Abstract
The German state has experienced a wide range of profound changes over the past decade. The impact of reunification continues to hamper the country's economic growth, but much progress has been made on several levels. Diplomatic relations, though, have never been more complex than today. This paper examines how the diplomatic process in Germany has changed from the 1990s to the present, the impact of relevant social and economic factors, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Introduction
General Discussion of Changes in Diplomatic Relations
Fundamental Social and Economic Issues Affecting Reunified German Diplomacy Today
Key Diplomatic Issues
Future Trends and Directions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Germany is located in Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, and south of Denmark Germany occupies a total area which is slightly smaller than the U.S. State of Montana Germany's population as of July 1998 was estimated to be 82,079,454. The capital of Germany is Berlin, which is located in the eastern region. The map in Figure 1 below shows the reunified Germany today. Figure 1. Map of Germany, 2003. As Europe's largest economy and most populous nation, Germany continues to represent a key player in the diplomatic relations of the world. Black's Law Dictionary (1990) says that diplomacy is "the art and practice of conducting negotiations between foreign governments for the attainment of mutually satisfactory political relations." This goal has become increasingly elusive in many instances as the German government finds itself at odds with the United States and Great Britain on several fundamental issues."

Tags:poland, europe, berlin, politics

Abstract
The paper explains that the Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS) provides security for members of the state department as they conduct foreign affairs and creates safety measures for sensitive information and property. The paper discusses the organizational culture of the DS and how it is similar to many other law enforcement agencies but with several distinct differences. The paper also examines its leadership structure and the influential stakeholders in the agency. The paper shows how the DS staff members have clearly defined roles and are subject to political, military and law enforcement influences.

From the Paper
"The Bureau of Diplomatic Security is the law enforcement or security agency for the State department. This branch of law enforcement provides security for members of the state department as they conduct foreign affairs as well as to create safety measures for sensitive information and property. The members of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security include special agents, diplomatic couriers, civil service specialists, engineers, and contractors. The members of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security individuals are responsible for ensuring the safety of Americans working diplomatic missions in foreign countries.
"The Bureau of Diplomatic Security is also responsible for securing State Department facilities. This includes creating buildings that are safe and secure and creating security measures that would prevent intrusion into the one hundred facilities located all over the world and its residents. The DS investigates passport and visa fraud, conducts personnel security investigations, international investigations, cybercrimes, and issues security clearances. This agency also provides personal security for the secretary of the State as well as United States Ambassadors stationed globally at foreign embassies.
"The organizational culture of the DS is similar to many other law enforcement agencies with several distinct differences. The organizational culture is the different values, attitudes, beliefs, and characteristics of the organization (Connelly, 2010). In the DS the culture is formally structured and has a military subculture. Because the DS provides security globally not only are law enforcement investigations conducted but security requires the aid of military forces. This requires the agency to be highly structured and employees are required to follow a clear chain of command as well as direct order from their superiors."

Tags:law, enforcement, military, leadership, stakeholders

Abstract
The paper discusses how the impact of the revisionist school on U.S. diplomatic history has been significant, for prominent revisionist historians such as William Appleman Williams have adamantly and convincingly challenged the interpretations of conventional historians regarding American diplomacy and foreign policy, especially in the context of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. The paper relates that Williams was "a serious scholar who helped an entire generation conceptualize the specific character of U.S. imperialism and who challenged the history profession with a creative interpretation of the entire sweep of U.S. history."

From the Paper
"The impact of the revisionist school on U.S. diplomatic history has been significant, for prominent revisionist historians such as William Appleman Williams have adamantly and convincingly challenged the interpretations of conventional historians regarding American diplomacy and foreign policy, especially in the context of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. Williams was "a serious scholar who helped an entire generation conceptualize the specific character of U.S. imperialism...""

