Abstract
In this paper, the advantages of therapeutic recreation for people with physical disabilities are analyzed. The paper discusses how recent legislation forbidding discrimination against those with disabilities has impacted this field. The legislation has stimulated recreational therapists, specialists and educators alike to take on a more active role in providing a wide range of physical and recreational activities for people who have physical disabilities. These activities typically work to help promote the quality of life among people who have disabilities and improve participation, interaction and understanding among their able bodied peers.

Outline:
Causes and Characteristics of Population - Physically Disabled
Importance of Recreation for Population
Role and Place of Recreation in Life
Overview of Legislation Affecting Disabled
Role and Use of Therapeutic Recreation
Specific Recreation Activities to Improve Functioning
Conclusions

From the Paper
"A person who has a physical disability may be defined in multiple ways. Henderson (1999) suggests that a disability can be defined "as a physical or mental impairment that restricts one or more aspects of a person's life" (22). This definition is supported by others who suggest that people who are disabled generally are limited with respect to their ability to participate in certain physical and recreation activities; this suggests a need to explore new ways for identifying how to help people who are disabled experience a full range of activities including physical and therapeutic recreational activities (Henderson, 2002; Austin & Crawford, 1996; Smith, Austin & Kennedy, 1996). "

Tags:recreational, therapy, disabled, Americans, with, Disabilities, Act

Abstract
The paper discusses how although the definition of learning disabilities continues to be ambiguous, and is continually evolving, there is a consensus that a common feature of those students diagnosed with learning disabilities is that they have difficulties with social relationships (Elias, 2004). The paper shows how the field of learning disabilities is fraught with controversies, for example, are learning disabilities the result of innate differences, or are they the result of poor nutrition or inadequate positive influences in the home?

From the Paper
"Although the definition of learning disabilities continues to be ambiguous, and is continually evolving, there is a consensus that a common feature of those students diagnosed with learning disabilities is that they have difficulties with social relationships (Elias, 2004). Indeed, the field of learning disabilities is fraught with controversies. For example, are learning disabilities the result of innate differences, or..."

Tags:education, learning, disabilities

Abstract
This paper examines the function of the Office of Specialized Services, which has as it functions to support schools in providing the highest quality of education for students with disabilities. According to the paper, it must also support schools in meeting the needs of students with disabilities physically, socially and emotionally. Schools offer students with disabilities educational services, health services and education, social and emotional services and professional development and training. The goal of these special services is to prepare students with disabilities for graduation, employment in order to lead productive independent lives.

From the Paper
"Students with Disabilities Define mental retardation, autism, severe disabilities, and multiple disabilities, their causes, and the impact of the disabilities on the education of the student with mental retardation: Intellectual disabilities are defined by below-average mental ability scores and limitations of function in daily living. Limited function in daily living includes self-care, communication and social interaction. Intellectual disabilities are often synonymous with mental retardation and/or cognitive disabilities ("Intellectual Disabilities", 2008). Mentally retarded children can still function and learn new skills, the..."

Tags:intellectual, developmental, disabilities

Abstract
The paper discusses how too often, those with physical, mental or emotional disabilities are portrayed and viewed by society as deviant, sick, abnormal or are feared. The paper asserts that this societal view is stigmatizing and damaging to those with disabilities. The paper then shows how in recent years, members of the disabilty community have started to advocate the health and media systems to portray their illnesses and disabilities as normal.

From the Paper
"Individuals with physical and mental health disabilities are often viewed by society as being handicapped. In other words there are viewed by society as having a condition that limits what they are able to do and how much they are able to participate in society. However, those with disabilities and sociologists would argue that is it not the physical or mental health issue that handicaps them, but instead they are handicapped by how society is socially and physically constructed. Society is not physically structured to work for everyone; it is instead..."

Tags:disabilities, sick role, society

Abstract
This paper begins by listing the sections of the "Americans with Disabilities Act." The sections are: Employment, Public Services, Public Accommodations, Telecommunications and Miscellaneous. The paper explores each of these sections briefly and then discusses the history of the movement for equality for disabled Americans. The author discusses the disabilities of U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt. The paper also looks into Jerry Lewis's yearly telethons which benefited the Muscular Dystrophy Association, but were associated with a negative influence on the rights of disabled people.

