Abstract
This paper discusses how stage directions are an essential part of a play and allow for a fuller meaning to be shared with the audience. In particular, it looks at how "Cyrano De Bergerac" and "The Visit" are superb examples of manipulating stage direction to present a deeper emotional meaning and sense of omniscient knowing into each act. The paper examines how both Durrenmatt and Rostand use stage directions to foreshadow an impending doom to add to the ambiance of the situation and the overall plot and how, by analyzing the way Durrenmatt and Rostand used stage directions like silence, darkness, and seasons then comparing the effects, the relative success and importance of this literary technique can be determined.

From the Paper
"The most frequent form of foreshadowing is the silence and darkness in The Visit and Cyrano, respectively. The silence motif is expressed very early in The Visit, presented for the first time in act one. "Deathly silence" (Durrenmatt, 35) is the first time the audience is hinted to an impending doom. 'Deathly' is the key word, and while there are several times when silence is mentioned without this word, the times when it is mentioned are all the more important. In Cyrano, the common foreshadowing stage direction is the darkness. This unlike in The Visit is mentioned much later in the play. It is not until the middle of act five that darkness is seen as an imminent force. "It grows darker as night comes on imperceptibly" (Rostand, 120). The darkness grows deeper and then fades from dusk to night on page 121. Both the darkness and silence show each characters death in a looming fashion. Silence is played out for a much longer time adding to the suspense in The Visit but the incessant darkness in Cyrano seems to aid more so to the quick rise in action at the end of the play. "

Tags:doom, plot

Abstract
This paper discusses the psychology of change as presented in the book, "When Firms Change Direction". It looks at the authors' use of cognitive theory when discussing change in businesses, their emphasis on the need for sufficient time to promote changes, the problem of cynicism and suspicion faced by those who would initiate change, and the problem of what the book's authors term "true believers".

From the Paper
"Among the most important points that the authors make is the fact that even when people want to make and succeed in making changes, they have difficulties in making those changes last. Even most desired significant changes fail to be last although there are often substantial resources committed by the organization to make the change take effect. These changes fail to be adapted not because of any "mistake" that is made in the plan itself but rather because of the fundamental nature of human cognition."

Tags:cognitive, elements, strategy, organization, workplace, management

Abstract
This paper provides a detailed examination of some newer applications of cognitive behavioral therapy, including the treatment of psychosis. The paper notes that a few years ago, most psychologists and psychiatrists were pessimistic about the possibility of helping psychotic patients other than by drug treatment. When applied to psychosis, the paper explains, cognitive therapy (CT) is based on the same principles that apply for standard cognitive therapy for emotional disorders. The paper also discusses the use of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating alcohol dependence, particularly in the elderly. The paper concludes that future directions should also include a consideration of the possible side-effects of cognitive therapy. Normalizing cognitive therapy hopefully minimizes side-effects, but problems such as stigmatization, pathologizing the variety of human experience and increased short-term distress remain possibilities.

Outline:
Question 1
Introduction
Trauma-Based Strategies
Behavioural Reattribution
Behavioural Experiments
Treatment Phases
Conclusion
Question 2
Treatment of Alcohol Misuse
Studies of Moderation-Orientated Treatment
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Behavioural experiments are central to effective CT for psychosis. Beliefs about voices and delusional ideas are frequently translatable into testable hypotheses that can be collaboratively investigated by patient and therapist. Behavioural experiments should be designed very carefully to ensure a 'no-lose' outcome (Wessler, 1986). Predictions should be stated in a concrete way, and the possible results should be reviewed in advance to ensure that the outcome is meaningful and will not be dismissed or accommodated within the problematic belief system. Examples of behavioural experiments include the use of activity scheduling to evaluate beliefs about the consequences of activity or the lack of pleasure (which can be helpful for negative symptoms) or exposure to feared situations in order to evaluate beliefs about voices or paranoid ideas (Wessler, 1986)."

Tags:alcoholic, psychotic, substance, elderly

Abstract
The paper examines a number of career development theories as they apply to the cases of Pat and Marla, two young people who are at a point in their lives when decisions about career directions are of paramount importance. The paper suggests that all of these theories are valid in their own ways, but Holland and Krumboltz provide especially insightful ideas and intellectual paradigms.

From the Paper
"The following paper will briefly consider Pat and Marla, two young people coming of age and coming to terms with who they are and what they are. Over the next few pages, a closer examination of some general developmental theories - developmental theories which might explain the thinking and behavior of Pat and Marla - will be advanced. In the end, what this paper should underscore is the complexity of human beings and the battery of theories which have been developed to explain them. Under general trait theory, which basically holds that some people are born leaders while others are not, it is clear that Pat is a leader. He takes the initiative; he seeks out responsibility; he wants to help people. There is no evidence - yet - that Pat is a "Grand Person", but there is little reason to doubt that he can become one."

