Abstract The paper discusses how diplomaticrelations between the United States and the Dominican Republic have been characterized in recent decades by economic cooperation, mutual trust and bilateral good will. The paper explains that because of geographical proximity, geopolitical realities and economic ties, the Dominican Republic has a close relationship with the United States, for successive American administrations have had a strong interest in supporting the development of a democratic, stable and economically healthy Dominican Republic and Dominican leaders have welcomed American support.
Abstract The 1961 Vienna Convention on diplomaticrelations sets accepted rules for diplomatic and consular privileges. It sets forth certain immunities that are considered necessary for diplomats to carry out their functions in keeping international peace. This paper discusses how the increase of awareness regarding the global threat of terrorism and several key cases claiming abuse of privileges under the Vienna Convention have raised questions as to the applicability and role that it should play in modern diplomaticrelations. The paper examines the relevancy of the Vienna Convention by examining commentary and case law in an attempt to clarify the role of the Vienna Convention in today's society.
Outline:
Case Law: Examining Applicability
The Vienna Convention and Terrorism
Problems of Interpretation and Enforcement
Conclusion
From the Paper "In February of 987, an ambassador from Papua New Guinea returned home after he killed a man while driving intoxicated (Shenon, 1987). He escaped prosecution by using diplomatic immunity. In 1982, a Brazilian ambassador's son shot and injured a bouncer at a nightclub. He returned home without having to stand trial for the incident (Shenon, 1987). There is even a documented case where an ambassador's dog escaped the consequences of biting several neighbors by means of his owner's diplomatic immunity (Shenon, 1987). These cases highlight the potential for misuse of the privileges under the Vienna Convention to get away with real crimes in the country of residence. "
Abstract The German state has experienced a wide range of profound changes over the past decade. The impact of reunification continues to hamper the country's economic growth, but much progress has been made on several levels. Diplomaticrelations, though, have never been more complex than today. This paper examines how the diplomatic process in Germany has changed from the 1990s to the present, the impact of relevant social and economic factors, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Introduction
General Discussion of Changes in DiplomaticRelations Fundamental Social and Economic Issues Affecting Reunified German Diplomacy Today
Key Diplomatic Issues
Future Trends and Directions
Conclusion
From the Paper "Germany is located in Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, and south of Denmark Germany occupies a total area which is slightly smaller than the U.S. State of Montana Germany's population as of July 1998 was estimated to be 82,079,454. The capital of Germany is Berlin, which is located in the eastern region. The map in Figure 1 below shows the reunified Germany today. Figure 1. Map of Germany, 2003. As Europe's largest economy and most populous nation, Germany continues to represent a key player in the diplomatic relations of the world. Black's Law Dictionary (1990) says that diplomacy is "the art and practice of conducting negotiations between foreign governments for the attainment of mutually satisfactory political relations." This goal has become increasingly elusive in many instances as the German government finds itself at odds with the United States and Great Britain on several fundamental issues."
Abstract Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau famously compared US-Canadian relations to being like sleeping with an elephant. No matter how friendly and even-tempered the beast, one is affected by every twitch and grunt. Relations with the giant nation to our south, Canada's biggest trading partner and greatest ally, have certainly not always been smooth. This paper examines US-Canadian relations, with particular attention given to the discord between the Bush administration and the Liberals under Paul Martin. The paper asserts that the discord only demonstrates the latest in a long line of bumpy periods in diplomaticrelations between the two countries.
Abstract The paper discusses public relations and its popular conceptions. The paper also discusses the author's interpretations of what constitutes public relations, as well as how various professional researchers and bodies view public relations. Finally, a consensus is reached regarding the nature of public relations and what public relations means to the various bodies that utilize public relations as a unique business activity.
From the Paper "This author's concept of public relations (PR) is that it comprises the identity of a company or organization that the company's, or organization's, internal and external customers perceive. PR forms the voice of a given enterprise through which that enterprise speaks to its constituents whether internal or external. While most individuals might equate PR with media relations, speech writing and composing press releases, it occupies a much more important, albeit less defined role, within an enterprise that most might believe. Effective PR strategies are the single most important function within an organization during times of crises and how a company's PR function manages a crises can either ensure that the organization continues as a viable enterprise or, alternatively, ensure that it no longer maintain sufficient revenues to remain in business."
