Abstract This paper explains Hofstede's cultural dimension theory and describes the dimensions, which measure constructs of power distance, individualism, individualistic society, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. The paper points out that these cultural dimensions are a barometer of an organization's culture especially in multinational companies. The paper applies this theory to evaluating the marketing and management practices at Wal-Mart and Tesco.
Table of Contents;
Introduction
Shared Values Segmentation and Cultural Dimensions Cultural Dimensions and Competitiveness
Pricing Strategies and Cultural Dimensions Emergence of Cultural Intelligence and Trust as the Lasting Differentiator
Cultural Intelligence leading to Trust: The Foundation of Differentiation
Cultural Dimensions Leading to Values-Based Differentiation
Tesco's Retail Internationalization Process based on Cultural Intelligence
Quantifying Values as Differentiators: A Research Perspective
Attaining the role of Trusted Advisor in Served Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper "Overall, the research on organizational values suggests that a researcher must rely on the value expressions or enacted values of people and organizations. In essence, organizational values are reflected in organizational practices. Research in this area has been undertaken either through qualitative studies involving one or a few organizations or through quantitative, survey-based studies involving a larger number of organizations. In most cases, though, reviews have focused on content or text analysis to identify the espoused or desired values and on surveys to determine the enactment of those values."
This paper discusses Geert Jan Hofstede's cultural dimension research on collectivism/individualism and how it influences learning and classroom behavior.
Abstract This paper uses the research of Geert Jan Hofstede (1991), who identified four cultural dimensions that can be used to classify different cultures. These include: power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance. These four dimensions allow the social researcher to compare and contrast different societies with the ultimate goal of bringing about a greater shared understanding. According to this paper, Hofstede's has a useful application in how members from different cultures learn. This paper looks at Hofstede's dimension of individualism versus collectivism and explains its relevance to learning as well as the impact on classroom behaviour. Specifically, the paper compares the United States, a very individualistic society, with that of Taiwan, one of the most collective societies in respect to differences in learning styles and attitude.
From the Paper "One aspect noted that impacts learning and classroom behaviour is what happens after the lecture or class is over. The highly individualistic American students immediately left the classroom, while the collectivist international students stayed behind or met to discuss the class. This post class discussion was necessary as part of the collectivist student's assimilation of the knowledge. Additionally it built the necessary rapport between students of the international backgrounds that went beyond the classrooms. Relationships were developed (Lee, Bei, DeVaney 2007). This is an important part of the collectivist learning experience. According to Hofstede (1991), it is considered more appropriate to speak out in a small group, rather than the larger classroom. This is in stark contrast to the individualist learning style of assimilation in the larger group and/or via independent study."
Abstract In this article, the writer examines the theory of the existence of three different dimensions of listening. The writer describes the three different dimensions as purely musical, sensuous and expressive. In this regard, the writer uses Sting's song "Fields of Gold," in order to demostrate the theory. The writer discusses the appreciation of music in this way.
From the Paper "Aaron Copland argues that we listen to music on three planes, the sensuous the expressive and the sheerly musical. I tried to listen on all three planes to Sting's song 'Fields of Gold' which I had heard many times on the radio and as the third song on his CD Ten Summoner's Tales and listening to it this way gave me a whole new appreciation for his artistry. Copland says that the first plane the sensuous is just enjoying the music without thinking about it. That's how ... "
Abstract This paper examines the poem, "Dimensions," by C.K. Williams. It discusses the elements of the poem such as surrealism and a somehow disjointed view of reality that makes reality itself more real. The paper suggests that "Dimensions" is a poem not only about the different aspects of reality, but the poet's place in that reality as well.
From the Paper "In an interview the C.K. Williams gave to the New England Review, he had the following to say about standing outside the source of your work. The interviewer was asking what seemed at first like a trivial question about how Williams' liked living in Paris. He replied, "There's no question there are advantages to having distance from your home place; you can see certain things more clearly if you're not involved in them every day." (Norris 127) This is the perspective of the poet when viewing everyday life. He is somewhere outside it, though he notes "And sometimes one of us, losing the way,/ will drift over the border and see them there, dying,/laughing, being revived." (Williams xx)"
Abstract This paper discusses white as a color and more specifically, white light. The paper describes the qualities of the color white and the multifaceted nature of existence and the way that it relates to significant chemical alterations in nature. The paper goes on to discuss the importance of white light to the scientific understanding of reflective light and the dimensions of other colors.
From the Paper "Dimensions of the Color White Outline I Introduction. White as a color is not often considered to have many dimensions or properties that are significant to either science or society. While white may carry with it the concept of "purity", the color itself is multifaceted and related to significant chemical alterations in nature. White light has been especially important to scientific understanding of reflective light and the dimensions of other colors. Scientifically white must possess certain chemical compounds in order to exist, and in the field of psychology, white speaks to individuals through subconscious messages about the world they live in."
