Abstract
Analysis of the book on self-directed learning and its goals. Application to continuing professional education (CPE). Various meanings and concepts of self-direction in learning. Relevance of Candy's discussion to CPE. Goals of adult education. Personal autonomy. Indepoendent pursuit of learning. Learner-controlled instruction. Mastery of subject knowledge.

From the Paper
"Abstract

In Self-Direction for Lifelong Learning (1991) Candy identifies four concepts that are described by the term "self-directed learning," two methods of self-directed learning (learner-controlled instruction and autodidactic learning), and two goals of self-directed learning (the capacity for self-management of learning and personal autonomy). While all four concepts have direct applications to continuing professional education (CPE), much of the discussion of learner-controlled instruction and the acquisition of autodidactic competence has been absorbed into CPE practice in the intervening decade. Candy addresses the development of self-directed learning skills that are internalized by the learner and can be generalized to learning modes other than the structured environment of even the most open adult learning ..."

Abstract
The paper outlines the brief history of Bill C-61 and what its key provisions are; the essay subsequently looks at how the new legislation - if ever passed - would tighten regulations vis-a-vis consumer obligations in the realm of copyright but would also impose an anti-circumvention law that, for all intents and purposes, would place ordinary consumers in jeopardy of being sued for merely recording their favourite music or shows for later viewing. At the same time, the paper discusses how the anti-circumvention measures outlined in the proposed bill would undoubtedly create renewed demand for Digital Rights Management software - which would hurt the entertainment sector because it would drive down consumer demand for goods fitted with the new software while simultaneously making a mockery out of the notion of "free TV".

From the Paper
"Definition of bill C-61. Anti-circumvention component of proposed law. Renewed demand for DRM software if legislation passes. Support in entertainment community for C-61. Notion of "fair-use". Greater likelihood of litigation if bill passes. The following paper will look at whether Canada's Bill C-61 is headed in..."

Tags:bill, c, 61, canada

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the traditional model of management- directed workforces against the new model of self- directed workforces, especially in respect to those individuals that are most likely to work best under self- directed management. An emphasis is provided to younger individuals are being less accepting of workplace management that is self- directed rather than management- directed.

Abstract
This paper reveals that many people are deciding to change their career direction after having been employed for some time in the specific area in which they were educated and trained. In addition, the paper discusses a study's findings that determined why people made a career change. Also discussed, is an interview the writer had with an individual who had been willing to take a risk in switching careers and was optimistic that he would be able to succeed. The paper concludes that the number of possible "recyclers" is growing and their needs will have to be addressed. Otherwise, organizations may lose their best talent.

From the Paper
"In the study, 15 individuals were selected who exemplified the authors' definition of recycling. They were from all walks of life whom had taken a job interruption, changed careers, or returned to school to gain further educational possibilities. The researchers conducted interviews with these individuals to gain further information on the fundamental causes and trigger events that caused their career changes. Interview questions were also asked to determine the various personal characteristics of these recyclers, and the reasons why they made job changes, however extensive. "The recycling stage is characterized as a time of possible renewal and career re-direction. Recyclers tend to make major career changes, such as leaving the practice of law to teach high school English, change their thinking about their careers, such as changing their life emphasis from career to family issues or vice versa, or change both their career and life emphasis" (Sullivan et. al, 2003, p.35)."

Tags:education, training, support, change, switch, reassessment

Abstract
This three-page undergraduate paper presents a change in foreign policy direction and goal setting that would work towards world-wide improvement in environmental issues and protection of human and civil rights. The role of the military and the diplomats is also discussed.

Abstract
This paper explains that the components of direct instruction include explicit step-by-step teaching procedures, student mastery, immediate feedback, practice and gradual withdrawal from teacher direction. The author points out that cooperative learning is a diverse group of instructional methods in which small groups of students, usually grouped so higher-achieving group members can assist students who are having academic difficulty, work together and aid each other in completing academic tasks. The paper relates that, although there have been issues of research flaws, in general, cooperative learning overwhelmingly has been found to be effective and generally accepted as a viable approach; whereas, direct instruction has received criticism for its ineffectiveness in the classroom and even has been deemed to be harmful to all children. Table of Contents Introduction Direct Instruction Direct Instruction Strategies Cooperative Learning Cooperative Learning Strategies Comparison/Contrast