Abstract This paper discusses what public relations means to a company's success and what effective public relations are supposed to achieve for a company. The paper explains that effective public relations is dependant on the company's ability to provide a positive company image to the public, focus on the stakeholders related to the company and produce a public relations plan that will serve as a guide for all public relations issues. The paper also explains that companies that are capable of in-depth planning with regard to public relations have the ability to handle any issues that arise with positive outcomes. This includes damage to the company's image for any number of reasons and the company's ability to recover successfully. The recovery will ultimately be dependant on the image that the public has of the organization and the public's knowledge of honest concern that the business has in association with the public as stakeholders in the business.
Abstract This paper gives an in-depth analysis of the role of public relations for today's global companies, with particular focus on marketing and management strategies. The paper includes a literature review which helps define a best practices model for this field. Several other models of public relations are taken from current research in emerging global companies. The importance of the Internet is described as a public relations tool, with applicable sites listed.
Outline:
Introduction
Emergence of Public Relations Maturity Model
Model of Market-Driven Organization, Synchronized Across Functions
Figure 1: Public Relations as being Demand Driven
Figure 2: Public Relations Maturity Model
Literature Review
Figure 3: Sales-force.com PR Manager Dashboard Interface
Turning the Position of Trusted Advisor into a Competitive Advantage
Completing Market Segmentation Based on Trust
Values-Based Segmentation Strategies and Pricing
Organizational and Customer Value Alignment and Relationships
ROI Analysis Literature Review
Nordstrom's Case Study: How Public Relation's Stressing Value Impacts Company Culture
Areas of Future Research
Bibliography or Works Cited
From the Paper "The second critical success factor emerging from the research completed is the challenge of continually defining value both from a product and services perspective across multiple geographies. Respondent scores reflect a global focus of retaining credibility through stressing value-based selling over features, functions, benefits and other product-centric messaging including price. This second critical success factor centers on positioning and messaging with high credibility to support the trusted advisor role. Researchers mention that this approach to building credibility both supports the trusted advisor role and gets their companies away from selling only product features, which in many industries makes the selling process even more difficult. This second critical success criteria reflects the impact of market-driven organizations on product strategies. It is evident from the market-driven organizations in the sampling base there is a much stronger triad link between marketing, public relations, analyst relations, and investor relations. Imagining an overlapping Venn diagram of these items a best practices model emerges for messaging synchronization across a global enterprise."
Abstract This paper defines cause related marketing. The author compares three books ranging from the theoretical to the practical. The paper relates the implications for integrated communications in advertising and public relations managers.
From the Paper "Companies no longer are content with sponsoring charitable donations or creating publicity campaigns for charities at little or no cost. Instead, increasing numbers of companies are aligning themselves with organizations in long-term partnerships that benefit both the charity as well as the profit-making business. This research considers three recent books that concern themselves with this type of marketing called Cause Related Marketing and considers the implications of these books on the field. The three books exist along a spectrum from the highly theoretical ..."
Tags: cause related marketing, ICAP, integrated communications in advertising and public relations, Adkins, Earle, Pringle, Thompson
Abstract The paper considers how a relational database can be used to store types of files not normally stored in this manner, such as images. The paper finds that a means of doing so has been developed for art history classes so that the instructor can access information, including images, as needed. The paper demonstrates how relational database management systems provide for relating files, or linking files to one another through a key field. The paper explains how a relational database system has the advantage of allowing a simple database system to grow as needed.
From the Paper "Relational database management systems provide for relating files, or linking files to one another through a key field. A relational database system has the advantage of allowing a simple database system to grow as needed. Data file management is flexible so it can handle integrating new requirements. In order to make a database system work, there are certain design rules that need to be followed. It is important to eliminate any repeating groups of fields and it is necessary to eliminate fields that do not depend entirely on the key field (Dologite 164-165). Databases in the future are likely to be influenced by five factors: developments in telecommunications, scanning and storage improvements, increasing database distribution options, user needs and demands and changes in database production. These are the factors influencing databases today, and they will continue to be the pivotal elements in the future (Tenopir 70-71)."
Abstract "This paper discusses the field of public relations as it affects society today. The paper further provides research relating to the original goals of the public relations field, and compares those goals to the ongoing practices of PR professionals in the United States. By determining the changes that have taken place in public relations practices this research demonstrates significant areas of concern regarding the relation of PR to society.