Tags:williams, revisionist, history

From the Paper
"In the book "Diary of a Chinese Diplomat" by Zhang Deyi, the time is the latter portion of the nineteenth century, and the author provides much information about the life of a Chinese diplomat of the period, the attitudes of the Chinese as expressed to and through their diplomatic corps, and the reaction of the Chinese diplomats to the different cultures they encountered as they represented their country in far distant parts of the world. The Chinese diplomat in this case comes to the United States through San Francisco and travels to Washington to meet with Secretary of State Seward, among others, and in this and subsequent meetings with American officials, the diplomat tells of the different requirements placed on a diplomat for filling out papers, getting letters of accreditation, and other details of his work even as he reacts to the new world that has opened ... "

Abstract
The Trent Affair was the event that represented the closest Great Britain ever came to entering the American Civil War on the side of the Confederacy. It examines how it was a focal point for the on-going diplomatic negotiations between the rebels and England and how it fueled controversy on both sides of the Atlantic. It deals with five authors with varying points of view on the argument for and against British involvement, who wrote five very different analyses of this period of great turmoil.

From the Paper
"Norman Ferris's book, The Trent Affair, has a different take on the actions of Captain Charles Wilkes. He has a much more sympathetic tone when dealing with Wilkes and his choices. He describes in some detail the thought process behind Wilkes's decision to intercept the Trent, and ultimately calls the idea "a daring notion." (Ferris, 19) Later, he writes about the legality of the entire affair. "For about one week," he writes, "the legality of that act seemed unquestionable. Then, one by one, the precedents so confidently cited earlier were revealed by publicists to be erroneous or inapplicable." (Ferris, 34) This is a far cry from John's condemnation of the act as piracy, while still showing the mistaken ideas that were being touted as legalities."

Tags:diplomacy, britain, civil, war

Abstract
The 1961 Vienna Convention on diplomatic relations sets accepted rules for diplomatic and consular privileges. It sets forth certain immunities that are considered necessary for diplomats to carry out their functions in keeping international peace. This paper discusses how the increase of awareness regarding the global threat of terrorism and several key cases claiming abuse of privileges under the Vienna Convention have raised questions as to the applicability and role that it should play in modern diplomatic relations. The paper examines the relevancy of the Vienna Convention by examining commentary and case law in an attempt to clarify the role of the Vienna Convention in today's society.

Outline:
Case Law: Examining Applicability
The Vienna Convention and Terrorism
Problems of Interpretation and Enforcement
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In February of 987, an ambassador from Papua New Guinea returned home after he killed a man while driving intoxicated (Shenon, 1987). He escaped prosecution by using diplomatic immunity. In 1982, a Brazilian ambassador's son shot and injured a bouncer at a nightclub. He returned home without having to stand trial for the incident (Shenon, 1987). There is even a documented case where an ambassador's dog escaped the consequences of biting several neighbors by means of his owner's diplomatic immunity (Shenon, 1987). These cases highlight the potential for misuse of the privileges under the Vienna Convention to get away with real crimes in the country of residence. "

Tags:international, peace, Terrorism

From the Paper
"FOREIGN POLICY: ROLES OF POLITICIANS & DIPLOMATS
Introduction
This research examines the roles of politicians and diplomats in the making and execution of foreign policy. Alexander George (1994) held that the making and execution of foreign policy involves (1) the establishment of objectives, (2) the development of a strategy to attain those objectives, (3) the design of a strategy implementation, (4) the execution of the strategy, (5) the maintenance of the policy and the strategy, and (6) the review of the policy and the strategy. Accepting this framework as a basis for this current research, the task then becomes one of determining which of the six functions are associated with the role of politicians and which of the functions are associated with roles for diplomats."

