Abstract
The German state has experienced a wide range of profound changes over the past decade. The impact of reunification continues to hamper the country's economic growth, but much progress has been made on several levels. Diplomatic relations, though, have never been more complex than today. This paper examines how the diplomatic process in Germany has changed from the 1990s to the present, the impact of relevant social and economic factors, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Introduction
General Discussion of Changes in Diplomatic Relations
Fundamental Social and Economic Issues Affecting Reunified German Diplomacy Today
Key Diplomatic Issues
Future Trends and Directions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Germany is located in Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, and south of Denmark Germany occupies a total area which is slightly smaller than the U.S. State of Montana Germany's population as of July 1998 was estimated to be 82,079,454. The capital of Germany is Berlin, which is located in the eastern region. The map in Figure 1 below shows the reunified Germany today. Figure 1. Map of Germany, 2003. As Europe's largest economy and most populous nation, Germany continues to represent a key player in the diplomatic relations of the world. Black's Law Dictionary (1990) says that diplomacy is "the art and practice of conducting negotiations between foreign governments for the attainment of mutually satisfactory political relations." This goal has become increasingly elusive in many instances as the German government finds itself at odds with the United States and Great Britain on several fundamental issues."

Tags:poland, europe, berlin, politics

Abstract
Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau famously compared US-Canadian relations to being like sleeping with an elephant. No matter how friendly and even-tempered the beast, one is affected by every twitch and grunt. Relations with the giant nation to our south, Canada's biggest trading partner and greatest ally, have certainly not always been smooth. This paper examines US-Canadian relations, with particular attention given to the discord between the Bush administration and the Liberals under Paul Martin. The paper asserts that the discord only demonstrates the latest in a long line of bumpy periods in diplomatic relations between the two countries.

Tags:leaders, canada, us

Abstract
The paper relates that when Richard Nixon visited China in February of 1972, he effectively brought to an end 20 years of Chinese estrangement from the west. The paper discusses how Nixon's visit was important because it actually ended many years of Chinese alienation from the rest of the world; after all, things had gone badly between China and Russia since at least the late 1950s. The paper discusses what factors prompted rapprochement and what these closer ties meant to international relations not only between America and the Soviet Union and America and China but also relations between China and regional Asian powers. The thesis at the heart of this paper is that rapprochement between America and China significantly weakened the Soviets inasmuch as it gave America a powerful ally against the Soviets - an ally that could then be used as a sort of bogey-man to extract concessions from the soviets vis-a-vis arms levels and negotiations. With that in mind, this paper explores the factors that led America towards rapprochement, the factors which drove the Chinese towards rapprochement, and the global and diplomatic changes and benefits which arose from the closer ties between the two great powers.

From the Paper
"To what extent was the establishment of relations between the United States and People's Republic of China a diplomatic revolution? When Richard Nixon visited China in February of 1972, he effectively brought to an end 20 years of Chinese estrangement from the west. Indeed, Nixon's visit was important because it actually ended many years of Chinese alienation from the rest of the world; after all, things had gone badly between China and Russia since at least the late 1950s. Over the next several pages, this essay will discuss what factors prompted rapprochement and what these closer ties meant to international relations not only between America and the Soviet Union and America and China but..."

Tags:republic, china, revolution

Abstract
The paper discusses how the impact of the revisionist school on U.S. diplomatic history has been significant, for prominent revisionist historians such as William Appleman Williams have adamantly and convincingly challenged the interpretations of conventional historians regarding American diplomacy and foreign policy, especially in the context of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. The paper relates that Williams was "a serious scholar who helped an entire generation conceptualize the specific character of U.S. imperialism and who challenged the history profession with a creative interpretation of the entire sweep of U.S. history."

From the Paper
"The impact of the revisionist school on U.S. diplomatic history has been significant, for prominent revisionist historians such as William Appleman Williams have adamantly and convincingly challenged the interpretations of conventional historians regarding American diplomacy and foreign policy, especially in the context of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. Williams was "a serious scholar who helped an entire generation conceptualize the specific character of U.S. imperialism...""

Tags:williams, revisionist, history

Abstract
The paper relates that in terms of the history of Canada-U.S. relations, the years between 1956 and 1963 were a time a particularly great turmoil. This paper discusses the key factors contributing to this state of affairs, including: the anti-nuclear movement and Canadian distrust of American power; American imperial interests; and Canadian nationalism. However, as this paper argues, the key factor shaping Canada-U.S. relations during this period was the personality of Canada's new Conservative Prime Minister Diefenbaker, and his tortured relationship with what he termed the "Pearsonalities" in the Department of External Affairs. As is seen, it was Diefenbaker's dominant role in determining Canada's relations with the United States during this period - with his deep suspicion of Ottawa's professional diplomats combined with his maverick personality traits - that contributed to a steadily worsening relationship with the United States on a variety of fronts in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

From the Paper
"In terms of the history of Canada-U.S. relations, the years between 1956 and 1963 were a time of particularly great turmoil. This essay will discuss the key factors contributing to this state of affairs, including: the anti-nuclear movement and Canadian distrust of American power; American imperial interests; and Canadian nationalism. However, as this paper will argue, the key factor shaping Canada-U.S. relations during this period was the personality of Canada's new Conservative Prime Minister Diefenbaker, and his tortured relationship with what he termed the "Pearsonalities" in..."

