Abstract
The paper seeks to identify effective legal approaches to diffusing religious-based tensions in states where religious and political affairs are intertwined. The paper examines scholarly and governmental literature to provide an overview of the respective legal systems of six different countries, their experiences with religious-based acts of terrorism in recent years, and what the legal systems of these countries do on their own to address these pressing issues. The paper summarizes the research and salient conclusions.

Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Methodology
Overview of Study
Definition of Key Terms
Review of Related Literature
Summary and Conclusions

From the Paper
"Finally, and perhaps most regrettably of all, there appears to be an inverse relationship between how authoritarian and restrictive a society's legal system is compared to its incidence of terrorist activities. Those countries where free speech and democratic processes are well established have turned out to be the perfect place for terrorists to find accommodations while they plot acts of violence against the very same societies that allow them to operate with such impunity. How can these same social frameworks be transformed to counter these threats without sacrificing the essential elements of their society that makes them free? This question has perplexed historians, politicians and scholars, and it continues to present policymakers with a number of choices, most of which are bad - from a free society's perspective at least -- it would seem. Because the stakes are so high, there is little room for false starts or experimentation when addressing the fundamental issues involved in addressing a multifaceted and enormously volatile problem such as religious-based international terrorism. It would seem like a reasonable starting point for the respective legal systems reviewed herein would be to clean up their own acts making access to them easier for the average citizen, and to enforce the laws that are already on the books concerning conspiracy and terrorism. Placing further restrictions on a country's citizenry through the legal system only plays into the hands of terrorists who seek to foment unrest and dissatisfaction, just as the propagandists of the past and today. Yet, some limitations need to be considered on just how free a society can be and still tolerate the imposition of religious-based changes and remain a free state."

Tags:democratic, religion, tension

Abstract
This is a 4 page paper on the different associations of cultural diffusion and the dynamics involved in it therein.

Tags:diffusion, of, culture

Abstract
This paper explains that, if diffusion of innovation is to be effective within the UAE Community of Practice (CoP) network, the synchronization of the factors of communication channels, rate of adoption and characteristics of the social system within the social and communication structures need to be understood. Next, to comprehend the CoP within the UAE healthcare community, the author proposes empirically derived research to understand the role of opinion leaders as change agents, their optional, collective and authority innovation decisions, their unique structure relative to process and medical product innovation diffusion and the development of role-based models. To achieve these objective, the paper presents the study's methodology and timetable.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Relation to Previous Research
Proposed Methods
Face to Face Interviews
Computer Aided Telephone Interviews
Internet Based Data Collection Survey
Reflections
Conclusion
Timetable

From the Paper
"The diffusion of innovation throughout healthcare organizations often begins in the knowledge management, support services and decision support systems areas due to these processes having a direct impact on quality of care . The propensity of a CoP to serve as the catalyst for creating greater levels of knowledge transfer and corresponding trust is also a key determinant in the productivity of healthcare communities throughout communities and regions. For the UAE healthcare community to nurture and grow CoPs, there must be a concentration on knowledge sharing, the evaluating of new medical products (Carter, 20) to more efficiently and completely treat patients, and a recognition of the fact that continual improvement will require continual measurement as well. From the qualitative aspects of the steps required to create a CoP and continually grow it through the use of knowledge sharing and the creation and maintenance of a knowledge management system, there must be strong leadership for this type of socially-based community to stay in existence and grow over time.
"Any CoP must also be outward centered, looking at the unmet needs of those professionals in the UAE healthcare community who seek to continually improve and learn."

Tags:optimization, leadership style, velocity processes transformational

Abstract
The paper relates that diffuse interstitial fibrosis (DIF) is a class of numerous related progressive diseases characterized by increased difficulty breathing. The paper explains the symptoms and diagnosis, causes and treatment of these diseases.

Outline:
Introduction
Diagnosis and Symptoms
Causes
Treatment
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Diffuse interstitial fibrosis (DIF) is a class of specific diseases of the respiratory tissues in the lungs. The individual diseases that DIF comprises include diffuse parenchymal lung disease, alveolitis, and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA). In addition, thee are two other forms of unknown ("idiopathic) origin, idiopathic pulmonary pneumonitis (IPP) and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). All the DIF diseases are characterized by intense inflammation of the lower lung tissues. Over time, the inflammation leads to long-term scarring of the deep lung tissue and to respiratory problems."

Tags:breathing, fatigue, oxygen, coughs, smoking, antidepressants, reflux

Abstract
This paper looks at the diffusion of a particular innovation within a farm goods retailer for which this writer once worked. Specifically, the writer discusses the history of the diffusion process at this organization, identifies the opinion leaders and change agents promoting the decision and the success they encountered and explores the innovation-decision process within the organization as it unfolded when the new technology was adopted. The paper looks at whether and how the organization adopted the new innovation and examines why the change diffused at the pace it did and what role the organizational social structure played in the diffusion of the innovation. Finally, the paper identifies the communication channels and network existing within the social structure of the organization and looks at how knowledge about the innovation was distributed and how the role played by change agents in cultivating an acceptance of change. The paper demonstrates that long-standing institutional barriers - particularly organizational culture, the perception that one's interests are not served by the innovation, and the adaptability of older workers - all determine the rate of diffusion for an innovation.

