Abstract
Presented in a graph form, this paper provides great detail about the digestive systems of the smallest of creatures in the "kingdom animalia." It explains how lysosome produces a digestive enzyme to breakdown bigger molecules of fat, protein, and carbohydrates, into simple protein, monosaccharides and fatty acid to send to cytoplasm for the cell's life, then converted into energy for cell growth.

From the Paper
"The higher phyla, starting from Cnidaria develops extracellular digestive system as well as it develops into radial body symmetry. Cnidarian possess incomplete gastrovascular cavity, tube-like digestive system in which water and other smaller organisms are transported in. Such organism like hydra has digestive layer called gastrodermis, which excretes digestive enzymes to assimilate food. This system is also adapted by Platyhelminthes, which also has similar gastrovascular cavity, mouth without anus."

Tags:animal, digestive, system

Abstract
This paper answers a number of questions relating to the human digestive system. The topics covered include the structure of the digestive system, its function and its physiology.

From the Paper
"The mucosa is the innermost lining of the digestive tract. In some regions the surface is folded to increase surface area. The mucosa contains different types of cells that secrete mucus digestive enzymes and hormones. Ducts from other glands penetrate the mucosa to open into the lumen. In the stomach and intestines the epithelium is simple columnar for secretion and absorption, but in the mouth and anus, where protection against abrasion, is required the epithelium is stratified squamous. "

Tags:digestive, system

Abstract
This paper provides a thorough explanation of the human digestive system and the process by which we digest our food. The paper discusses how the human digestive system is an intriguing mechanism involving different organs and enzymes in a complex mechanical and biochemical processes. The paper goes on to name and explain each process.

Outline:
Thesis
Introduction
The Saliva
The Stomach (Chemical and mechanical Breakdown)
The Small Intestine (Enzymatic Breakdown and Absorption)
Absorption of Nutrients
Absorption of Vitamins and Minerals
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A brief description of the structure of the stomach would help in gaining a better understanding of this important organ. The stomach is divided into four regions namely the Cardia, fundus, the body, and the pylorus. The stomach has two openings namely the cardiac orifice, which connects with the esophagus, and the pyloric orifice on its lower end, which leads to the duodenum. The fundus is the curved up area that extends above the cardiac orifice. The body or the intermediate region is the largest part of the stomach, which gradually leads to the pyloric portion that connects to the small intestine via the pyloric aperture. The stomach wall is composed of four different layers. The innermost layer is the mucosa. The mucosa is made up of gastric glands and gastric pits and secretes around 2 litres of gastric juice per day. This gastric juice is made up of HCL, protease (pepsin) and lipase. Parietal cells of the mucosa secrete hydrochloric acid. The goblet cells in the gastric pits that line the mucosa secrete mucus, producing the mucosal barrier that prevents the strong digestive acid from corroding the mucosa. [MSU]"

Tags:esophagus, saliva, transporter, sodium, ion, reflex, vitamins, nutrients, food

Abstract
When most individuals think of the digestive system, they think of those organs within the alimentary canal: the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Organs that serve other purposes within the human body such as the gallbladder, liver and pancreas receive attention, but not in relation to their purpose as part of the accessory group of organs associated with the digestive tract. This paper presents a detailed discussion on these accessory organs limited to their purpose within the digestive tract.

From the Paper
"Imholtz (n.d.) tells us that accessory organs of the digestive tract are those that assist the digestive process but are organs of which no food passes through. Tamarkin (2006) comments that the major accessory organs such as the pancreas, gallbladder and liver have function other than those for digestion, but within the digestive system, they are considered exocrine glands that secrete fluids into ducts."

Tags:gallbladder, liver, pancreas

Abstract
This paper describes and discusses the mechanism of the digestive system. It looks at the different organs and enzymes that are involved in the complex mechanical and biochemical processes of digestion. The paper focuses on the roles of saliva, the stomach and the small intestines. It then looks at the absorption of nutrients, vitamins and minerals.

Table of Contents:
Thesis
Introduction
The Saliva
The Stomach (Chemical and mechanical Breakdown)
The Small Intestine (Enzymatic Breakdown and Absorption)
Absorption of Nutrients
Absorption of Vitamins and Minerals
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The human digestive system is an intriguing mechanism involving different organs and enzymes in a complex mechanical and biochemical processes. Starting from the mouth and ending in the small intestine, the entire digestive mechanism is highly evolved and controlled by involuntary reflex actions that are triggered at every point by particular stimulus factors. While the stomach is the place where the main part of digestion begins, it is the small intestine where the final breakdown of respective ingredients occurs. The small intestine is also the region through which the finely broken down substances are absorbed back into the blood stream or the lymphatic system. The entire digestive process and the activities inside the alimentary canal offer an interesting peep into the amazing world of biochemical processes and cellular biomechanics."

