needs. As has been mentioned, family members and medical professionals often look only at the physical aspects of the disability and therefore they do not do enough to study and help the emotional and behavioral issues that may also come along with these types of physical disabilities, such as anxiety stemming from the diagnosis and the worry that comes along with that diagnosis. When someone has a physical disability that can be cured, the suffering from it and the problems that they face with it are usually relatively short-lived and overall these kinds of physical disabilities do not contribute to long-term pain and significant mental or emotional problems.
"However, where a chronic or permanent disability is concerned, patients and their families must deal with the physical disability for a much greater period of time, and the emotional stress that this places on the family can become very uncomfortable and painful for them if there is no effective way of treating it or no outlet for the feelings that the patient and the family often has where the physical disability is concerned."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that in the past few decades, technology and computer systems have undergone dramatic changes, reflecting the changes in our culture today. The writer points out that as contemporary society becomes increasingly diverse and complex, so do the processes involving computer science. Advancements in computer science have brought jobs to thousands of people with disabilities, including those with spinal cord injuries and vision loss. Fast computers and broadband connections have become so inexpensive and reliable that location is no longer an issue for certain opportunities, such as customer service jobs and online education. The writer maintains that a review of the literature indicates that on a global level, the number of individuals with disabilities is increasing, in addition to technological advancements that aid their disabilities. This paper analyzes and discusses the manner in which computers aid disabled individuals and concludes with recommendations for the future.
Outline:
Introduction
Assistance Provided by Computers
Computers & Disabled Students
Computers & Recreational Activities
Barriers to Computer Use
Conclusion
From the Paper "Technological advancements in computer science have assisted in that disabled students can attend classrooms with non-disabled students with the aid of certain computer advancements. Technological advancements have caused placement in special classes or removal from the regular education setting only when the disability is so severe that satisfactory education cannot be achieved in regular classes with the use of supplementary supports.
"Computer science has also assisted disabled students in attending institutions of higher learning. Physical, learning, and health-related disabled students are attending college in increasing numbers and usually require accommodations to maximize their educational opportunities. The complexity of this student body produces multiple educational goals, learning approaches, and situational factors present many new challenges unknown in prior years."
Tags:disabilities, difficulties, impairments, students
Abstract This paper looks at how the disabled have been discriminated against in the U.S., past public policy that enforced this discrimination, and recent changes to legislation and policy that are designed to eliminate discrimination and protect the rights of individuals with disabilities. Finally, the paper presents both the arguments in favor of disability policies and laws, as well as the arguments, opposed to disability policies and laws.
From the Paper "Public policy was made up of state and private/corporate policies until the middle of the 1950s, when things began to change, however, wrongheadedly by making those with disabilities ?sick.? But some recognition was better than none, and at least opened the door to a changing approach over time. With the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, many thought the change was complete. They hadn"t reckoned with state's desires to circumvent paying off for their prior misdeeds. They hadn"t reckoned with the huge, although apparently temporary, outcry from business that making accommodations to facilities as required by the law would bankrupt them."
Abstract This paper begins by listing the sections of the "Americans with Disabilities Act." The sections are: Employment, Public Services, Public Accommodations, Telecommunications and Miscellaneous. The paper explores each of these sections briefly and then discusses the history of the movement for equality for disabled Americans. The author discusses the disabilities of U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt. The paper also looks into Jerry Lewis's yearly telethons which benefited the Muscular Dystrophy Association, but were associated with a negative influence on the rights of disabled people.
From the Paper "Title I states that a business must provide reasonable accommodations to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities in all aspects of employment, and may include restructuring jobs, changing the layout of workstations, or modifying equipment (ADA). Other aspects may include the application process, hiring, wages, benefits, and all other aspects of employment, as well as highly regulated medical examinations (ADA). Employers cannot ask job applicants about the existence, nature or severity of a disability, however applicants may be asked about their ability to perform specific job functions (Facts). A job offer may be conditioned on the results of a medical examination, yet only if the examination is required for all entering employees in similar jobs (Facts). Medical examinations of employees must be related to the job and consistent with the employer's business needs (Facts). Under Title II, public services, including state and local government instrumentalities, the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, and other commuter authorities, cannot deny services to individuals with disabilities; participation in programs or activities that are available to those without disabilities, and public transportation systems, such as public transit buses, must by accessible to individuals with disabilities (ADA). Title III states that all new construction and modifications must be accessible to individuals with disabilities, and barriers to services must be removed if readily achievable for existing facilities (ADA). Public accommodations include facilities such as restaurants, hotels, grocery stores, retail stores, as well as privately owned transportation systems (ADA). Under Title IV, telecommunications companies offering telephone service to the general public must have telephone relay service to individuals use devices for the deaf, TTYs, or similar devices (ADA). Title V includes a provision that prohibits either coercing or threatening, or retaliating against the disabled or those attempting to aid a disabled person in asserting their rights under the ADA (ADA). "
Abstract This paper explores the degree to which these books represent a social understanding of disability. The author points out that this approach differs from ethnographic approaches or the documentation of disability through quantitative techniques such as surveys in that it addresses issues related to disability within a social framework.
From the Paper "This essay will explore the degree to which Tanya Titchkosky, in Disability, Self and Society, Jenny Morris in Pride Against Prejudice and Simi Linton in Claiming Disability all represent a social understanding of disability. This approach differs from ethnographic approaches or the documentation of disability through quantitative techniques such as surveys in that it addresses issues related to disability within a social framework (Titchkosky, 6-7)."
Abstract This research paper presents a view on the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The paper looks at the history of the act, what it addresses, the problems associated with implementation and how it impacts the disabled. This paper takes a particular point of view of the learning disabled college student and discusses how the ADA affects that population.
From the Paper "In 1990 Congress created the Americans with Disabilities Act. It was a sweeping legislation that encompassed virtually every aspect of American life - from work and school to commerce and transportation. It was divided into many different areas of influence, but perhaps one of the strongest was its working in conjunction with both the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, in terms of providing for the education, facilities, faculty, services and support for students with disabilities of all kinds. The ADA succeeded in forcing schools and school districts to provide access for those with disabilities to all school buildings through its provision that no American could be discriminated against, either directly or indirectly (with some exceptions) because of their disability."
Abstract This paper summarizes results of four interviews. Two of the interviews are with people who do not know anyone who has an intellectual disability. Two interviews are done with people who know someone with an intellectual disability. According to this paper, often people who do not know anyone with an intellectual disability, think about people who are severely mentally retarded. People who know someone with an intellectual disability are more knowledgable.