From the Paper "Public relations professionals work toward bringing together the organization and the public - preferably meeting the needs of both entities. Through public relations campaigns companies that strive for mass appeal can become household names, when the marketing concepts allow the company in question to be perceived with a positive image. However, Steven Goldberg (2001) contends that what matters in the public relations field is the image that is invented relating to a company, not true business information (p. 47). Goldberg (2001) suggests that real public relations is not about promoting the honest attributes of a business, but rather "a carefully manipulated public image, a clever marketing campaign, or careful attention to 'spin'" that leads American citizens to become blind patrons of an organization (p. 47)."
Abstract This paper discusses effective public relations programs. It further examines the elements of public relations that have been successful for various companies across the globe, and how these methods were instituted. The paper then demonstrates that effective public relations requires a structural foundation of goals within the company for the public relations professionals to refer to in times of crisis, as well as profit.
From the Paper "Many modern public relations professionals do not wish to be viewed as mere sales people attempting to market a product. However, researchers contend that every company has a purpose of promoting their business in order to achieve the goals of obtaining profits. Effective public relations programs do not lose sight of this goal. Furthermore, these programs incorporate a variety of practices that lead the company toward relations with the community, the media, and the global consumer that develop trust, loyalty, and a sense of good will that is reflected on the business product. Without these guidelines for effective public relations management companies have a difficult time reaching their full potential in today's growing global marketplace. Gary Ernst (2004) suggests that the exceptional public relations program should include: 1. Increasing knowledge about your company. 2. Stimulating referrals or advocacy. 3. Generating a sense of community involvement."
Abstract Much confusion troubles the field of public relations. Many wonder exactly what public relations professionals actually do and what their field entails. Analyzing the definition of public relations should help remove some of the mystery from the industry by specifying what public relations is and what it isn't. To this end three, this paper reviews three different definitions of the term 'public relations'.
From the Paper "To this end, three different definitions of the term 'public relations' will be reviewed. These will come from the official definition provided by the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), as well as from the definition in use by the Institute of Public Relations (IPR), as well as the definition given by public relations professional, Stacey Cohen. These definitions will be compared and contrasted, and in the end, my own personal definition will be given, along with my reasoning behind why there are such differences in definitions of the same term, throughout the industry."
Abstract The paper focuses on the organizational and societal public relations of Toyota during their introduction of the first mass-produced hybrid automobiles. The paper demonstrates the use of the research, action planning, communication and evaluation (RACE) model that ensures coordination of public relations strategies. The paper also illustrates how critical it is for public relations and communications strategies to be tightly integrated into the strategic planning process within any company.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Integrating Public Relations into Launching Hybrid Automobiles at Toyota
Societal and Organizational Public Relations at Toyota Define A New Market
Conclusion
From the Paper "Public relations strategies must be tightly integrated to the core strategic planning, product development and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives within any company if it is to succeed in the 21rst century. Given how transparent all forms of communication are becoming due to Web 2.0 and social networking (Bernoff, Li, 2008), it is critical that companies realize the importance of having the many facets of public relations tightly integrated into the strategic planning process. Communications and public relations strategies have progressed from being tactical to strategic in scope, driven by the increased transparency fostered by the development of the Internet and all forms of social media, and the heightened concerns surrounding all forms of compliance including the reporting of significant financial events as mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) which is often referred to as SOX for short."
Abstract This paper studies several aspects of human relations. It details the issue of how to design an effective plan for personal human relations. Furthermore, it studies conflict management and how to deal with conflicts using love, kindness, generosity and compassion. The paper analyzes effective human relationships and how to make them a success. The models put forward in this paper for problem solving, for decision making, for recognizing the complex relationships between leadership and group dynamics, are an attempt to translate the common, well-known ways to deal with human relations.
From the Paper "The question of how to design an effective plan for personal human relations is a complex one that shifts from situation to situation and changes over the course of one's life. This paper lays out some of the fundamental issues that to me as an individual seem to be most important."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of race relations during the Reconstruction period with reference to the book "A short History of Reconstruction" by Eric Foner. Reconstruction was the time immediately after the Civil war that showed the deep and sharp racial division that existed in the American society and the author is of the view that many of the race-related problems that still persist in the country have their roots in the Reconstruction period.