From the Paper
"Title I states that a business must provide reasonable accommodations to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities in all aspects of employment, and may include restructuring jobs, changing the layout of workstations, or modifying equipment (ADA). Other aspects may include the application process, hiring, wages, benefits, and all other aspects of employment, as well as highly regulated medical examinations (ADA). Employers cannot ask job applicants about the existence, nature or severity of a disability, however applicants may be asked about their ability to perform specific job functions (Facts). A job offer may be conditioned on the results of a medical examination, yet only if the examination is required for all entering employees in similar jobs (Facts). Medical examinations of employees must be related to the job and consistent with the employer's business needs (Facts). Under Title II, public services, including state and local government instrumentalities, the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, and other commuter authorities, cannot deny services to individuals with disabilities; participation in programs or activities that are available to those without disabilities, and public transportation systems, such as public transit buses, must by accessible to individuals with disabilities (ADA). Title III states that all new construction and modifications must be accessible to individuals with disabilities, and barriers to services must be removed if readily achievable for existing facilities (ADA). Public accommodations include facilities such as restaurants, hotels, grocery stores, retail stores, as well as privately owned transportation systems (ADA). Under Title IV, telecommunications companies offering telephone service to the general public must have telephone relay service to individuals use devices for the deaf, TTYs, or similar devices (ADA). Title V includes a provision that prohibits either coercing or threatening, or retaliating against the disabled or those attempting to aid a disabled person in asserting their rights under the ADA (ADA). "

Tags:Disabilities, handicapped, Muscular, Dystrophy, Accessibility

Abstract
This paper addresses disabilities and programs related to them, as well as the place of social work in these programs. The two programs concentrated on are the Social Services Disability benefits and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Qualification and assessment for these programs is explained in detail.

Tags:SOCIOLOGY / CRIMINAL JUSTICE, SOCIAL WELFARE, disabilities social services

Abstract
This research paper presents a view on the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The paper looks at the history of the act, what it addresses, the problems associated with implementation and how it impacts the disabled. This paper takes a particular point of view of the learning disabled college student and discusses how the ADA affects that population.

From the Paper
"In 1990 Congress created the Americans with Disabilities Act. It was a sweeping legislation that encompassed virtually every aspect of American life - from work and school to commerce and transportation. It was divided into many different areas of influence, but perhaps one of the strongest was its working in conjunction with both the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, in terms of providing for the education, facilities, faculty, services and support for students with disabilities of all kinds. The ADA succeeded in forcing schools and school districts to provide access for those with disabilities to all school buildings through its provision that no American could be discriminated against, either directly or indirectly (with some exceptions) because of their disability."

Tags:ada, learning, disabilities

Abstract
This paper presents a discussion of the variables that affect the learning performance in the classroom for children with disabilities(learning styles, discipline, parent involvement, teaching style). The paper describes the learning and behavioral problems of children with disabilities in the classroom and discusses the need for modifications to the curriculum to serve this student population.

From the Paper
"As a result of their cognitive, social, emotional and behavioral impairments, children with disabilities often exhibit learning and behavioral problems that undermine their learning performance in the classroom. These deficits interfere with their ability to attend to the teachers and complete their tasks. Furthermore, their low tolerance threshold for frustration and rigidities often prevent them from acquiring new knowledge and skills. To address these issues confronted by educators of children with disabilities, researchers have identified variables that affect the learning performance of these children in the classroom."

Tags:Variables that affect the learning performance in the classroom for children with disabilities(learning styles, discipline, parent involvement, teaching style )

Abstract
This paper discusses the educational issue of learning disabilities, examines current theories, compares diagnostic procedures, and analyzes various teaching strategies currently being used to help children with learning disabilities.

Tags:learning, disabilities

Abstract
This paper provides an experiment that tests the hypothesis that the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA) presents a problem for regular education teachers in public schools as it detracts from the time that they are able to spend instructing and aiding regular students because they are busy with the integrated disabled students. Hypothesis testing ideas included in this table are those of null hypothesis, alternative (statistical) hypothesis, significance, level, Type 1 and Type 2 error and internal validity threats.

From the Paper
"In the United States of the 1970s, there was educational legislation passed by the U.S. government under the name of the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act, or the IDEA. The IDEA strove to level the playing field for the nation's many children suffering from disabilities, be they physical or mental in nature, by requiring that these students be incorporated into the "least restrictive" environment of regular classrooms, instead of their traditional setting of special education classrooms (The Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA) 1-2). However, this legislation has been thought to be somewhat detrimental to the educational environment of the "regular" students in classrooms, as teachers might be diverted from helping these students while attending to the many and varied needs of the disabled students."

Tags:education, disabilities, experiment