Abstract The paper seeks to identify effective legal approaches to diffusing religious-based tensions in states where religious and political affairs are intertwined. The paper examines scholarly and governmental literature to provide an overview of the respective legal systems of six different countries, their experiences with religious-based acts of terrorism in recent years, and what the legal systems of these countries do on their own to address these pressing issues. The paper summarizes the research and salient conclusions.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Methodology
Overview of Study
Definition of Key Terms
Review of Related Literature
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper "Finally, and perhaps most regrettably of all, there appears to be an inverse relationship between how authoritarian and restrictive a society's legal system is compared to its incidence of terrorist activities. Those countries where free speech and democratic processes are well established have turned out to be the perfect place for terrorists to find accommodations while they plot acts of violence against the very same societies that allow them to operate with such impunity. How can these same social frameworks be transformed to counter these threats without sacrificing the essential elements of their society that makes them free? This question has perplexed historians, politicians and scholars, and it continues to present policymakers with a number of choices, most of which are bad - from a free society's perspective at least -- it would seem. Because the stakes are so high, there is little room for false starts or experimentation when addressing the fundamental issues involved in addressing a multifaceted and enormously volatile problem such as religious-based international terrorism. It would seem like a reasonable starting point for the respective legal systems reviewed herein would be to clean up their own acts making access to them easier for the average citizen, and to enforce the laws that are already on the books concerning conspiracy and terrorism. Placing further restrictions on a country's citizenry through the legal system only plays into the hands of terrorists who seek to foment unrest and dissatisfaction, just as the propagandists of the past and today. Yet, some limitations need to be considered on just how free a society can be and still tolerate the imposition of religious-based changes and remain a free state."
Abstract The paper relates that diffuse interstitial fibrosis (DIF) is a class of numerous related progressive diseases characterized by increased difficulty breathing. The paper explains the symptoms and diagnosis, causes and treatment of these diseases.
Outline:
Introduction
Diagnosis and Symptoms
Causes
Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper "Diffuse interstitial fibrosis (DIF) is a class of specific diseases of the respiratory tissues in the lungs. The individual diseases that DIF comprises include diffuse parenchymal lung disease, alveolitis, and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA). In addition, thee are two other forms of unknown ("idiopathic) origin, idiopathic pulmonary pneumonitis (IPP) and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). All the DIF diseases are characterized by intense inflammation of the lower lung tissues. Over time, the inflammation leads to long-term scarring of the deep lung tissue and to respiratory problems."
Abstract The diffusion of technology into educational settings has long been a subject of great interest. The author of this paper examines the technology diffusion of innovations into middle school classrooms as it pertains to the areas of social studies, math, science, and career connections classes. The paper's writer reviews current literature based on E. Rogers' theory of diffusion and discusses how technology is diffused into curriculum areas in the middle school setting.
From the Paper "One of the ways in which technology has been utilized in math at the middle school level, is through the use of graphing calculators. Teachers have found the integration of this technology into the curriculum beneficial for general education students as well as student who have Learning Disabilities. An article entitled, "Using Graphing Calculators with Students Who Have Learning Problems in Middle Grades", explains that the use of Graphing calculators is normally reserved for high school students (Steele, 2007). However, in recent years some middle schools have recognized that introducing middle school students to this technology can assist in preparing them for High School (Steele, 2007)."
Tags: technology school curriculum teachers internet education, social studies, math, computer games, science lesson students
Abstract This paper examines how the presence of others affects our performance and behaviour. The author argues that the presence of others effects simple/practiced tasks and complex ones differently. Included is an anlysis of group consensus and conformity, social impact theory, and a look at possible outcomes such as: diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance.
From the paper:
"Our behaviour is influenced in many ways by the actions, views and mere presence of those around us. Many studies in Social Psychology have been carried out on how this influence effects us and how much. It seems that the presence of an audience is beneficial only when the task at hand is simple or well practised. If not, the audience causes performance to get worse. When acting as part of a group, individuals tend to conform to a common group consensus. This is especially the case when such a consensus in unanimous. However, minorities do have the ability to change group norms or perceptions. Individuals are less likely to help those who maybe in trouble when there are other potential helpers around. This is mainly due to pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility. Social impact theory states that the level of influence on an individual depends on the number, status and proximity of the observers as well as on whether he is acting alone or with others."
Abstract This paper discusses how the current nursing shortage is more severe and complex than any previous shortage and how the causes of the shortage must be properly identified so that the appropriate innovations can be introduced. In particular, the paper looks at how E. Roger's (1983) theory of diffusion is perfect for the change process since it emphasizes the necessity of full knowledge of the problem and the innovation.
Outline
Introduction
The Challenge of the Nursing Shortage
Rogers' (1983) Theory of Diffusion The Use of Multiple Frames
Conclusion
From the Paper "The current nursing shortage is interrelated with other challenges, and none have easy or swift solutions. The shortage is coupled with an aging workforce as well as increasing health care costs (Copeland, 2005). The shortage is causing high workloads and stress for nurses as well as injuries to overburdened nurses and inadequate patient care. In addition, the nursing shortage is exacerbating in another way since another one-third reduction in nurse educators is about to occur due to retirements and resignations."
