Abstract The writer looks at how the concept of a camera and film has evolved and been transformed over the years. In this paper, the writer examines the workings of a digitalcamera. The article includes relevant illustrations. The writer also considers the benefits of digitalcameras over film cameras.
From the Paper "Cameras of all kinds-still video film digital-have become so ubiquitous that Americans seemingly take them for granted. Once cumbersome to the point that taking a photograph required subjects to sit still for several minutes, today's cameras have progressed to the point that they exist in cellular phones. Despite the fact that digital and film cameras are both called cameras they use significantly different technology to capture images. This research considers how film cameras evolved into digital cameras and the advantages associated with the ... "
Abstract The paper describes how the Sony Cybershot digitalcamera exhibits a blend of form and function. The paper discusses the features of image stabilization, various modes, and a built-in microphone that allows the camera to perform the function of audio capture and a zoom lens. The paper also looks at several formal features that are directly related to their functions, for example, the battery and memory card storage spaces that hold those items.
From the Paper "The Sony Cybershot digital camera exhibits a blend of form and function. Formal elements convey function, and function is communicated via form. The features that the Sony Cybershot shares with pre-digital cameras include all the elements that make a camera what it is: a lens; some kind of viewfinder; and a trigger to take shots. However, the digital camera possess several features that demonstrate the different functions between a digital and film camera. The Sony Cybershot in particular offers user-friendly functions specific to the art, hobby, and science of photography. Moreover, many of the Sony Cybershot functions are hidden, embedded in the camera's hardware and firmware or simply invisible."
An analysis of the history of digital photography and a comparison of its results with those of analog cameras, focusing on black and white developments.
Abstract This paper argues that digitalcameras are better than analogue cameras. Specifically, the paper looks briefly at the history of digital photography, at its utility in matters such as record-keeping and crime-fighting and at some noteworthy instances of digital photography producing impressive and compelling works. Finally, the paper looks at all of the various reasons why it may be said that digital black and white photography is better than analog black and white photography.
From the Paper "More than that, the technology that makes digital black and white photographs possible always runs the risk of becoming obsolete. For instance, the old Epson 2200, 7600, 9600 printers have been pushed aside by Epson Stylus Pro 4800, by the Epson Stylus Pro 7800, and by the Epson Stylus Pro 9800 (FLAAR Network, para.8); simply put, unlike the fairly low-maintenance prints rendered by analog cameras, the "splashy" digital B&W prints of today place photography enthusiasts in the uncomfortable position of seeking out new technological tools that have a (quite literally) a built-in obsolescence factor. Be that as it may, though, most photographers will gladly accept this trade-off if it means the chance to be more creative."
Abstract This paper reviews and discusses the history of photography. According to the paper, George Eastman introduced the first film roll in 1884 and the first camera called a Kodak, in 1888. The paper then goes on to discuss the digitalcamera and the development of photography.
From the Paper "There were many attempts until the XIX century to capture drawings or images using the reaction to light, but the resulting work always deteriorated. In 1816 Joseph-Nicephore Niepce succeeded to capture the first negative images, using paper treated with silver chloride but failed to fixate the image. He managed to achieve positive images using a pewter plate covered with a petroleum derivative called bitumen of Judea . Although ti was successful there were still many problems to cover. He received the reversed image, and the exposure took hours to fixate the picture, which caused the sun to move and alter the position of the light. Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre, interested in Niepce's work conducted his own researches. In 1835 he published his first results, called daguerreotype. This was a sheet of silver-coated copper, treated with iodine vapor. He achieved to reduce the exposure time to 30 minutes, achieving a barely visible image that he later revealed with mercury vapor and fixated with salty hot water. "
Abstract This paper examines the cell phone and digitalcamera as an artifact of modern life, looking at how it changes communication, chronicles events, and achieves intimacy.
From the Paper "The New York World's Fair was notable for an event that was intended to provide a cultural artifact for future generations to study, a time capsule was created and buried at the site for discovery by future generations ..."
Abstract This paper provides a segmentation, targeting, and positioning study for the Kodak EasyShare camera line, including a review of the literature and an emphasis on two internal factors that can impact consumer purchasing for the product: motivation and learning. An explanation of how the concepts in the literature can be applied to Kodak's marketing for the EasyShare series is detailed, followed by recommendations on how the information can be put to use in Kodak's marketing.