From the Paper
"In the course of one's organizational life, decisions about whether to adopt or reject a new innovation are fairly frequent; as most of us well-know, sometimes the decisions taken are wise, and sometimes the decisions taken are bad. With that in mind, the following paper will look at the diffusion of a particular innovation within a farm goods retailer for which I once worked. Specifically, I will begin by discussing the history of the diffusion process at this organization as best I can. From there, I will identify the opinion leaders and change agents promoting the..."

Tags:rogers', five, attributes

Abstract
The diffusion of technology into educational settings has long been a subject of great interest. The author of this paper examines the technology diffusion of innovations into middle school classrooms as it pertains to the areas of social studies, math, science, and career connections classes. The paper's writer reviews current literature based on E. Rogers' theory of diffusion and discusses how technology is diffused into curriculum areas in the middle school setting.

From the Paper
"One of the ways in which technology has been utilized in math at the middle school level, is through the use of graphing calculators. Teachers have found the integration of this technology into the curriculum beneficial for general education students as well as student who have Learning Disabilities. An article entitled, "Using Graphing Calculators with Students Who Have Learning Problems in Middle Grades", explains that the use of Graphing calculators is normally reserved for high school students (Steele, 2007). However, in recent years some middle schools have recognized that introducing middle school students to this technology can assist in preparing them for High School (Steele, 2007)."

Tags:technology school curriculum teachers internet education, social studies, math, computer games, science lesson students

Abstract
The future of mobile telephony is closely linked to services. Users are required to purchase new phones with new technical features for the large-scale diffusion of service platforms and the adoption of increasingly advanced services. The survey in this paper indicates, however, that services are not such an important reason for consumer purchases of new mobile phones. In this paper, the authors have chosen a different approach, in which they look at the reasons consumers have bought their recent mobile phones in Finland. Instead of relying on the hopes and expectations of the future, they focus on individual consumer interpretations of past behavior. The paper, first, briefly describes the peculiarities of the Finnish mobile market.Then it looks at how the survey was carried out and what kinds of results were obtained. Finally it discusses the relevance of the results for the evolution of mobile services. The paper includes tables.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Case: Finland
Panel Survey and Methodology
Top Reasons for Purchasing a New Mobile Phone
Consumer Interpretations
Conclusions and Discussions
References

From the Paper
"The visions of mobile telephony are closely linked to services, gaming, multimedia and mCommerce. For the large scale diffusion of these innovations and applications, users are required to purchase new phones with new features (Kalakota & Robinson 2002, Lindmark 2002). GPRS, Java and Symbian applications are new parts of the contemporary infrastructure in Europe, but even this infrastructure is going to evolve rapidly in the near future. This means that a user with a phone bought today is not likely to be able to take full advantage of the state-of-the-art mobile features and services a few years from now. Correspondingly, the new features and services will not be commercially successful if only few consumers purchase appropriate phones."

Tags:cell, communications, mcommerce

Abstract
This paper examines factors that affect the adoption rates of new products and analyzes the adoption rates of XM Satellite Radio, MP3 players, CD players, DVRs and DVD audio as shown on a chart.

From the Paper
"One of the primary determinants of cell phone banking adoption in South Africa has been trial ability. Researchers compared Internet adoption rates with cell phone banking rates and found that the cell phone banking participants indicated a lower ..."

Tags:diffusion, product, audio products, XM Satellite Radio, MP3 players, CD players, DVR, TiVo, DVD audio

Abstract
This paper provides a brief discussion of the transmission of culture among civilizations due to the forces of war, trade, and migration. The various influences among Mesopotamia, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and U.S. cultures are discussed.

From the Paper
"Since the beginnings of Ancient Civilization, culture has been transmitted from one society to another through various means. War, trade, migration and other forces are responsible for the transmission of culture that is reflected in the architecture, art, government structure and other aspects of society. This analysis will provide a brief discussion of how war, trade and migration have been responsible for cultural transmission in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome and the United States. In Ancient Civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome, war, trade and migration..."

Tags:art, architecture, values, government, Colosseum, Parthenon, Thanksgiving, Pilgrims

Abstract
This paper examines several prominent enlightenment thinkers and attempts to prove that deism in the 18th century was not a coherent religious ideology but rather a loose system of beliefs. The writer provides the historical and intellectual background for the shifts in Enlightenment theology, as well as a contemporary definition of deism. Examples are given of 18th-century deism showing its broad range from the ideas of the skeptic philosopher David Hume to Isaac Newton's belief in a hands-on God. Between these two poles the paper also examines the ideas of other great deist thinkers such as Thomas Jefferson and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

From the Paper
"Established, ancient religions rely on a foundation comprising static texts of primary or secondary sources. These accounts remain relatively unchanged throughout the history of a particular religion. Furthermore, there is generally a recognized priestly order to dictate appropriate dogma. When an individual identifies with an orthodox religion, he has a strict set of guidelines to follow that connects him to his fellow believers and that creates a coherent group. Deists, on the other hand, use human reason to come to their own individual religious truths. Because, by definition, deism requires introspective reasoning, the philosophical conclusions of deists are as diffuse as their membership."

Tags:humanist, deity, Paine, Collins, Voltaire, Franklin, Jefferson, superstition