Abstract This paper discusses the population diffusion that Canada saw with its third wave of immigration. It deals with the changes in migration policy and land tenure that allowed this diffusion during Canada's third wave of immigration and specifically focuses on immigration on the prairies. The paper then discusses the prairie township system and how they worked in Canada.
From the Paper "With respect to the results of this process for the settlement landscape of the prairies, the most striking consequence was that townships were often organized into small micro-cultures, in order to encourage and facilitate immigration and homesteading. As I discussed in my previous paper, the government was inclined to promote immigration by a variety of cultural groups, such as "Mennonite settlers from Ukraine" (Lehr, 279) and therefore allowed them to gather together in townships, or clusters of townships, such as the "Mennonite West Reserve" (Lehr, 280), created in 1875, which consisted of twenty-two townships. Sifton took this process further, by encouraging immigration and land cultivation "under the colony or hamlet system" (Hall, 65), a move which he believed would encourage single men to consider homesteading. From this perspective, the township system may have encouraged the development of towns and communities, and may well have served as the impetus to immigration it was intended to be, however it also had drawbacks."
Abstract The future of mobile telephony is closely linked to services. Users are required to purchase new phones with new technical features for the large-scale diffusion of service platforms and the adoption of increasingly advanced services. The survey in this paper indicates, however, that services are not such an important reason for consumer purchases of new mobile phones. In this paper, the authors have chosen a different approach, in which they look at the reasons consumers have bought their recent mobile phones in Finland. Instead of relying on the hopes and expectations of the future, they focus on individual consumer interpretations of past behavior. The paper, first, briefly describes the peculiarities of the Finnish mobile market.Then it looks at how the survey was carried out and what kinds of results were obtained. Finally it discusses the relevance of the results for the evolution of mobile services. The paper includes tables.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Case: Finland
Panel Survey and Methodology
Top Reasons for Purchasing a New Mobile Phone
Consumer Interpretations
Conclusions and Discussions
References
From the Paper "The visions of mobile telephony are closely linked to services, gaming, multimedia and mCommerce. For the large scale diffusion of these innovations and applications, users are required to purchase new phones with new features (Kalakota & Robinson 2002, Lindmark 2002). GPRS, Java and Symbian applications are new parts of the contemporary infrastructure in Europe, but even this infrastructure is going to evolve rapidly in the near future. This means that a user with a phone bought today is not likely to be able to take full advantage of the state-of-the-art mobile features and services a few years from now. Correspondingly, the new features and services will not be commercially successful if only few consumers purchase appropriate phones."
Abstract This paper examines factors that affect the adoption rates of new products and analyzes the adoption rates of XM Satellite Radio, MP3 players, CD players, DVRs and DVD audio as shown on a chart.
From the Paper "One of the primary determinants of cell phone banking adoption in South Africa has been trial ability. Researchers compared Internet adoption rates with cell phone banking rates and found that the cell phone banking participants indicated a lower ..."
Tags:diffusion, product, audio products, XM Satellite Radio, MP3 players, CD players, DVR, TiVo, DVD audio
Abstract This paper details the structure of the lipid bi-layer, fluid-mosaic model of the bio membrane. The paper discusses the terms hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic, and gives examples of their workings. The paper also explains what is meant by the osmosis, diffusion, exocytosis, endocytosis and active and passive transport.
From the Paper "The basic structural unit of virtually all bio-membranes is the phospholipid bi-layer. It is a sheet-like structure with two layers of phospholipid molecules with their polar heads facing the surrounding water and their fatty acyl chains forming a continuous hydrophobic interior. Each of the two phospholipid layers in the bi-layer is called a leaflet. The hydrophobic interaction between the fatty acyl chains of glycolipid and phospholipid molecules is the driving force keeping the leaflets..."
Abstract This paper integrates several Civil War topics, including the power dynamics of oligarchies in the antebellum South, the authorship and diffusion of pro-slavery ideology, the development and implications of the plantation slavery economy, and an analysis of different explanations for the collapse of the Confederacy, into the thesis that the South's lack of pragmatism and adaptability brought about its defeat. The writer dissects the discourse of James Henry Hammond and John C. Calhoun and presents pro-slavery ideology as a fundamentally conservative reaction to early capitalism that diffused from a planter elite to the Southern masses through the conflation of the Southern identity with the institution of slavery. The industrial and technological stagnation, aristocratic trends, and dependent nature of the Southern economy are weighed as cogent factors in the failure of Confederate resources. The writer explains, using cognitive dissonance theory, how the conflicting elements of Confederate nationalism, such as scriptural fundamentalism, states' rights theory, and pro-slavery discourse, failed to successfully coexist with the reality of slavery and led to problems with strategy, conscription, enlistment, and solidarity.