From the Paper "One of today's hottest new markets is the digital camera market. A myriad of digital cameras with varying specifications have flooded the market making it difficult for consumers to choose. Kodak EasyShare camera..."
Abstract The paper analyzes the radar cameras and red light cameras on the road. The paper relates how since the 1990s these technological methods for catching motorists in the act of speeding or running red lights has been touted by advocates as a powerful weapon for improving the safety of the roads. The paper explains, however, that critics call the technology Orwellian and they claim that the cameras have been employed primarily to increase revenue both for individual cities as well as the vendors who provide this technology. This paper researches the general pros and cons of the issue, examining some pertinent legislation.
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to examine the radar cameras and red light cameras. Since the 1990s these technological methods for catching motorists in the act of speeding or running red lights has been touted by advocates as a powerful weapon for improving the safety of the roads. However, critics call the technology Orwellian and claim that the cameras have been employed primarily to increase revenue both for individual cities as well as the vendors who provide this technology. This paper will research the general pros and cons of the issue, examining some pertinent legislation as well as the major claims of both sides of the matter. In the end, however, it is and will be my position that photo radar and red light cameras are effective only at lining the city coffers."
This paper examines the constitutionality of the Red Light Camera Program. Although the Supreme Court found the program constitutional, the controversy continues.
Abstract Red Light Cameras snap photos of speeders and red-light runners but they are also used to check and monitor traffic on selected roadways. The writer shows that the use of these cameras is growing as are motorists' fears of being watched. The paper traces the controversy showing both sides of the case that is reminiscent of a futuristic novel.
From the Paper "Red Light Cameras are new additions to a range of tools, which law enforcement officers use to catch motorists who run red lights at will. They snap photos of speeders and red light runners but they are also used to check and monitor traffic on selected roadways. Although they are fast becoming a favorite of traffic safety advocates, these techniques, if not conducted within set guidelines and communicated about effectively, can prompt strong negative reactions among a small but vocal minority who see them as "big brother" techniques designed to trample citizens' rights."
Discusses the use of digital imaging in hospital radiology departments, the promise it holds, how it is evolving and the main types of digital imaging.
Abstract This paper explains that, in spite of the usefulness and potential of the digital imaging process in hospital radiology departments, the cost of the equipment it requires has stopped digital imaging in hospital radiology departments from progressing and growing as fast as was hoped. The paper also explains that the slow progression towards digital imagery does not mean that the importance for the future that the technology holds should be discounted. The paper then discusses the two main types of digital imaging systems as they relate to hospital radiology departments and concludes with a discussion of image quality and its significance. A copy of the source documents used are also appended to the paper.
Table of Contents
The Evolution of Digital Imaging
Computed Radiography (CR)
Digital Radiography (DR)
Image Quality
From the Paper "Digital imaging in hospital radiology departments came about for several reasons. The most important of these, however, was the idea that the digital images could be viewed by any authorized person at any time, thus making it much easier and faster for those that needed to see them to have access to these images (Gillespie, 1999). These digital images eliminate the need for films and film libraries, thus freeing up space, as well. However, there are still problems with this issue that have stopped digital imaging in hospital radiology departments from progressing and growing as fast as was hoped. The major concern for these departments is the cost that is incurred when it comes to the digital imaging equipment, which is much more expensive than the older methods that were previously used to take x-rays and perform other functions (Gillespie, 1999)."
Abstract This paper defines digital radiography as a branch of radiography which converts X-ray images to electronic data which can then be viewed and read by radiologists on a monitor. The writer stresses the convenience of being able to store digital radiographic images on computer discs. This paper details the various uses and advantages of digital radiography including the fact that this particular method is quicker and far more accurate than the previous practice of producing x-ray images. This paper discusses the differences between computed radiography and digital direct radiography while also delving into the pros and cons of both radiographic methods.
From the Paper "The 'Direct Digital Radiography' System provides options for the transition to digital technology. This system offers the highest quality images that are available in DR today. Developed only in recent years, the system can be used across a large number of potential applications. The advantages of the system are that it consists of two types of detectors, one direct and the other, indirect. In the setup for its imaging, indirect sensors convert x-rays into light, and then convert that into electronic signals. The images depend on both signal profiles as well as on image resolution. The system relies on a scintillation method, wherein x-ray energy may be converted into light, and this light can then be converted into electronic signals by thin-film diodes."