From the Paper
"Scholars have also focused on processes within cooperative learning groups that seem to be related to academic success. Webb (e.g., 1982, 1983, 1985) conducted a series of influential studies that examined relationships between aspects of peer interaction and achievement. Webb's (1989, 1991) reviews of these and similar studies indicated that giving explanations was positively associated with achievement. However, the effect of receiving help varied. "Receiving explanations is sometimes helpful, receiving information has mixed effects (or no effect), and receiving only the answer is harmful." Receiving a lower level of help than is requested is also harmful. Johnson and Johnson (1985) concluded from a meta-analysis of their studies that the process of elaborative rehearsal of the material, support from team members, and "constructive controversy" among students increase the achievement benefits of cooperative learning. "

Tags:promotive-interaction, accountability, reading, interpersonal-skills, grading

Abstract
This paper discusses how stage directions are an essential part of a play and allow for a fuller meaning to be shared with the audience. In particular, it looks at how "Cyrano De Bergerac" and "The Visit" are superb examples of manipulating stage direction to present a deeper emotional meaning and sense of omniscient knowing into each act. The paper examines how both Durrenmatt and Rostand use stage directions to foreshadow an impending doom to add to the ambiance of the situation and the overall plot and how, by analyzing the way Durrenmatt and Rostand used stage directions like silence, darkness, and seasons then comparing the effects, the relative success and importance of this literary technique can be determined.

From the Paper
"The most frequent form of foreshadowing is the silence and darkness in The Visit and Cyrano, respectively. The silence motif is expressed very early in The Visit, presented for the first time in act one. "Deathly silence" (Durrenmatt, 35) is the first time the audience is hinted to an impending doom. 'Deathly' is the key word, and while there are several times when silence is mentioned without this word, the times when it is mentioned are all the more important. In Cyrano, the common foreshadowing stage direction is the darkness. This unlike in The Visit is mentioned much later in the play. It is not until the middle of act five that darkness is seen as an imminent force. "It grows darker as night comes on imperceptibly" (Rostand, 120). The darkness grows deeper and then fades from dusk to night on page 121. Both the darkness and silence show each characters death in a looming fashion. Silence is played out for a much longer time adding to the suspense in The Visit but the incessant darkness in Cyrano seems to aid more so to the quick rise in action at the end of the play. "

Tags:doom, plot

Abstract
This paper discusses the psychology of change as presented in the book, "When Firms Change Direction". It looks at the authors' use of cognitive theory when discussing change in businesses, their emphasis on the need for sufficient time to promote changes, the problem of cynicism and suspicion faced by those who would initiate change, and the problem of what the book's authors term "true believers".

From the Paper
"Among the most important points that the authors make is the fact that even when people want to make and succeed in making changes, they have difficulties in making those changes last. Even most desired significant changes fail to be last although there are often substantial resources committed by the organization to make the change take effect. These changes fail to be adapted not because of any "mistake" that is made in the plan itself but rather because of the fundamental nature of human cognition."

Tags:cognitive, elements, strategy, organization, workplace, management

Abstract
The paper relates that in June 2008, Canadian Industry Minister Jim Prentice tabled in the House of Commons a long-anticipated bill to reform Canada's copyright act: Bill C-61. The paper discusses how although the bill's advocates argued that it was necessary to update Canada's copyright laws, and bring Canadian law into step with Canada's international partners, there was widespread criticism of the legislation from ethical, legal, social and economic perspectives (Geist "Troubling Details").

From the Paper
"In June 2008, Canadian Industry Minister Jim Prentice tabled in the House of Commons a long-anticipated bill to reform Canada's copyright act: Bill C-61. Although the bill's advocates argued that it was necessary to update Canada's copyright laws, and bring Canadian law into step with Canada's international partners, there was widespread criticism of the legislation from ethical, legal, social and economic perspectives."

Tags:technology, canada, law

Abstract
This paper focuses on issues surrounding Medicare's PPS system. Topics covered in this paper are: medical economics and finances, and regulatory problems. The focus of this paper is on the excessively frequent regulatory changes in addition to the numerous structural overhauls to the system and the corresponding issues that providers have to deal with, usually just opting to write off limited claim amounts as opposed to spend time and energy on resolving them.

From the Paper
"Medicare's Prospect Payment System (PPS) is a system established by Medicare to pre-authorize services based on service and provider type in order to expedite services to Medicare recipients, negating the need for approval for services and ostensibly increasing delivery time to the patient. PPS has been around for inpatient services since the 1980s; however, the Out-Patient Prospect Payment System (OPPS) has only been active for five years and is modified on a continual basis. All services paid under this system are classified into groups called APCs (Crishock, 2005). The services provided in each APC are similar clinically and in terms of the required resources. A payment rate is established for each APC."

Tags:pps, medicare, regulatory