Paper Outline
I. Introduction
II. Reactionary, Principled Ideology
III. Socioeconomic Maladjustment
IV. Confederate Defeat by Tradition and Ideology
V. Conclusion
From the Paper "James Henry Hammond, editor of The Southern Times, defended the right to property through scriptural fundamentalism and carried slavery above human criticism by declaring it a biblically sanctioned institution. In order to justify chattel slavery's presuppositions of vindicated human property, proslavery ideology needed to incorporate the priority of slaveholders? right to property over slaves? right to liberty. Hammond provided this by asserting that man's right to "property in man" had been "consecrated" by the Bible. Suggesting a similitude between abolitionism and anti-property radicalism, as did many reactionary Southerners, Hammond anticipated that, after defeating slavery, the property-threatening ideology of antislavery would challenge the capital of the North."
Abstract This paper selects two musical styles and explores their cultural geography, while considering the extent to which they demonstrate diffusion, place creation/environment and resistance/expression. The styles discussed are American Rhythm-Blues of the 1950s (i.e. McKinley Morganfield "Muddy Waters" and Chester Burnett "The Wolf") and British Rocking-Blues of the 1960/70s (i.e. Led Zeppelin and the Rolling Stones). The geography of music is a fairly new phase of geography and music study, it has only been fully developed in the last 30 to 40 years. Much study has been done into cultural geography's effect of global music and this paper concentrates on American music, which relies heavily on place creation, diffusion, environment and expression to create memorable music that remains viable and fresh for decades.
From the Paper "Developed from jazz, blues, and countless other forces, the first rock and roll songs are attributed to bands like Bill Haley and the Comets and Elvis Presley. Historian Barlow continues, "Hence, blues diffusions can be traced to African-American rhythm and blues, soul, and even rap musical styles. Moreover, they can be traced to the flowering of rock and roll, and then rock music, among white youth" (Barlow 61). As rock and roll music grew in popularity, it was simply natural that different cultures would develop their own forms of the music, and this is true with rock, which led to offshoots around the world, including British rockin' blues by bands such as Led Zeppelin and the Rolling Stones. Rock too is a form of social protest, and so, it defines a time and a place in culture and society, just as the blues defined an earlier era, and then helped create other defining musical styles."
Abstract This paper is a historical look at the geographical diffusion of three food ingredients: beef, black beans and broccoli. The paper details a short history with statistics for each individual food ingredient to show its commercial and dietary development. It then compares the diffusion of the three, to judge which was the most successful ingredient.
Abstract This paper explains that disorders of homeostasis, fluid, and electrolyte balance occur in every setting, with every disorder, and with a variety of changes that affect healthy people. The paper also describes body fluids and electrolytes and the process of regulation of body fluid through osmosis. In addition, the paper discusses issues of homeostasis in the kidneys, skin, lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Body Fluids
Electrolytes
Regulation of Body Fluid Through Osmosis
Diffusion Diffusion Filtration
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Electrolyte Balance
Kidneys
Skin
Lungs
Gastrointestinal Tract
Laboratory Tests for Evaluating Fluid Status:
Osmolality
Osmolarity
Homeostatic Mechanisms
Kidney Functions
Heart and Blood Vessel Functions
Lung Functions
Pituitary Functions
Adrenal Functions
Parathyroid Functions
Baroreceptors
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Antidiuretic Hormone and Thirst
Osmoreceptors
From the Paper "The hypothalamus manufactures ADH, which is stored in the posterior pituitary gland and released as needed. ADH is sometimes called the water-conserving hormone because it causes the body to retain water. Functions of ADH include maintaining the osmotic pressure of the cells by controlling the retention or excretion of water by the kidneys and by regulating blood volume.
Abstract The paper discusses the benefits of the cellular phone and the direct and indirect consequences of the increased use of cellular phones. The paper looks at how this innovation has been reinvented many times over and discusses the effectiveness of opinion leaders and change agents in this case. The paper examines the communication channel and interpersonal network used for diffusion of the cellular phone and shows how this innovation has already made a tremendous impact on the way the world communicates.
Outline:
Introduction
History of the Innovation
How Rapidly is the Change Occurring and Why?
What Will be Direct and Indirect Consequences of the Change?
Has the Innovation that is Diffusing Been Reinvented?
Who are the Opinion Leaders and Change Agents?
Opinion Leaders and Change Agents Effectiveness or Ineffectiveness
What Communication Channels Did They Use and What Networks?
How Will This Innovation or Change Affect the Future and Future
Changes?
Conclusion
From the Paper "The cellular phone was first introduced to the American public in 1983, and worked off of cells located in metropolitan areas, hence its name, the "cell" phone. Those who used the device in the early days were primarily male executives, who were offered the device as a "perk" since the cell phone at that time cost approximately $3,000.00. As the years passed, the price dropped and in 1993, "one in three cellular phones was sold for nonbusiness use" (Rogers, 2003, p. 245). The rest, as they say, is history, and now almost every household has at least one (1) individual who possesses a cellular telephone."