A discussion regarding the use of the colours indigo, purple and violet, and how these colours were perceived throughout history and how they are viewed today.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, 2006, $ 62.95
Abstract This paper discusses the dimensions of Indigos, purples, and violets, all which have strong influences in the histories of many countries and in how society viewed these colors in relation to wealth and social standing. According to the paper, the creation of these colors was a painstaking process that required a craft unto itself. For this reason the use of indigos, purples, and violets were reserved for those of a higher class. In modern times these colors have been important to the study of physiology and psychology because of the impact that they are perceived to have on the mental and physical aspects of the individual.
Abstract In a globalized world, there is a growing need for understanding different types and forms of interaction between people in intercultural environments, i.e. working places, cities, etc. This implies that people refer more and more to various communication models and practices to master communication across cultures. These models ultimately lead to applying best practices in intercultural communication. One of the most popular models is the 7D Cultural Dimensions Model developed by Fons Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-Turner. First, this paper reviews the concept of culture as is related to the model. Second, it presents the seven dimensions of the model. Finally, the paper compares and contrasts the United States and Singapore within the context of the 7D Cultural Dimensions Model. The paper includes tables.
From the Paper "First, there is Recognition, whereby organizations and individuals develop cultural awareness, i.e. knowing who they are on the intercultural world map, to what culture they belong, of what culture they are a product. It is also the stage in which one must recognize and become aware of the fact that there are cultural differences in the world of international cooperation. A common attitude of defense it to ignore the differences, with all the related risks when things go wrong. Recognizing the differences with the culture or context involved is also important in this stage."
This paper discusses the history, which led to the formation of the American-Japanese alliance, the partnership itself in terms of its socio-cultural, economic and geopolitical dimensions and the prospects for the future.
Abstract This paper explains that the kind of partnership, which was forged between these two nations following Japan's defeat in the Second World War, is unprecedented, an unlikely alliance between conqueror and conquered, an unequal alliance that places both parties in a position of advantage. The author points out that a major social factor influencing American-Japanese relations is the sense of insecurity and vulnerability, which the Japanese have, being subject to earthquakes, typhoons, tidal waves and the possibility of domination by nations with greater military strength; whereas, to the Japanese, the high degree of self-confidence displayed by Americans comes across as being "mindless arrogance". The paper relates that the Japan's phenomenal economic growth in the span of a single generation, owing largely to its 1960 "income-doubling program", has raised serious problems for the American-Japanese relationship, especially since it was paralleled by a slow decline in the American economy up until the 1980s.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Overview
Social and Cultural Dimensions Economic Dimensions Geopolitical Dimensions Conclusion: The Future of U.S.-Japanese Relations
From the Paper "U.S.-Japanese relations date back to the middle of the nineteenth century, when, in 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay and opened up Japan to trade with the West. The U.S.-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce, signed in 1857, not only gave the United States an immediate advantage over its Western competitors, but also had the profound effect of re-instating the Japanese Emperor and launching Japan on the road to modernization. A more serious consequence, however, was Japan's emerging imperialist ambitions, which were early demonstrated in its launching of the Sino-Japanese War (1895-1895) with its resultant acquisition of Taiwan as well as in its success in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) and subsequent annexation of Korea (1910) and Manchuria (1931). "
Tags: debt, conquer, multi-polarity, defense, military
Abstract In this review of Bohen H. McCoy's "The Parable of the Sadhu," the writer illustrates how ethics can become cloudy in specific situations. The author further demonstrates how even moral individuals can fail to exercise leadership to ensure that ethical actions are taken during times of distress. The work itself is based on McCoy's encounter with an injured sadhu--or holy man--during a mountain climbing expedition in the Himalayas. From this vantage point, McCoy explores differing approaches to helping a fellow human being in need.
Outline:
Three Dimensions of Ethical Thinking--Situational, Contextual, & Cultural
Three Principles--the Common Good over Self-Interest, the Golden Rule, and Social Justice
Personal Definition of Ethics
Differentiates between Intentions and Deliberate, Ethical Actions both Authored by Him or Herself and by Others
Applies the Dimensions and Principles Chosen above to a Fictional Middle School
Acknowledges Ethical Differences in Dimensions and Principles Across Cultures
From the Paper "While traveling in the Himalayas, the author of "The Parable of the Sadhu," the businessman Bohen McCoy, encountered a Tibetan holy man, a known as a sadhu. The man was apparently coming back after making a pilgrimage. The sadhu wore no shoes, and was naked. Despite the sadhu's evident distress, only one member of McCoy's climbing expedition, an anthropologist named Stephen, moved to aid the sadhu by giving him clothing. A few Japanese climbers from another expedition attempted to help the man but no one really made effectual efforts to ensure the safe return of the ailing pilgrim. The fate of the sadhu still remains unknown."