Abstract
This paper explains that, even though the Treaty of Versailles ultimately failed, it changed diplomatic history. The author not only examines Woodrow Wilson's impossible plan for the treaty and the League of Nations but also addresses the motivations of France, Great Britain, Italy and Japan and what they hoped to gain. The paper relates that the German people also felt that they were being treated unfairly and were betrayed by their government; therefore, the problems, which they had with the government and with the allied forces, distressed the German people.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Woodrow Wilson
The Long and Devastating War
The Spoils of War
Political Pressure and the Punishment of Germany
France
Desires Going into the War
Hardships That the Country Faced
Personal Goals of the Treaty
How the Country's Diplomat Changed Wilson's Plan for the Treaty
Great Britain
Desires Going into the War
Hardships That the Country Faced
Personal Goals of the Treaty
How the Country's Diplomat Changed Wilson's Plan for the Treaty
Italy
Desires Going into the War
Hardships That the Country Faced
Personal Goals of the Treaty
How the Country's Diplomat Changed Wilson's Plan for the Treaty
Japan
Desires Going into the War
Hardships That the Country Faced
Personal Goals of the Treaty
How the Country's Diplomat Changed Wilson's Plan for the Treaty
United States Politics
German Response to the Treaty
Conclusion

From the Paper
"This idea that Congress had regarding whether it would be more difficult to declare war was very important, as it also related to the spoils of war. The Treaty, had it been ratified, would have helped out many nations, but would have also made it more difficult for countries that did war with one another to collect items and take them home to their country. Because of this, the spoils of war that were generally collected would no longer be available, and many of the larger nations did not agree with this idea."

Tags:league, wilson, allies, congress, spoils

Abstract
This paper examines how religion has had an impact on diplomatic practice all over the world, with mixed results. It shows how historically speaking, the religion/diplomacy venture can be viewed as a successful one- provided we understand the objective of this diplomacy to be the infliction of as much bloodshed, intolerance and subversion upon mankind as is humanly possible. It examines how acting as agents of religion, governments far and wide throughout the course of human history have sought to oppress their neighbors under a banner of religious truth and moral conquest and how in the modern context, holy wars are truly no less frequent than they have ever been. It looks at how religion has effected diplomatic practice since the very inception of civilization, as founding political precepts most often revolved around some concept of divinity. Indeed, most nations have traditionally sought to integrate religion and diplomatic practice into one seamless entity, for religion was understood as the ultimate justification for any sort of escapade into foreign territory.

From the Paper
"The legacy of the Crusades has endured. The Muslims, once tolerant of Christians, developed a hatred and suspicion for the Christian faith that endures to this day. The outcome of the Crusades led to the Turkish wars of later years, in which Islamic expansion into Europe and the Balkans would set the stage for future Muslim-Christian conflicts. Also significant, the ideology behind the Crusades exists today as well. Religious persecution is not uncommon in the modern global context; the impact of religion upon diplomatic practice remains heavy-handed enough to provide us with contemporary examples of many a spirited genocide and plunder."

Tags:apartheid, crusades, bloodshed, government

Abstract
This paper explores, with detailed analysis, the diplomatic problems Kennedy faced during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The paper includes a brief look at the historical event for a frame of reference and delves into issues of foreign policy and strategies used to remedy this troubling event. This paper also displays how these strategies only worsened the situation by causing diplomatic troubles between the United States and the Soviet Union. Further, the paper examines the relationship between President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev and how their leadership styles varied, but also made strides toward a peaceful solution possible.

From the Paper
"The Cuban Missile Crisis did not happen over night, one day in October 1962. This issue started at the end of World War II and the advent of the Cold War. It was when the distinction between world powers became more evident that a weapons race started because of the spread of Communism closer to home. Dino Brugioni writes, "the Cuban question must be considered a part of the worldwide challenge posed by Communist threats to peace" (Brugioni 1990, p. 115). The United States relationship with Cuba was minimally awkward because of Castro's parent relationship with the Soviet Union. Castro was slowly becoming a pawn for the Soviets to use to demonstrate their influence. Kennedy had inherited the Bay of Pigs and the entire backlash that came with it. This was hardly a good starting point for the Kennedy administration."

Tags:turkish, location, nuclear, initiative, understanding, defenses, communist, military, western, hemisphere