Abstract
A paper on the subject of social dilemmas. The paper looks at how the individual is influenced to act differently depending on different social dilemmas, and discusses the important role that cooperation plays by bringing about decisions and solutions. The paper further notes that cooperation is only achievable if the person is willing to cooperate with others.

From the Paper
"When it comes to social dilemmas, why do people make the decisions they do? What part does accountability play in social dilemmas? These are important questions when looking at the social and philosophical aspects of social dilemmas. Individuals are influenced to act differently depending on what the issues in the social dilemmas are. Cooperation is achievable if the person is willing to cooperate with others and to listen openly what solutions are available. Cooperation plays an important role in social dilemmas bringing about decisions and solutions that can only happen when individuals are willing to cooperate."

Tags:social, dilemmas, cooperation

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that inclusion presents dilemmas in principle because the real human right, that all pupils receive a good education, is easily confused with something else, that all pupils receive the same education. The writer maintains that inclusion also creates dilemmas in principle because it represents an intensification, and not a resolution, of a dilemma that has always been inherent within mainstream education - how to impart a single education to children who are different from one another. Finally, the writer notes that inclusion also presents dilemmas in practice for a host of reasons to do with implementation at school governance and individual classroom level for which high-sounding statements about 'community', 'infinite potential', 'inclusion' etc. offer no guidance. The writer concludes that in this context, the religious education (RE) teacher has a duty to use the unique capacity of RE to capture the unique potentials of pupils whose particular challenges can only be appreciated over the long-term by a vigilant and caring class teacher.

From the Paper
"As well as presenting dilemmas - and conflicts of interest - in principle, there is a vast range of practical dilemmas arising from inclusion of which the following represents the tip of the iceberg. Where pupils present severe behavioural problems, for example, schools are faced with the dilemma of using resources for in-class support or using them to support intensive withdrawal work. Eventually, some schools face the dilemma of struggling to control pupils with extreme behavioural difficulties or excluding them altogether. Schools face a dilemma of diverting resources from mainstream education only to plough them into projects designed to cope with behavioural difficulties that could perhaps be treated more cost-effectively - without the diseconomy of small scale - beyond the individual school.
"A further dilemma that arises from the attempts to implement inclusion within school is that of developing systems, structures and procedures of enabling inclusion to occur. In the schools studied by Clarke and colleagues, the most common form of technology was in-class support."

Tags:differences, difficulties, classes, resources

Abstract
This paper examines the various dilemmas that are inherent in the concepts of equality and discrimination. According to the paper, this is because risk is involved whether the difference is ignored or recognized, either in equal treatment or special treatment. Stigma is attached to difference and does not permit equality since difference is equated with deviance. When feminist legal theorists and advocates expose the assumptions underlying dilemmas then it is possible to reconsider and reinterpret relationships and patterns of power which impact on the consequences of difference.

From the Paper
"Dilemmas are inherent in the concepts of equality and discrimination because risk is involved whether difference is ignored or recognized, either in equal treatment or special treatment (Minow, 1990). Stigma is attached to difference and does not permit equality since difference is equated with deviance. When feminist legal theorists and advocates expose the assumptions underlying dilemmas then it is possible to reconsider and reinterpret relationships and patterns of power which impact on the consequences of difference. Articulating and examining previously unstated assumptions also can lead to innovative solutions to apparently..."

Tags:equality, discrimination, feminists

Abstract
This paper give a brief summary of the work, "Night" by Elie Wiesel. It reviews the value systems at play and then discusses the ethical dilemmas faced by the characters in the book. The paper then discusses the primary ethical dilemma--man vs. himself--in "Night," and how it cannot possibly resolve itself under the circumstances of concentration camp life.

From the Paper
"In the third step, Ruggiero outlines a procedure for a possible course of action. In terms of Elie Wiesel's possible courses of action, they were fairly limited. Given the circumstance and resources available, Wiesel was given an impossible scenario to maintain his ethical adherence to Judaism and God. While it is true that some maintained their practices and beliefs both during and after the Holocaust, Wiesel was in the majority in terms of abandoning at least some portion of his original beliefs. A possible different course of action could have been to simply put his beliefs on hold, so to speak, and revisit them after the tragedy had completed itself. This however, is illogical in that is simply ignores the massive dehumanization endured. Therefore, although different courses of action were available, Wiesel maintained a logical and ethical stance on his beliefs."

Tags:values, Holocaust, values, themes

Abstract
The paper presents a discussion of two ethical dilemmas related to corporate activity. One involves finding a competitor's confidential new product announcement. The second dilemma involves use of a new product. Issues of intellectual property and obligation to stakeholders are discussed.

From the Paper
"Faced with the opportunity to salvage her own research budget due to the unexpected gift of a competitor's new product announcement found on an airplane, an auto industry market intelligence manager must make an important ..."

Tags:business ethisc, proprietary information, custoemr relationships

Abstract
The paper discusses how ethical dilemmas in social work are inevitable, however, they are resolved through the social work profession's code of ethics which promotes core values. The paper considers how the development of online technology has raised privacy and confidentiality issues, especially in the online research environment. The paper also notes that if a client's well-being cannot take precedence in terms of the code of ethics, it is important to inform him/her of the situation and of the options that are being considered.