Tags: computer, digital, technology, radiology, x-ray, film
Abstract The paper refers to critical media sources and some laws regarding the threat posed by digitalization to corporate recording interests. The paper provides a commentary on the overall phenomenon of digitalization as it stands to alter consciousness and what we understand by copyright, by laws involving special ownership and the very nature of reality. The paper notes the failure to distinguish between digitalization and its more cultural, thematic result in the digitalization that is such a threat to recording industry sovereignty.
From the Paper "Digitalization presents a number of considerations that affect the whole business of media and communication, as they have generated corporate wealth for a half-century or so. Moreover, digitalization may indicate a permanent shift in how cultural products are understood, our consciousness of what is accessible and our sense of entitlement, property and laws governing these concepts. Corporations are losing control of recorded products over which they once enjoyed monopoly and forcing new ventures of unknown success. Indeed, interests whose products are threatened by digitalization are proving to be poor sports, wanting capitalist activities protected by public and legal intervention."
Abstract The topic of this study is the digitization of photography and its impact on arts institution administration. The writer discusses that there are several avenues to be explored when assessing the impact of digitization, from the purely technical to the purely artistic. Within the exploration of these areas of interest, the writer maintains that an assessment may be constructed regarding what changes, for good or ill, might be caused by an increasingly expanding digital photography universe and not least because of the sudden and almost total accessibility of virtually everyone to digital photography equipment. The writer claims that this will undoubtedly change the photography world; whether it will cause a greater or lesser interest in the work of photographic artists has yet to be seen. The writer concludes that in either case, however, the process is likely to cause significant change in art administration.
Table of Contents:
Statement of the Topic
Objectives of Research
Design and Methodology
Sampling
Timeline
Justification
From the Paper "Because photographic digitization depends on developments in information technology, an assessment of Moore's Law on the changes in photography and resulting changes in arts administration is required. Moore's Law, developed by Gordon Moore a generation ago, when computing was in its relative infancy, proposes that "the performance for a given price of microprocessors doubles every 18 months...." At the time, Herman said that process continued unabated; it is conceivable that the doubling of capacity is even quicker by now.
In any case, because of this, planning for 'cutting edge' shows would become more and more demanding; in fact, it will become more and more incumbent upon arts administrators to keep breast of changes in digital photography, and perhaps even to anticipate them. This changes the administration role from a relatively passive to quite an active role."
Abstract This paper explores the various aspects of digital painting enhancement from ethical concerns to techniques. The paper looks at how digital enhancement allows the artist to go beyond the limitations of the brush, bringing a new dimension to art. The paper contends digital enhancement should be considered as just another tool for the artist to use.
From the Paper "Every time technology moves ahead, invading the world of art, we are presented with exciting new opportunities along with difficult challenges. Such is the case with the advent of digitally enhanced painting. Digital enhancement allows us to push the envelope, invent new forms of expression, add rich dimension to old forms and step into the refreshing world of the unexplored. Although digital enhancement is resisted by some people for what are probably excellent reasons, it is embraced by others for reasons just as laudable..."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses how the act of business transactions have changed due to the progress in technology. The writer examines the effect of digital signatures on e-commerce, including the need for digital signatures. In this paper, the writer explores how digital signatures work. The paper also discusses the outlook for the future. Further, the writer looks at the importance of identity in cyberspace.
From the Paper "For thousands of years transactions between individuals were conducted face-to-face. There was little doubt about who the buyer or seller was and when cash was involved it was not necessary to know for certain who was whom. Indeed even in today's high-technology world, cash transactions still carry the greatest amount of anonymity since the funds are guaranteed. As credit became more and more common, it became necessary to ensure that the persons involved with commercial transactions had the authority to perform those transactions."
Tags: computer science, internet sales, e-commerce, digital signatures, cryptography, public keys
Abstract This paper explains how scanners can transfer text and pictures into digital form for manipulation and storage. The author points out that digital imagining allows storage in a smaller area. The paper relates that digital imagining manipulates information into a different format for use in desktop publishing of company documents and similar uses.
From the Paper "Digital imaging has a wide variety of uses today, serving as a new means of photography, empowering office copiers, allowing for the transfer of images over long distances, and so on. Digital technology is computer technology translating information into a series of numbers, computer code that can be read and transformed back into the original form. Digital information can be text, sound, or pictures when translated, and in its digital form the information can be stored, retrieved, sent from one place to another, and altered, all with greater ease than changing the original material. Digital imaging in the workplace is found in office computers, copiers, fax machines, databases, and so on."