Abstract The paper focuses on the theory that 'distance' between two countries is manifested along the following four basic dimensions: are cultural, administrative, geographic and economic. The paper first assesses the utility of these dimensions of distance as a strategic tool for companies seeking to develop international markets and supply chains. The paper then shows how linguistic and cultural distance is the most severe of all the four dimensions, followed by administrative, geographical and finally economic distance as the least in the range of severity.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Attributes of Cultural Distance
Attributes of Administrative Justice
Attributes of Geographical Distance
Attributes of Economic Distance
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Ghemawat states that the attributes of a country's culture "determine how people interact with on another and with companies and institutions." (2001) Ghemawat holds that trade between countries who have a common language "will be three times greater than between countries without a common language." (2001) This sounds reasonable as trade is much enhanced by the ability to communicate information about the product and in discussing pricing of the product. One can certainly imagine the difficulty of trade negotiations in which neither party understands the other and product and pricing information is obscure or even unknown due to barriers of language. Ghemawat (2001) states that while some attributes of cultural are easily "perceived and understood...Others are more subtle." For example, there are social norms, described as "deeply rooted system[s] of unspoken principles that guide individuals in their everyday choices and interactions" which are "often nearly invisible" and this is true even for those "who abide by them." (Ghemawat, 2001)"
Abstract This paper attempts to define organisational culture by analysing culture both from Schein's theory of the three levels and Trompenaar's theory of the seven dimensions. In particular, the culture of the fast food chain McDonald's is analysed at different levels using each dimension of Trompenaar's criteria. Finally, the strength of the culture and the ways employees learn and adapt themselves to it are also assessed.
From the Paper "The second dimension, individualism versus communitarianism, is the difference between a focus on the individual and the group. In individualistic cultures, people place the individual before the community. Individual happiness, fulfilment, and welfare are what define the organisation and quality of life for all members of society is seen as directly dependent on opportunities for individual freedom and development. In contrast, communitarian cultures place the community before the individual. It is the responsibility of the individual to act in ways that serve society, and by doing so, individual needs will be taken care of naturally."
Abstract This paper explores the ethical dimensions of computer graphics used for virtual reality video games. The paper analyzes and evaluates these graphics in terms of their intrinsic and instrumental value dimensions. The paper outlines the technological changes that are apparent in hardware and software regarding virtual reality. The paper describes the hardware, software and potentially human components of user interfaces, explaining the functionality and also performance, aesthetic and emotional attributes.
From the Paper "Users/video game players are less constrained to their locales and are able to perform any task, at any place, using whatever tools are available there. The user interfaces provided in systems accommodate this and the user continues to play seamlessly. The graphics display presents spatial information to the peripheral retina that facilitates navigation, flow and movement, and temporal stimulation that cues the user/video game player where to look. "
Abstract The paper discusses Physiological Space in architecture, noting that this dimension both allows and encourages the viewer to orient him or herself with the work and to gain meaning from the experience. The physiological space is not simply a reflection of physical space but includes a psychological dimension that cannot be discounted. The paper explains that the way the viewer is oriented to the art involves not merely where he or she stands and how he or she relates physically to the work, but also the mental constructs involved, the psychological reactions and other internal processes.
Abstract This study aims to identify, from a qualitative perspective, those components of healthcare that are related to patients' perception of quality of care and how these relate to their overall satisfaction. The paper also aims to determine whether a quantitative component is required to complete the analysis in a comprehensive fashion. The paper then reviews relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to support its conclusions.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Measuring the Dimensions of Patient Satisfaction
Dimensions of Patient Satisfaction
Qualitative versus Quantitative Patient Satisfaction Surveys
Five Characteristics of Effective Quantitative Research
Conclusion
From the Paper "The bad news is that while qualitative patient satisfaction surveys represent a low-cost and generally effective and efficient method of collecting a great deal of relevant information in a fairly short period of time, the method has its limitations. For instance, Maruish (2004) reports that the return rates for qualitative patient satisfaction surveys that are mailed to healthcare consumers are typically low, in some cases so low as to limit the representativeness of the data that is received. Furthermore, there is no method available to objectify or validate the patients' perceptions of change due to treatment, particularly because the reported degree of change tends to be overstated; patient satisfaction surveys also provide researchers with scant information related to symptomatic change, and the resulting data is not available to help address problems that may occur during the patient's initial treatment (Maruish, 2004)."
Abstract The paper compares the Dell Dimension C521 and the Apple iMac 17" that are both consumer-oriented desktop computers. The paper relates that they differ in price and in terms of their technical status and their technological parts. The paper looks at their hardware and software and explains that they utilize different operating systems, with the Dell Dimension desktop more fully customizable than the iMac.
From the Paper "The Dell Dimension C521 comes with an AMD Sempron 3400+ processor or a AMD Athlon 64 X2 dual-core, at varying speeds depending on the user's preference. The iMac 17" comes with either an 2.0GHz Intel Core 2 Duo or a 1.83GHz. However, the consumer can upgrade the processor to 2.16 GHz on the iMac. The different processor brands (Intel and AMD) are comparable but the Dimension C521 comes with the low-end Sempron."