Tags:career, counseling, theories

Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the choices General Motors Corporation must make in order to remain a viable competitor in the American automotive industry as well as world wide. Various aspects of the recent economic downturn are discussed and how they have impacted GM's business. Additionally, the paper suggests alternatives that GM must undertake to preserve its market share. These include restructuring the business, selling off underperforming brands, slashing its workforce and re-focusing the company on hybrid technology. The paper also suggests prioritizing cultural and creative change at General Motors. Additionally, the paper recommends placing emphasis on operational issues first and foremost. The paper concludes by stating the company could choose to do nothing and simply ride out the economic storm by relying on its highly-recognizable brands, hoping that as their financial position improves, the company can take steps to re-build its market share.

From the Paper
"The first alternative is to move forward quickly with restructuring the business. This will require the company to immediately cut or sell off underperforming brands, slash its workforce and re-focus the company on hybrid technology. The assumption is that the existing management team, under company man and new CEO Fritz Henderson (Moore, 2009), is capable to making the necessary financial and operational changes needed to turn the company around. This alternative will allow GM to catch up to their competitors in the hybrid segment and operate a leaner company in general. There is the risk, however, that this solution is a short-term fix. The issues with respect to culture and accountability will still remain. The view is that these problems will take years to properly address and in the meantime, the company still needs to be competitive. This option is favored by the existing management team and the Obama administration, which put the new CEO in place and has significant influence over this administration's decisions."

Tags:stakeholders, automotive industry, bankruptcy, United Auto Workers

Abstract
The paper analyzes the three important elements in the discussion of the Christian walk that are worth noting in "Pilgrim's Progress" (John Bunyan) and "Robinson Crusoe" (Daniel Defoe). It shows, firstly, that Christianity leads to salvation. Secondly, that Christianity has its prices and sacrifice must be made. Finally the paper shows that, with an emphasis on persistence and perseverance, a much-needed discipline develops.

From the Paper
"The debate over the interpretation and importance of the Christian message capstones the development of a society whether in a Christian or Non-Christian setting. A person can say that the idea of a higher power regulating the mind and deciding right or wrong within the person's psyche is God or some other force, but the fact still remains that the higher power exists. This idea presents important controversy for scientists and writers alike to keep exploring because the development and the evolution of the mind never stops and is always changing."

Tags:salvation, Protestant, Evangelist

Abstract
This paper explains that the existence of a union within a team culture can be detrimental to promoting the fundamental concepts of self-directed teamwork. The author points out that, while it would seem that the political problems could possibly be overcome as trust builds over time, the basic problems are the seniority provisions of collective bargaining agreements versus the basic concepts of self-directed teamwork. The paper states that, as long as the seniority rules with respect to job promotions and craft boundaries continue to exist, unionized companies will never be able to fully realize the benefits of a self-directed team-based work force and, if not corrected, unionized companies will continue to pay out huge production bonuses but only get a fraction of the pay off.

Table of Contents
Terms Defined
The Issue of Union Seniority versus Team Culture
Union Politics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the 1980's, while American manufacturing companies were utilizing organizational charts and multi-layered management personnel, foreign countries were restructuring their organizations to be streamlined, flexible, and responsive to customer needs. Consequently, American manufacturers lost a significant amount of business to the foreign markets. Many of the foreign manufacturers were practicing the principle that each employee had unused potential and that all organizations could run leaner by encouraging greater levels of employee participation. Manufacturers began to realize that to meet the demand for shorter delivery time and higher customer satisfaction, employees at the lower levels would have to become more responsible for the outcome of the product."

Tags:directed, seniority, employee, promotions, boundaries

Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a study of Foreign Direct Investment. The writer looks at its characteristics and the reasons it is advantageous. The writer then looks at Viet Nam and determines its history relative to foreign direct investment and the related reasons.

From the Paper
"A little over thirty years ago, the United States withdrew from Viet Nam in what amounted to the only military defeat in its history. In another fifty or a hundred years historians can decide if it really was a defeat or simply a military and diplomatic blunder of incredible proportions. In years later the United States and the Peoples Republic of Viet Nam signed a Bilateral Trade Agreement ..."

Tags:Foreign Direct Investment portfolio, export platforms, Viet Nam

Abstract
This essay answers the question of whether we live in a society dominated by other directed people. It suggests that we do live in an other directed society. The film 'Fight Club' is used in conjunction with arguments made by academics to prove this central argument.

From the Paper
"Sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists and a whole range of other researchers have been struggling with the question of what type of society we live in. Many of these researchers have taken a special interest on what informs and motivates individuals. In particular many of these researchers are interested in whether society is being dominated by other directed people."

Tags:other, directed, people

Abstract
This paper looks at the legal and ethical issues of advanced directives and living wills. It gives a sample of a living will, and examples of when advanced directives, patient self-determination, the right to refuse treatment and informed consent are used.

From the Paper
"Under the U S federal law of the Patient Self-Determination Act, patients in most health care institutions are informed of their rights to participate in health care decisions and their right to have an Advanced Directive Center. There are different types of advanced directives and they fall into two main categories: instructive or proxy. Instructive directives allow the patient to state their preferences regarding the provision of specific therapies or classes of therapies such as no blood transfusions, no CPR. Living wills are the most common type..."

Tags:advanced directives, living wills, patients, informed consent