Tags:diefenbaker, canada, kennedy

Abstract
The paper discusses how diplomatic relations between the United States and the Dominican Republic have been characterized in recent decades by economic cooperation, mutual trust and bilateral good will. The paper explains that because of geographical proximity, geopolitical realities and economic ties, the Dominican Republic has a close relationship with the United States, for successive American administrations have had a strong interest in supporting the development of a democratic, stable and economically healthy Dominican Republic and Dominican leaders have welcomed American support.

Tags:us, dominican, relations

Abstract
The 1961 Vienna Convention on diplomatic relations sets accepted rules for diplomatic and consular privileges. It sets forth certain immunities that are considered necessary for diplomats to carry out their functions in keeping international peace. This paper discusses how the increase of awareness regarding the global threat of terrorism and several key cases claiming abuse of privileges under the Vienna Convention have raised questions as to the applicability and role that it should play in modern diplomatic relations. The paper examines the relevancy of the Vienna Convention by examining commentary and case law in an attempt to clarify the role of the Vienna Convention in today's society.

Outline:
Case Law: Examining Applicability
The Vienna Convention and Terrorism
Problems of Interpretation and Enforcement
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In February of 987, an ambassador from Papua New Guinea returned home after he killed a man while driving intoxicated (Shenon, 1987). He escaped prosecution by using diplomatic immunity. In 1982, a Brazilian ambassador's son shot and injured a bouncer at a nightclub. He returned home without having to stand trial for the incident (Shenon, 1987). There is even a documented case where an ambassador's dog escaped the consequences of biting several neighbors by means of his owner's diplomatic immunity (Shenon, 1987). These cases highlight the potential for misuse of the privileges under the Vienna Convention to get away with real crimes in the country of residence. "

Tags:international, peace, Terrorism

Abstract
This paper discusses how, after 40 years of an almost constant degradation in its diplomatic relations, the European Union and the state of Israel have realized that a strained association could potentially do much damage and that a closer cooperation is necessary. The paper looks at how Israel and the E.U. are putting their distrust in one another to the side and are finally agreeing on joint projects, which range from economic trade to a collaboration for the fight against terrorism to the Middle East Peace Process. The paper also examines the history of European-Israel relations and discusses whether Europe and Israel can ever have a stable relationship even with their baggage-laden history weighing them down.

Outline:
Birth of a Nation: A Brief History of EU-Israeli Relations
Cooperation and Discrepancy

From the Paper
"The creation of the state of Israel on May 15th, 1948 was the pinnacle of Zionist policies, and the beginning of constant clashes with the nation's Arab neighbors. Europe's backing of Israel at the time (by Europe is primarily meant France, Germany and Britain) was due to several important factors. "Europe feels a historical responsibility towards the Jewish state and is attached to Israel as a consequence." The deaths of 6 million Jews as a direct result of World War II weighed heavily on European minds, and no one would have dared criticize then the right of Israel to exist. Now that the world was well aware of the atrocities committed in concentration camps, and just a year after the Nuremberg trials, the newly created state was riding high on a wave of sympathy from around the world, and relied deeply on Europe for help. "

Tags:Middle, East, France, Germany, England, terrorism, jews

Abstract
The paper examines the history of the Cuban embargo in light of the historical background at the start of the 20th century. The paper explains the political and economic dominance of the United States, the rise of Fidel Castro to power and the relationship between the two sides during the Cold War. The paper also discusses how the embargo has not delivered the desired effects and has also limited the access of American firms and US citizens to Cuba. The paper asserts that as long as the Cold War and the Soviet threat are no longer real threats, the embargo should be stopped and a road to democracy for the Cuban people should be paved through diplomatic relations rather than conflicting ones.

From the Paper
"The relationship between the US and the Cuban island has been considered for a long period of time to be one of the most tensioned aspects of foreign policy, at least in this part of the world. The historical conditions allowed the United States to play a pivotal role in the economic and political development of the relations between the two sides. However, the fact that the Cold War gave way to a different political regime which was not accepted by the US from the point of view of the ideological clash between the capitalist and the communist lines of thought, the two countries entered in a period which can be characterized by a continuous situation of political and economic tensions which is nowadays set in doubt for the possible benefits it has in terms of achieving the initial goal which was to bring democracy to Cuba."

Tags:Fidel, Castro, Cold, War, Soviet, Union, Communism, trade

Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a review of three different pieces of academic literature that deal with the Union's role in international politics. These works are an article by Birol Yesilada, Brian Efird and Peter Noordijk entitled 'Competition among Giants', Stanley Sloan's 'NATO, the European Union and the Atlantic Community' and Stephanie Anderson's book 'Crafting EU Security Policy'. The methodological approach is outlined for each work along with the main issues it highlights. Ultimately, the writer assesses to what extent these pieces of academic literature offer new and developed insight into the question of international relations from the European perspective. The writer concludes that the wide diversity of possible solutions available with regard to European expansion and international relations are clear by the different answers and responses contained within each of the above mentioned academic works.

From the Paper
"Indeed, although the NATO alliance has undergone some particularly difficult years implementing a united policy, particularly with regard the war on terror, I still agree that this is where the most effective future for the European Union lies. Above all, the framework for cooperation on this basis has already been largely established with all the leading union members also being members of NATO. Moreover, Sloan is quite right to declare that social and cultural similarities that have developed over decades and centuries provide much support for a reinvigoration of the Atlantic alliance.
"However, is it possible that there is a third option that does not require the union forging ever closer links with outside powers, whether they are Russia or the United States?"

Tags:foreign, diplomatic, world, power, global