Tags:gastric, endocrine, anatomy, physiology, stomach, saliva

Abstract
Digestion consists of a physical and chemical breakdown of food. Because of the complexity and large size of the digestive system, diseases that can interfere with the body system are numerous and varied in their modes of transmission, their symptoms, their treatments, and their possible short-term and long-term effects. This paper focuses on three such diseases: Cirrhosis of the liver (caused by viral Hepatitis), hookworm disease (caused by hookworms), and cholera (caused by Vibrio cholerae). Each disease is examined in turn, its symptoms and its treatment. The diseases are summarized in a table at the end of the paper.

From the Paper
"The large size of the digestive system, along with the diverse group of organs associated with it; prevent the presentation of one specific defense mechanism against diseases. Depending on which organ the disease tends to focus on, the body reacts uniquely for that organ. However, the most definitive action taken against digestive system diseases are regulations and standards for living conditions. Many diseases that affect the digestive system relate directly to food, and undercooked food, mishandled food, and poor sanitation conditions are common factors in someone contracting a digestive system illness."

Tags:food, bloodstream, modes, of, transmission, symptoms, treatments, cholera, hepatitis

Abstract
The paper outlines the digestive system and its processes and functions. Then, the paper turns to the respiratory system and its functions and explains in detail how breathing works. The paper also considers the possibility of a robot being able to mimic an organ system in the body.

From the Paper
"As a person with Cystic Fibrosis I face a battle every day. With my CF my respiratory and digestive systems are the most affected. The problems I face are breathing and maintaining my weight which is a constant struggle. My body does not get the proper nutrients out of the food I eat so I have to take enzymes to aid the digestion process. My lungs work at an average of 20% of a normal person my age, height and expected build. I chose the respiratory system and digestive system for this paper to get a better understanding of what goes on in each of them."

Tags:mastication, intestine, respiration, breathing, lungs, robot

Abstract
This paper focuses on tests used at a fictional middle school, with an emphasis on the Woodcock-Johnson test that assesses and evaluates the intelligence of the respondent. This paper compares three tests in a table form, and contains a brief fictional interview with the head of a school in charge of overseeing the tests. The bulk of the paper concentrates on the Woodcock-Johnson test.

From the Paper
"The interview took place with Phillip M. Harlow, Assistant Vice Principal at Smithback Middle School. Harlow has received additional training in the administration of standardized tests and educates the personnel at Smithback in how to effectively administer and collect standardized tests. The counselor was enthusiastic about the increase in standardized tests..."

Tags:woodcock, johnson, test, standardized

Abstract
This paper examines the nervous and digestive systems of reptiles, emphasizing their main characteristics and briefly compare them to the nervous and digestive systems at other vertebrates including humans. The author points out that the anatomical characteristics of the reptile's nervous system, such as the position of the brain or the spinal cord, resemble closely those of the human and higher vertebrates; the reptilian nervous system has developed to provide the best adaptation of the reptiles' necessities, with emphasis on sight, smell and motor functions. The paper relates that birds and reptiles are the only vertebrates to have the cloacae chamber, the removal system of the body, is where the feces is discharged; the urodaeum receives the urogenital tract ducts and the proctodaeum acts as a common collecting area prior to evacuation.

From the Paper
"As such, the reptilian nervous system is formed of two different components: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system is composed of all nervous tissues and structures that do not actually belong to the CNS. As at other vertebrates, the brain, constituent part of the central nervous system, is protected by the skull. The bones forming the skull similarly have names such as parietal and occipital, which also form the human skull, for example."

Tags:vertebrates, adaptation, cloacae, whole, esophagus

Abstract
This paper offers an explanation of the Anthrax disease. The paper begins by defining Anthrax as an acute disease that is caused by a bacteria known as bacillus anthracis. The paper then explains the various methods of contracting Anthrax which include cutaneous through the skin, inhalation and gastrointestinal through food or digesting the bacteria. The paper includes a number of references to reports on the issue by the center for disease control and the FBI. The paper makes reference to the recent Anthrax scares in the U.S., where a white powdery substance was sent via postal mail across the country.

From the Paper
"The cutaneous form of anthrax occurs as an infection of the skin. This type of anthrax is caused by touching animals or animal products with an anthrax infection. The cutaneous form of anthrax is the least serious form of anthrax. The inhaled version of anthrax occurs when a person inhales anthrax spores that are present in infected animal products or in soil that has been exposed to infected animals. The inhaled version of anthrax is the most serious form of the disease. The gastrointestinal version of anthrax occurs by eating undercooked meat from animals with anthrax. This is the rarest form of anthrax that people can contract."

Tags:terrorist, september, 11, mail, post, usps, disease, fbi, cutaneous, inhalation