From the Paper
"Franklin Harris & Allen-Maeres (2006, p. 922) identify an ethical dilemma as a situation of which all outcomes are potentially or partially undesirable in terms of one or more of the interested parties. The task of the social worker is then to use the Code of Ethics, legislation, and the core values of the profession to help in making the soundest possible decision. In a case where the concern for privacy and confidentiality can potentially lead to harm or even death, for example, this concern takes a subordinate position to the health and safety of all concerned. Hepworth et al. (2009:75) mention the example of "Alice," who confidentially disclosed her HIV status to a social worker. The social worker is now faced with her concern for confidentiality as opposed to the health and safety of her husband and others such as medical practitioners who may be required to provide services to Alice. Hepworth et al. further mention that the social worker should also make use of supervisory help such as professionals from the legal and other professions to identify the applicable regulations in terms of HIV disclosure. This, together with the core values and principles promoted by the Code of Ethics, the social worker can then make the optimal decision."

Tags:confidentiality, Internet, integrity, principles, values

Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a 75 year old man who suffered from cardiorespiratory arrest, was treated in ICU for seven days, and was not responding to treatment. The paper discusses the family's feelings regarding the patient's care, as well as the aims of the hospital. It then analyzes the ethical dilemmas involved in the case, particularly where there are conflicting desires.

From the Paper
"Lastly, the principle of justice also plays an important part in this case. Justice is to give to a person what is due (McCormick, 2008). There must be a fair distribution of resources in the society. Nowadays, a hospital may encounter a shortage of nursing and medical staff, medications, bed space, and equipment. Therefore, the principle of justice helps in deciding how to allocate these resources to admitted patients. Ideally speaking, people who are equals must be given equal treatment. However, there are times when the resources are not enough to allocate for every patient. Hospitals may allocate resources by triage, outcome of patient's quality of life, first come first served, or macro-allocation (Jonsen and Edwards, 2008). In allocating care for Mr. B., one should ask if continuing care for a man with a grave prognosis is still justifiable. The longer that Mr. B uses resources from the hospital, he might deprive others of resources who have a greater chance of living. However, the principle of justice emphasizes on the fact that every patient should receive the best medical treatment possible. Therefore, Mr. B should receive adequate resources for him to live."

Tags:treatment, ICU, support

Abstract
This paper discusses medical ethical dilemmas that are related to genetic testing. In particular, the paper looks at the development of testing and potential treatment of genetically based disease or disease risk. The paper also discusses the value of genetic testing based on the idea that one must know what causes a disease or a disease risk before it can be prevented.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Ethic of Care vs. Ethic of Justice
Economic Issues of Genetic Testing
Stigmatization
Conclusion

From the Paper
"What the long term effects of selecting out these traits of abnormality may do is an unknown, but it could fundamentally shift the paradigm of what is an acceptable allocation for resources and support. Traditional models of care and resources could be significantly impacted by the idea that we as a world have the resources and information necessary to select these abnormalities out of the gene pool and if that is not done then it is no longer society's responsibility to care for an support those who are mentally and or physically abnormal. Additionally, the fundamental idea of what it means as parent to raise a child with a disability may be shifted, as more and more people seek out the avoidance of such through genetic testing."

Tags:disease, treatment, research

Abstract
This paper explains that, when feminist legal theorists and advocates expose the assumptions underlying dilemmas, which are inherent in the concepts of equality and discrimination, it is possible to reconsider and reinterpret relationships and patterns of power that impact on the consequences of difference. The paper then outlines these assumptions along with the counter-assumptions that have been formulated by feminist legal theorists. The paper stresses that all of the assumptions are present in the "Little Sisters" case in which it was decided that gay and lesbian pornography poses a threat to sex equality.

From the Paper
"Equality rights under the Charter have caused dilemmas additional problems beyond the issues that were to be resolved. While the Charter in combination with legislation is designed to protect women and children from sexual violence and victimization, the defendant is actually the individual who receives protection. Once again, the male norm becomes predominant so that, as feminists point out, the state participates in the male control of female sexuality. To overcome the equality problem and the issue of intrinsic differences, feminists fought for legislation using new terms such as 'gender neutral assault'."

Tags:intrinsic, relational, reference, judge, choices, expectations

Abstract
The paper describes the scenario where a 5-year-old boy witnessed his father out for dinner with a woman who was not his mother and is thus confronted with the moral dilemma of whether or not to tell, in regards to both his mother and father. The paper considers the issue from Piaget's perspective who theorizes that the moral dilemma is essentially a stage above the child's development; he is not entirely equipped with the necessary skills to understand the moral implications of the situation. The paper then looks at Kohlberg's ideas and how he believes that the child's self interest and lack of full logic cannot enable him to make an entirely self-actualized decision. The paper therefore shows how from the perspectives of both Piaget and Kohlberg, the child is not fit to deal with the situation.

Outline:
An Introductory Moral Dilemma
Piaget's Perspective
The Kohlberg Stage
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the case of moral dilemmas, children experience the situation in a rather different fashion than that of adults. This is largely due to the fact that children are in the process of growing and forming their perceptions of the world, and thus their stage of development is to be taken into account when assessing their reaction. In the instance of a moral dilemma, this development is to be of particular note, as some children may not have developed the cognitive abilities necessary to property deal with a particular situation, thereby making the unprepared for both the consequences, and implications, of their decision."

Tags:child, development, reasoning, logic, capacities